Subject: Geography

Year: 10

Dear Students,

We hope you are all well. Please be reminded that it is an expectation that you are completing the work that we

have set. Where possible can students please email their geography teachers with an update of their progress. You

could include photographs of your work or upload documents you have made in the email.

Each week in Geography you will be expected to complete a piece of Geography work that should take you between

1 to 2 hours. You will also be expected to complete at least 30 minutes on SENECA using the class code on page 2 of

this document. This is the minimum expectation and there are lots of other useful things you could spend your time

completing in your free time as listed below:

Watching Documentaries:

Chasing Ice

Blue Planet

Planet Earth

Life

Severn Worlds One Planet

Horizons: We need to talk about population

National Geographic

Explore the following websites:

BBC Bitesize

Geoguessr

Google Maps

Gapminder

World Atlas

Earthtime.org

National Geographic

Twitter: @BCGeogDept

Read the following books:

Our Place by Mark Cocker

Adventures of a young naturalist by David Attenbrough

Prisoners of Geography by Tim Marshall

Population and Development – Tim Dyson

Factfulness by Hans Rosling

Adventures through the Anthrpocene by Gaia Vince

Week Title of work Learning Intentions: Deadline for work

1 What landforms can you find along the River Severn?

To be able to identify and explain the formation of landforms of erosion and deposition on a named river in the UK.

Friday 8th May 2020

2 How can a river be managed through hard and soft engineering approaches?

To know the different hard and soft engineering approaches to managing a river. To evaluate these management approaches.

Friday 15th May 2020

3 Example of a flood management scheme in the UK: Jubilee River

To know why the management scheme was needed. To explain what the management strategy involved and the issues managing rivers can bring

Friday 22nd May 2020

4 Rivers Review

To review what you have learnt so far on rivers.

Friday 29th May 2020

5 What are waves? To know what causes a wave in the sea. To be able to describe the characteristics of destructive and constructive waves.

Friday 5th June 2020

If you have any questions about your work please email your class teacher and they will get back to you as soon as

they can.

Mr Mullins (l.mullins@bishopchalloner.bham.sch.uk)

Mrs Dawson (z.dawson@bishopchalloner.bham.sch.uk)

Mrs Tahir (h.tahir@bishopchalloner.bham.sch.uk)

Mr Reed (r.reed@bishopchalloner.bham.sch.uk)

Please follow us on twitter: @BCGeogDept

Geography SENECA Online Work

We will be expecting you to carry out at least 30 minutes of work on SENECA each week and to meet the

deadlines of the assignments set by your Geography teachers.

Class Codes:

Class Teacher Class Code

10B1

Mrs Dawson

Mu3ixjf8gv

10A2

Mr Mullins

3wlgzpue8v

10A1

Mr Reed

S5uyyxvgs0

10B2

Mrs Tahir

l5jn9va0I

How do I access SENECA?

Click here for the website: https://www.senecalearning.com/

Watch this 1 minute video if you are not sure how to access your class assignments.

https://help.senecalearning.com/en/articles/3814511-how-to-join-a-class-with-class-code-from-your-teacher

If you have any questions about your work please email your class teacher and they will get back to you as soon as

they can.

Mr Mullins (l.mullins@bishopchalloner.bham.sch.uk)

Mrs Dawson (z.dawson@bishopchalloner.bham.sch.uk)

Mrs Tahir (h.tahir@bishopchalloner.bham.sch.uk)

Mr Tsintas (a.tsintas@bishopchalloner.bham.sch.uk)

Mr Reed (r.reed@bishopchalloner.bham.sch.uk)

Please follow us on twitter: @BCGeogDept

Week 1:

What landforms can you find along the River Severn?

The River Severn

The source of the River Severn is located in the Cambrian Mountains of Mid Wales, and it flows east and south to its mouth where the river joins the Bristol Channel underneath the Severn Bridges.

The area receives excessive rainfall due to depressions from the Atlantic. The Severn swiftly grows and

forms a V-shaped valley. The river transports a large load, which allows rapid erosion to take place.

Waterfalls and gorges have been formed in the upper course. As the gradient decreases, meanders can be

found. As the river nears the lower course, flooding is a threat.

Upper course

The upper course has hard impermeable rocks. Here, vertical erosion has formed a V-shaped valley.

The River Severn has many waterfalls in its upper course such as the ‘Severn Breaks Its Neck’.

Middle Course

As the River Severn starts to erode sideways (lateral erosion), it forms meanders. These can be identified in the middle course near Welshpool.

Lower course

Near Tewkesbury, the meanders in the lower course are much larger. In this area there are also levees which have formed when the river has flooded.

The River Severn has a very large mouth with mudflats and sandbanks which support wildlife in the area. Many of the sites are protected areas.

Activities:

1. Describe the location of the River Severn using the following key terms: (Source, Mouth, England, Wales,

Plynlimon Hills, Bristol Channel).

2. Watch the following clip or look at the following photographs

https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00xnhlf.

Describe what the landscape looks like in the upper course of the River Severn.

(consider the steepness of the land, the landforms you find, how wide the river is, how deep the river is).

3. Create a table like the one below in your books. Complete the table using ticks that show where the

landform is found and whether it is formed through erosion or deposition.

Landform name

Upper Course Middle Course Lower Course Erosion Deposition

The Severn Breaks Its Neck Waterfall

A Gorge

Meanders at Welshpool

Ox Bow Lake

A levee

An estuary like at the Bristol Channel

4. Answer the following practice exam questions in full sentences (write the question and your answer):

What are riffles and pools in a river meander? (2 marks)

Draw a labelled cross section of a river meander (6 marks)

Name three features that may result from deposition in a river (2 marks)

Explain the formation of a levee (4 marks)

Explain the formation of floodplains (4 marks)

What is a river bluff? (1 mark)

What is a meander scar? (1 mark)

Explain the formation of an estuary (4 marks)

Week 2:

How can a river be managed through hard and soft engineering approaches?

There are two approaches that can be taken when managing a river.

Hard engineering management involves using artificial structures, such as dams and embankments.

Soft engineering management is a more natural approach to manage flooding, such as floodplain zoning.

Hard engineering strategies

Hard engineering involves building artificial structures which try to control rivers. They tend to be more expensive. Each hard engineering strategy has its advantages and disadvantages.

Dams and reservoirs

A man-made reservoir

The dam traps water, which builds up behind it, forming a reservoir. Water can be released in a controlled way.

Advantages

Can be used to produce electricity by passing the water through a turbine within the dam.

Reservoirs can attract tourists.

Disadvantages

Very expensive.

Dams trap sediment which means the reservoir can hold less water.

Habitats are flooded often leading to rotting vegetation. This releases methane which is a greenhouse gas.

Settlements are lost leading to the displacement of people. In developing countries locals are not always consulted and have little say in where they are relocated.

River straightening and dredging

A river dredger in the Netherlands

Straightening the river speeds up the water so high volumes of water can pass through an area quickly. Dredging makes the river deeper so it can hold more water.

Advantages

More water can be held in the channel.

It can be used to reduce flood risk in built-up areas.

Disadvantages

Dredging needs to be done frequently.

Speeding up the river increases flood risk downstream.

Embankments

The Moskva River embankment, Moscow

Raising the banks of a river means that it can hold more water.

Advantages

Cheap with a one-off cost

Allows for flood water to be contained within the river.

Disadvantages

Looks unnatural.

Water speeds up and can increase flood risk downstream.

Flood relief channels

The Morganza spillway on the Mississippi river is a flood relief channel

The floodwater flows into the relief channel and is taken either to an area where it can be absorbed, or re-enters the river further down its course.

Advantages

Removes excess water from the river channel to reduce flooding.

Disadvantages

Expensive to build.

If water levels continue to rise, the relief channel may also flood.

Soft engineering strategies:

Soft engineering does not involve building artificial structures, but takes a more sustainable and natural approach to managing the potential for river flooding. Each approach has its advantages and disadvantages.

Flood warnings and preparation

The environmental agency monitors rivers and issues warnings via newspapers, TV, radio and the internet when they are likely to flood so people can prepare.

Advantages

People have time to protect their properties, eg with sandbags.

Many possessions can be saved, resulting in fewer insurance claims.

Disadvantages

Some people may not be able to access the warnings.

Flash floods may happen too quickly for a warning to be effective.

They do not stop land from flooding - they just warn people that a flood is likely.

Floodplain zoning

Allowing only certain land uses on the floodplain reduces the risk of flooding to houses and important buildings.

Advantages

More expensive buildings and land uses are further away from the river, so have a reduced flood risk.

Less damage is caused, leading to fewer insurance claims.

Disadvantages

Not always possible to change existing land uses.

Planners have to decide what type of flood to plan for.

Afforestation (planting trees)

Planting trees near and along rivers can slow down the lag time of surface runoff entering the river channel. Trees

intercept and use some of the water.

Advantages

Very effective in reducing the lag time (how long it takes the rainfall to reach the river channel).

Cheap and good for the environment.

Creates new habitats for wildlife.

Disadvantages

Lots of trees are needed to have a significant affect.

Trees need time to grow.

Read this article for more information: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-35777927

Activities:

1. Define the terms Hard Engineering and Soft Engineering.

2. Make notes on the four main types of hard engineering.

3. Make notes on the three main types of soft engineering.

4. Answer the following 9 mark question:

‘Hard engineering is the best way to manage rivers in the UK. To what extent do you agree with this view’?

(9 marks)

Exam Question Tips:

Write a short introduction that states what hard and soft engineering is and names some of the types.

Use a PEEL structure.

Use evaluative language (on one hand, on the other hand, the advantage of this is, the disadvantage of

this is, to a greater extent, to a lesser extent, the best option in my opinion is, the most effective approach

in my opinion is.

Add a conclusion that come to a decision whether you agree or disagree with the statement and why.

Week 3:

Example of a UK flood management scheme: The Jubilee Flood Relief River

Why the scheme was required?

The £110m Jubilee River opened in 2002, and was built to reduce flooding in Maidenhead, Windsor,

Eton and Cookham.

The management strategy:

In flood conditions the Jubilee River (man made river) diverts water from the River Thames upstream of Maidenhead

This reduces flood levels in the River Thames running through Maidenhead, Windsor, Eton and Cookham

The Jubilee River rejoins the Thames downstream of Windsor, and does not provide protection to communities downstream of the scheme

The social, economic and environmental issues:

Activities:

1. What was the problem on the River Thames in places such as Windsor and Eton?

2. What did the management strategy involve and how much did it cost?

3. Draw a sketch map showing the route of Jubilee River off the River Thames.

4. Explain the social issues of the management scheme.

5. Explain the economic issues of the management scheme.

6. Explain the environmental issues of the management scheme.

For more information and videos visit the following websites:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-25727040

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/jubilee-river-flood-alleviation-scheme/jubilee-river-flood-

alleviation-scheme

Week 4

Rivers Review

To help revise over what you have covered in the rivers section so far please complete the following activities.

1. In your books make a glossary for the following key terms

Abrasion. Cross profile. Discharge. Embankments. Erosion. Estuary. Flood plain. Flood plain zoning. Flood warning

Gorge. Hard engineering. Hydraulic action. Hydrograph. Levees. Long profile. Ox-bow lake. Precipitation. Saltation.

Soft engineering. Solution. Suspension. Vertical erosion. Waterfall

Key Term Definition

2. Make a revision mind map over double page on your books or on plain A4 / A3 paper for the topic

of RIVERS. Use colour or highlighters to make your work stand out The branches of your mind map

should include the following:

Types of erosion

Types of transportation

Deposition

Long profile of a river

Cross profile of a river

Landforms of erosion

Landforms of deposition

Landforms of both erosion and deposition

Landforms of the River Severn

Flooding (human and physical causes)

Hard engineering

Soft engineering

The Jubilee River

Week 5:

Coastal Landscapes in the UK - What are waves and how are they created?

When the wind blows over the sea, it creates waves. The size and energy of the wave depends on certain factors:

the fetch - how far the wave has travelled

the strength of the wind

how long the wind has been blowing for

Wave types

There are two different types of wave - constructive and destructive.

They can affect the coastline in different ways. When a wave reaches the shore, the water that rushes up the beach is known as the swash. The water that flows back towards the sea is known as the backwash. The energy of the swash and backwash determine the type of wave.

The characteristics of a destructive wave are:

weak swash and strong backwash

the strong backwash removes sediment from the beach

the waves are steep and close together

The characteristics of a constructive wave are:

strong swash and weak backwash

the strong swash brings sediments to build up the beach

the backwash is not strong enough to remove the sediment

the waves are low and further apart

Activities:

1. What three factors determine the size and energy of a wave?

2. Make a copy of a diagram of a wave labelling the crest of a wave (the top), the trough of

the wave (bottom of the wave), the wave height and the wave length.

3. Make notes on the characteristics of destructive and constructive waves.

4. Compare and contrast destructive and constructive waves (6 marks)