SUBELEMENT G4 AMATEUR RADIO PRACTICES [5 Exam Questions - 5 groups]
SUBELEMENT T7 Station equipment: common transmitter and receiver problems; antenna measurements;...
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SUBELEMENT T7
Station equipment: common transmitter and receiver problems;
antenna measurements; troubleshooting; basic repair and
testing
[4 Exam Questions - 4 Groups]
Station Equipment 2014
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T7A – Station equipment: receivers; transmitters; transceivers; modulation; transverters; low power and weak signal operation; transmit and receive amplifiers
T7B – Common transmitter and receiver problems: symptoms of overload and overdrive; distortion; causes of interference; interference and consumer electronics; part 15 devices; over and under modulation; RF feedback; off frequency signals; fading and noise; problems with digital communications interfaces
T7C – Antenna measurements and troubleshooting: measuring SWR; dummy loads; coaxial cables; feed line failure modes
T7D – Basic repair and testing: soldering; using basic test instruments; connecting a voltmeter, ammeter, or ohmmeter 2Station Equipment
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Receiver Technology• Current receivers are largely superheterodyne
• Superheterodyne receivers convert the receive
frequency to lower Intermediate Frequencies (IF) to
allow filtering
• Multiple conversions makes a more selective
receiver
• The final stage includes a Detector that extracts the
audio from the modulated carrier
• A CW/SSB detector is called a Product Detector
• An FM detector is called a Discriminator
3Station Equipment
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T7A01 - Which term describes the ability of a receiver to detect the presence of a
signal?
A. LinearityB. SensitivityC. SelectivityD. Total Harmonic Distortion
Station Equipment 2014
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T7A01 - Which term describes the ability of a receiver to detect the presence of a
signal?
A. Linearity
B. SensitivityC. SelectivityD. Total Harmonic Distortion
Station Equipment 2014
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T7A02 - What is a transceiver?
A. A type of antenna switchB. A unit combining the functions of a transmitter and a receiverC. A component in a repeater which filters out unwanted interferenceD. A type of antenna matching network
6Station Equipment
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T7A02 - What is a transceiver?
A. A type of antenna switch
B. A unit combining the functions of a transmitter and a receiverC. A component in a repeater which filters out unwanted interferenceD. A type of antenna matching network
7Station Equipment
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T7A03 - Which of the following is used to convert a radio signal from
one frequency to another?
A. Phase splitterB. MixerC. InverterD. Amplifier
8Station Equipment
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T7A03 - Which of the following is used to convert a radio signal from
one frequency to another?
A. Phase splitter
B. MixerC. InverterD. Amplifier
9Station Equipment
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T7A04 - Which term describes the ability of a receiver to discriminate between multiple
signals?
A. Discrimination ratioB. SensitivityC. SelectivityD. Harmonic Distortion
10Station Equipment
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T7A04 - Which term describes the ability of a receiver to discriminate between multiple
signals?
A. Discrimination ratioB. Sensitivity
C. SelectivityD. Harmonic Distortion
11Station Equipment
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T7A05 - What is the name of a circuit that generates a signal of a desired
frequency?
A. Reactance modulatorB. Product detectorC. Low-pass filterD. Oscillator
12Station Equipment
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T7A05 - What is the name of a circuit that generates a signal of a desired
frequency?
A. Reactance modulatorB. Product detectorC. Low-pass filter
D. Oscillator
13Station Equipment
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T7A06 - What device takes the output of a low-powered 28 MHz SSB exciter and produces a
222 MHz output signal?
A. High-pass filterB. Low-pass filterC. TransverterD. Phase converter
14Station Equipment
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T7A06 - What device takes the output of a low-powered 28 MHz SSB exciter and produces a
222 MHz output signal?
A. High-pass filterB. Low-pass filter
C. TransverterD. Phase converter
15Station Equipment
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T7A07 - What is meant by term “PTT”?
A. Pre-transmission tuning to reduce transmitter harmonic emissionB. Precise tone transmissions used to limit repeater access to only certain signalsC. A primary transformer tuner use to match antennasD. The push to talk function which switches between receive and transmit
16Station Equipment
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T7A07 - What is meant by term “PTT”?
A. Pre-transmission tuning to reduce transmitter harmonic emissionB. Precise tone transmissions used to limit repeater access to only certain signalsC. A primary transformer tuner use to match antennas
D. The push to talk function which switches between receive and transmit
17Station Equipment
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T7A08 - Which of the following describes
combining speech with an RF carrier signal?-
A. Impedance matchingB. OscillationC. ModulationD. Low-pass filtering
18Station Equipment
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T7A08 - Which of the following describes
combining speech with an RF carrier signal?-
A. Impedance matchingB. Oscillation
C. ModulationD. Low-pass filtering
19Station Equipment
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T7A09 - Which of the following devices is most useful for VHF weak-signal
communication?
A. A quarter-wave vertical antennaB. A multi-mode VHF transceiverC. An omni-directional antennaD. A mobile VHF FM transceiver
20Station Equipment
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T7A09 - Which of the following devices is most useful for VHF weak-signal
communication?
A. A quarter-wave vertical antenna
B. A multi-mode VHF transceiverC. An omni-directional antennaD. A mobile VHF FM transceiver
21Station Equipment
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T7A10 - What device increases the low-
power output from a handheld transceiver?
A. A voltage dividerB. An RF power amplifierC. An impedance networkD. All of these choices are correct
22Station Equipment
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T7A10 - What device increases the low-
power output from a handheld transceiver?
A. A voltage divider
B. An RF power amplifierC. An impedance networkD. All of these choices are correct
23Station Equipment
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T7A11 - Where is an RF preamplifier
installed?
A. Between the antenna and receiverB. At the output of the transmitter's power amplifierC. Between a transmitter and antenna tunerD. At the receiver's audio output
24Station Equipment
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T7A11 - Where is an RF preamplifier
installed?
A. Between the antenna and receiverB. At the output of the transmitter's power amplifierC. Between a transmitter and antenna tunerD. At the receiver's audio output
25Station Equipment
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T7B – Common transmitter and receiver problems:
symptoms of overload and overdrive; distortion; causes of interference; interference and
consumer electronics; part 15 devices; over and under modulation; RF feedback; off frequency signals; fading and noise; problems with digital
communications interfaces
26Station Equipment
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T7B01 - What can you do if you are told your FM handheld or mobile transceiver
is over-deviating?
A. Talk louder into the microphoneB. Let the transceiver cool offC. Change to a higher power levelD. Talk farther away from the microphone
27Station Equipment
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T7B01 - What can you do if you are told your FM handheld or mobile transceiver
is over-deviating?
A. Talk louder into the microphoneB. Let the transceiver cool offC. Change to a higher power level
D. Talk farther away from the microphone
28Station Equipment
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T7B02 - What would cause a broadcast AM or FM radio to receive an amateur
radio transmission unintentionally?
A. The receiver is unable to reject strong signals outside the AM or FM bandB. The microphone gain of the transmitter is turned up too highC. The audio amplifier of the transmitter is overloadedD. The deviation of an FM transmitter is set too low
29Station Equipment
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T7B02 - What would cause a broadcast AM or FM radio to receive an amateur
radio transmission unintentionally?
A. The receiver is unable to reject strong signals outside the AM or FM bandB. The microphone gain of the transmitter is turned up too highC. The audio amplifier of the transmitter is overloadedD. The deviation of an FM transmitter is set too low
30Station Equipment
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T7B03 - Which of the following may be a cause of radio frequency interference?
A. Fundamental overloadB. HarmonicsC. Spurious emissionsD. All of these choices are correct
31Station Equipment
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T7B03 - Which of the following may be a cause of radio frequency interference?
A. Fundamental overloadB. HarmonicsC. Spurious emissions
D. All of these choices are correct
32Station Equipment
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T7B04 - Which of the following is a way to reduce or eliminate interference by an amateur transmitter to a nearby
telephone?
A. Put a filter on the amateur transmitterB. Reduce the microphone gainC. Reduce the SWR on the transmitter transmission lineD. Put a RF filter on the telephone
33Station Equipment
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T7B04 - Which of the following is a way to reduce or eliminate interference by an amateur transmitter to a nearby
telephone?
A. Put a filter on the amateur transmitterB. Reduce the microphone gainC. Reduce the SWR on the transmitter transmission line
D. Put a RF filter on the telephone
34Station Equipment
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T7B05 - How can overload of a non-amateur radio or TV receiver by an
amateur signal be reduced or eliminated?
A. Block the amateur signal with a filter at the antenna input of the affected receiverB. Block the interfering signal with a filter on the amateur transmitterC. Switch the transmitter from FM to SSBD. Switch the transmitter to a narrow-band mode
35Station Equipment
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T7B05 - How can overload of a non-amateur radio or TV receiver by an
amateur signal be reduced or eliminated?
A. Block the amateur signal with a filter at the antenna input of the affected receiverB. Block the interfering signal with a filter on the amateur transmitterC. Switch the transmitter from FM to SSBD. Switch the transmitter to a narrow-band mode
36Station Equipment
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T7B06 - Which of the following actions should
you take if a neighbor tells you that your station’s transmissions are interfering with
their radio or TV reception?
A. Make sure that your station is functioning properly and that it does not cause interference to your own radio or television when it is tuned to the same channel B. Immediately turn off your transmitter and contact the nearest FCC office for assistanceC. Tell them that your license gives you the right to transmit and nothing can be done to reduce the interferenceD. Install a harmonic doubler on the output of your transmitter and tune it until the interference is eliminated
37Station Equipment
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T7B06 - Which of the following actions should
you take if a neighbor tells you that your station’s transmissions are interfering with
their radio or TV reception?
A. Make sure that your station is functioning properly and that it does not cause interference to your own radio or television when it is tuned to the same channel B. Immediately turn off your transmitter and contact the nearest FCC office for assistanceC. Tell them that your license gives you the right to transmit and nothing can be done to reduce the interferenceD. Install a harmonic doubler on the output of your transmitter and tune it until the interference is eliminated
38Station Equipment
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T7B07 - Which of the following may be useful in correcting a radio frequency
interference problem?
A. Snap-on ferrite chokesB. Low-pass and high-pass filtersC. Band-reject and band-pass filtersD. All of these choices are correct
39Station Equipment
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T7B07 - Which of the following may be useful in correcting a radio frequency
interference problem?
A. Snap-on ferrite chokesB. Low-pass and high-pass filtersC. Band-reject and band-pass filters
D. All of these choices are correct
40Station Equipment
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T7B08 - What should you do if something in a
neighbor’s home is causing harmful interference to your amateur station?
A. Work with your neighbor to identify the offending deviceB. Politely inform your neighbor about the rules that prohibit the use of devices which cause interferenceC. Check your station and make sure it meets the standards of good amateur practiceD. All of these choices are correct
41Station Equipment
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T7B08 - What should you do if something in a
neighbor’s home is causing harmful interference to your amateur station?
A. Work with your neighbor to identify the offending deviceB. Politely inform your neighbor about the rules that prohibit the use of devices which cause interferenceC. Check your station and make sure it meets the standards of good amateur practice
D. All of these choices are correct
42Station Equipment
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T7B09 - What is a Part 15 device?
A. An unlicensed device that may emit low powered radio signals on frequencies used by a licensed serviceB. A type of amateur radio that can legally be used in the citizen’s bandC. A device for long distance communications using special codes sanctioned by the International Amateur Radio UnionD. A type of test set used to determine whether a transmitter is in compliance with FCC regulation 91.15
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T7B09 - What is a Part 15 device?
A. An unlicensed device that may emit low powered radio signals on frequencies used by a licensed serviceB. A type of amateur radio that can legally be used in the citizen’s bandC. A device for long distance communications using special codes sanctioned by the International Amateur Radio UnionD. A type of test set used to determine whether a transmitter is in compliance with FCC regulation 91.15
44Station Equipment
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T7B10 - What might be the problem if you receive a report that your audio
signal through the repeater is distorted or unintelligible?
A. Your transmitter may be slightly off frequencyB. Your batteries may be running lowC. You could be in a bad locationD. All of these choices are correct
45Station Equipment
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T7B10 - What might be the problem if you receive a report that your audio
signal through the repeater is distorted or unintelligible?
A. Your transmitter may be slightly off frequencyB. Your batteries may be running lowC. You could be in a bad location
D. All of these choices are correct
46Station Equipment
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T7B11 - What is a symptom of RF
feedback in a transmitter or transceiver?
A. Excessive SWR at the antenna connectionB. The transmitter will not stay on the desired frequencyC. Reports of garbled, distorted, or unintelligible transmissionsD. Frequent blowing of power supply fuses
47Station Equipment
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T7B11 - What is a symptom of RF
feedback in a transmitter or transceiver?
A. Excessive SWR at the antenna connectionB. The transmitter will not stay on the desired frequency
C. Reports of garbled, distorted, or unintelligible transmissionsD. Frequent blowing of power supply fuses
48Station Equipment
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T7B12 - What might be the first step to resolve
cable TV interference from your ham radio transmission?
A. Add a low pass filter to the TV antenna inputB. Add a high pass filter to the TV antenna inputC. Add a preamplifier to the TV antenna inputD. Be sure all TV coaxial connectors are installed properly
49Station Equipment
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T7B12 - What might be the first step to resolve
cable TV interference from your ham radio transmission?
A. Add a low pass filter to the TV antenna inputB. Add a high pass filter to the TV antenna inputC. Add a preamplifier to the TV antenna input
D. Be sure all TV coaxial connectors are installed properly
50Station Equipment
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T7C – Antenna measurements and troubleshooting
measuring SWR; dummy loads; coaxial cables; feed line failure modes
51Station Equipment
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Feedlines
• Feedlines carry RF signals from the radio to the antenna• Coax, twin lead, ladder or window line are common feedlines• The longer the feedline, the more loss that occurs• Larger feedlines generally have less loss• Loss is caused by RF energy being converted to heat• Feedline impedance must match the radio and antenna for
maximum power transfer• Air dielectric in coax is low loss but may allow water entry• Ultraviolet light degrades insulation which may crack and
allow water entry• Corrosion from water exposure is the #1 coax killer
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Antenna Analyzer and SWR
•Antenna analyzers can be used to verify antenna impedance (match). A perfect SWR of 1:1 is ideal but anything less than 2:1 is OK and over 3:1 the antenna should be checked.•SWR is not a performance measurement (dummy loads are perfect at 1:1) but is important to verify proper operation.
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54Station Equipment 2014
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T7C01 - What is the primary purpose of
a dummy load?
A. To prevent the radiation of signals when making testsB. To prevent over-modulation of your transmitterC. To improve the radiation from your antennaD. To improve the signal to noise ratio of your receiver
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T7C01 - What is the primary purpose of
a dummy load?
A. To prevent the radiation of signals when making testsB. To prevent over-modulation of your transmitterC. To improve the radiation from your antennaD. To improve the signal to noise ratio of your receiver
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T7C02 - Which of the following
instruments can be used to determine if an antenna is resonant at the desired
operating frequency?
A. A VTVMB. An antenna analyzerC. A Q meterD. A frequency counter
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T7C02 - Which of the following
instruments can be used to determine if an antenna is resonant at the desired
operating frequency?
A. A VTVM
B. An antenna analyzerC. A Q meterD. A frequency counter
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T7C03 - What, in general terms, is
standing wave ratio (SWR)?
A. A measure of how well a load is matched to a transmission lineB. The ratio of high to low impedance in a feed lineC. The transmitter efficiency ratioD. An indication of the quality of your station’s ground connection
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T7C03 - What, in general terms, is
standing wave ratio (SWR)?
A. A measure of how well a load is matched to a transmission lineB. The ratio of high to low impedance in a feed lineC. The transmitter efficiency ratioD. An indication of the quality of your station’s ground connection
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T7C04 - What reading on an SWR meter
indicates a perfect impedance match between the antenna and the feed line?
A. 2 to 1B. 1 to 3C. 1 to 1D. 10 to 1
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T7C04 - What reading on an SWR meter
indicates a perfect impedance match between the antenna and the feed line?
A. 2 to 1B. 1 to 3
C. 1 to 1D. 10 to 1
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T7C05 - What is the approximate SWR value above which the protection circuits in
most solid-state transmitters begin to reduce transmitter power?
A. 2 to 1B. 1 to 2C. 6 to 1D. 10 to 1
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T7C05 - What is the approximate SWR value above which the protection circuits in
most solid-state transmitters begin to reduce transmitter power?
A. 2 to 1B. 1 to 2C. 6 to 1D. 10 to 1
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T7C06 - What does an SWR reading of
4:1 indicate?
A. Loss of -4dBB. Good impedance matchC. Gain of +4dBD. Impedance mismatch
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T7C06 - What does an SWR reading of
4:1 indicate?
A. Loss of -4dBB. Good impedance matchC. Gain of +4dB
D. Impedance mismatch
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T7C07 - What happens to power lost in a
feed line?
A. It increases the SWRB. It comes back into your transmitter and could cause damageC. It is converted into heatD. It can cause distortion of your signal
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T7C07 - What happens to power lost in a
feed line?
A. It increases the SWRB. It comes back into your transmitter and could cause damage
C. It is converted into heatD. It can cause distortion of your signal
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T7C08 - What instrument other than an SWR meter could you use to determine if a feed line and antenna are properly
matched?
A. VoltmeterB. OhmmeterC. Iambic pentameterD. Directional wattmeter
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T7C08 - What instrument other than an SWR meter could you use to determine if a feed line and antenna are properly
matched?
A. VoltmeterB. OhmmeterC. Iambic pentameter
D. Directional wattmeter
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T7C09 - Which of the following is the
most common cause for failure of coaxial cables?
A. Moisture contaminationB. Gamma raysC. The velocity factor exceeds 1.0D. Overloading
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T7C09 - Which of the following is the
most common cause for failure of coaxial cables?
A. Moisture contaminationB. Gamma raysC. The velocity factor exceeds 1.0D. Overloading
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T7C10 - Why should the outer jacket of coaxial cable be resistant to ultraviolet
light?
A. Ultraviolet resistant jackets prevent harmonic radiationB. Ultraviolet light can increase losses in the cable’s jacketC. Ultraviolet and RF signals can mix together, causing interferenceD. Ultraviolet light can damage the jacket and allow water to enter the cable
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T7C10 - Why should the outer jacket of coaxial cable be resistant to ultraviolet
light?
A. Ultraviolet resistant jackets prevent harmonic radiationB. Ultraviolet light can increase losses in the cable’s jacketC. Ultraviolet and RF signals can mix together, causing interference
D. Ultraviolet light can damage the jacket and allow water to enter the cable
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T7C11 - What is a disadvantage of air core coaxial cable when compared to
foam or solid dielectric types?
A. It has more loss per footB. It cannot be used for VHF or UHF antennasC. It requires special techniques to prevent water absorptionD. It cannot be used at below freezing temperatures
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T7C11 - What is a disadvantage of air core coaxial cable when compared to
foam or solid dielectric types?
A. It has more loss per footB. It cannot be used for VHF or UHF antennas
C. It requires special techniques to prevent water absorptionD. It cannot be used at below freezing temperatures
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T7C12 - Which of the following is a
common use of coaxial cable?
A. Carrying dc power from a vehicle battery to a mobile radioB. Carrying RF signals between a radio and antennaC. Securing masts, tubing, and other cylindrical objects on towersD. Connecting data signals from a TNC to a computer
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T7C12 - Which of the following is a
common use of coaxial cable?
A. Carrying dc power from a vehicle battery to a mobile radioB. Carrying RF signals between a radio and antennaC. Securing masts, tubing, and other cylindrical objects on towersD. Connecting data signals from a TNC to a computer
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T7C13 - What does a dummy load
consist of?
A. A high-gain amplifier and a TR switchB. A non-inductive resistor and a heat sinkC. A low voltage power supply and a DC relayD. A 50 ohm reactance used to terminate a transmission line
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T7C13 - What does a dummy load
consist of?
A. A high-gain amplifier and a TR switch
B. A non-inductive resistor and a heat sinkC. A low voltage power supply and a DC relayD. A 50 ohm reactance used to terminate a transmission line
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T7D – Basic repair and testing
soldering; using basic test instruments; connecting a voltmeter, ammeter, or
ohmmeter
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T7D01 - Which instrument would you use to measure electric potential or
electromotive force?
A. An ammeterB. A voltmeterC. A wavemeterD. An ohmmeter
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T7D01 - Which instrument would you use to measure electric potential or
electromotive force?
A. An ammeter
B. A voltmeterC. A wavemeterD. An ohmmeter
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T7D02 - What is the correct way to connect a voltmeter to a circuit?
A. In series with the circuitB. In parallel with the circuitC. In quadrature with the circuitD. In phase with the circuit
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T7D02 - What is the correct way to connect a voltmeter to a circuit?
A. In series with the circuit
B. In parallel with the circuitC. In quadrature with the circuitD. In phase with the circuit
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T7D03 - How is an ammeter usually
connected to a circuit?
A. In series with the circuitB. In parallel with the circuitC. In quadrature with the circuitD. In phase with the circuit
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T7D03 - How is an ammeter usually
connected to a circuit?
A. In series with the circuitB. In parallel with the circuitC. In quadrature with the circuitD. In phase with the circuit
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T7D04 - Which instrument is used to measure electric current?
A. An ohmmeterB. A wavemeterC. A voltmeterD. An ammeter
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T7D04 - Which instrument is used to measure electric current?
A. An ohmmeterB. A wavemeterC. A voltmeter
D. An ammeter
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T7D05 - What instrument is used to measure
resistance?
A. An oscilloscopeB. A spectrum analyzerC. A noise bridgeD. An ohmmeter
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T7D05 - What instrument is used to measure
resistance?
A. An oscilloscopeB. A spectrum analyzerC. A noise bridge
D. An ohmmeter
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T7D06 - Which of the following might damage
a multimeter?
A. Measuring a voltage too small for the chosen scaleB. Leaving the meter in the milliamps position overnightC. Attempting to measure voltage when using the resistance settingD. Not allowing it to warm up properly
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T7D06 - Which of the following might damage
a multimeter?
A. Measuring a voltage too small for the chosen scaleB. Leaving the meter in the milliamps position overnight
C. Attempting to measure voltage when using the resistance settingD. Not allowing it to warm up properly
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T7D07 - Which of the following
measurements are commonly made using a multimeter?
A. SWR and RF powerB. Signal strength and noiseC. Impedance and reactanceD. Voltage and resistance
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T7D07 - Which of the following
measurements are commonly made using a multimeter?
A. SWR and RF powerB. Signal strength and noiseC. Impedance and reactance
D. Voltage and resistance
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T7D08 - Which of the following types of solder is best for radio and electronic
use?
A. Acid-core solderB. Silver solderC. Rosin-core solderD. Aluminum solder
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T7D08 - Which of the following types of solder is best for radio and electronic
use?
A. Acid-core solderB. Silver solder
C. Rosin-core solderD. Aluminum solder
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T7D09 - What is the characteristic appearance of a cold solder joint?
A. Dark black spotsB. A bright or shiny surfaceC. A grainy or dull surfaceD. A greenish tint
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T7D09 - What is the characteristic appearance of a cold solder joint?
A. Dark black spotsB. A bright or shiny surface
C. A grainy or dull surfaceD. A greenish tint
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T7D10 - What is probably happening when an ohmmeter, connected across an unpowered
circuit, initially indicates a low resistance and then shows increasing resistance with time?
A. The ohmmeter is defectiveB. The circuit contains a large capacitorC. The circuit contains a large inductorD. The circuit is a relaxation oscillator
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T7D10 - What is probably happening when an ohmmeter, connected across an unpowered
circuit, initially indicates a low resistance and then shows increasing resistance with time?
A. The ohmmeter is defective
B. The circuit contains a large capacitorC. The circuit contains a large inductorD. The circuit is a relaxation oscillator
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T7D11 - Which of the following precautions should be taken when
measuring circuit resistance with an ohmmeter?
A. Ensure that the applied voltages are correctB. Ensure that the circuit is not poweredC. Ensure that the circuit is groundedD. Ensure that the circuit is operating at the correct frequency
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T7D11 - Which of the following precautions should be taken when
measuring circuit resistance with an ohmmeter?
A. Ensure that the applied voltages are correct
B. Ensure that the circuit is not poweredC. Ensure that the circuit is groundedD. Ensure that the circuit is operating at the correct frequency
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T7D12 - Which of the following precautions
should be taken when measuring high voltages with a voltmeter?
A. Ensure that the voltmeter has very low impedanceB. Ensure that the voltmeter and leads are rated for use at the voltages to be measuredC. Ensure that the circuit is grounded through the voltmeterD. Ensure that the voltmeter is set to the correct frequency
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T7D12 - Which of the following precautions
should be taken when measuring high voltages with a voltmeter?
A. Ensure that the voltmeter has very low impedance
B. Ensure that the voltmeter and leads are rated for use at the voltages to be measuredC. Ensure that the circuit is grounded through the voltmeterD. Ensure that the voltmeter is set to the correct frequency
105Station Equipment
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End ofSUBELEMENT T7
Station equipment: common transmitter and receiver problems;
antenna measurements; troubleshooting; basic repair and
testing
Station Equipment 2014