SUBCLASS ALISMATIDAE

ROQUE MERRICK A. DACULLOVISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Subclass 2. Alismatidae

Superorder 1. Acoranae

Order Acorales

Family Acoraceae

Superorder 2. Aranae

Arales

Araceae

Superorder 3. Alismatanae

Alismatales

Butomaceae

Alismataceae

Hydrocharitaceae

Potamogetonales

Potamogetonaceae

Acoraceae Acorus Family◦1 genus, 2 species

◦North temperate region, Paleotropical, Frigid zone, temperate, and subtropical, Celebes and New Guinea, Eastern Asia to Norway approaching the Arctic circle, Central and Western north America

Acoraceae Acorus FamilySALIENT FEATURES:

◦Marshy herbs with rhizomes

◦Lacking oxalate crystals

◦Spadix with0ut spathe

◦Flowers small, bisexual, tepals 6 in two whorls, stamens in two whorls, carpels 3, united

◦Fruit a berry

Acoraceae Acorus FamilyMAJOR GENERA:

Single genus Acorus with 2 species.

Acoraceae Acorus FamilyDESCRIPTION:

◦Aromatic, bears essential oils

◦Leaves alternate, parallel-veined, mesophyll with oil cells

◦Inflorescence scapigerous

◦Flowers small, bisexual, regular

◦Perianth with 6 tepals in two whorls

◦Gynoecium with 3, rarely 2 to 4 carpels, ovary superior, placentation axile

◦Fruit fleshy, berry, cotyledon 1

Acoraceae Acorus FamilyECONOMIC IMPORTANCE:

◦Rhizomes of A. calamus has ‘Oleum calami’ which is used in perfumery and medicine

Acoraceae Acorus FamilyPHYLOGENY:

◦Earlier included in Araceae

◦Hutchinson placed it under tribe Acorae

◦Grayum justified removal of Acorus from Araceae

◦Dahlgren and Cronquist included the family under Arales, Takhtajan and Thorne placed it under Acoranae from Aranae

◦APG II and Apweb placed it under Acorales at the beginning of monocots

Araceae Arum Family◦104 genera, 3,040 species

◦Mainly in tropical and subtropical regions

◦Very common in tropical forests and wetlands

◦Few in temperate regions

Araceae Arum FamilySALIENT FEATURES:

◦Terrestrial or aquatic, erect or climbing, with rhizomes or corms

◦Large leaves often mucilaginous, spadix with large spathe

◦Flowers very small

◦Fruit a berry or utricle

Araceae Arum FamilyMAJOR GENERA:

◦Anthurium (900 species)

◦Philodendron (500)

◦Arisaema (150)

◦Amorphophalus (100)

◦Pothos (55)

◦Dieffenbachia (40)

◦Syngonium (30)

Araceae Arum FamilyDESCRIPTION:

◦Terrestrial or aquatic, epiphytic or climbing (Pothos and Syngonium), sometimes free floating (Pistia)

◦Mucilaginous, raphide crystals of calcium oxalate, has mouth irritant chemicals

◦Leaves with sheathing base, alternate, petiolate or sessile, parallel, pinnate, or palmate venation

◦Perianth with 4-6 tepals in two whorls

◦Androecium 1-6 stamens in two whorls

◦Gynoecium with 2-3 carpels, ovary superior, unilocular, placentation apical, marginal

Acoraceae Acorus FamilyECONOMIC IMPORTANCE:

◦Horticultural ornamentals (Pothos, Alocasia, Arum, Dieffenbachia, Monstera, Philodendron, Zantedeschia and Syngonium)

◦Food (corms and fruits)

Acoraceae Acorus FamilyPHYLOGENY:

◦Monophyletic

◦APG II and Apweb place Acoraceae under separate order.

Butomaceae Flowering rush Family◦1 genus, single species Butomus umbellatus

◦North temperate region, widespread in Asia and Europe, naturalized in tropical America.

Butomaceae Flowering rush FamilySALIENT FEATURES:

◦Aquatic or marsh plants

◦Linear triquetrous leaves

◦Outer tinged green

◦Fruit etaerio of follicles

Butomaceae Flowering rush FamilyDESCRIPTION:

◦Secretory cavities present, with latex

◦Leaves parallel-veined

◦Inflorescence umbellate cymes

◦Flowers medium-sized, on long pedicels, trimerous, regular, bisexual

◦Perianth with 6 tepals

◦Androecium 9 stamens

◦Gynoecium 6 carpels

Butomaceae Flowering rush FamilyECONOMIC IMPORTANCE:

◦Ornamental, rhizomes edible when baked

Butomaceae Flowering rush FamilyPHYLOGENY:

◦Earlier placed under Alismaceae by Bentham and Hooker

◦Forms one aquatic clade together with Hydrocharitaceae and Alismataceae as supported by apomorphies of perianth differentiated into sepals and petals, stamens more than six and carpels more than three, and the ovules scattered over the inner surface pf locules (Judd, et al., 2002)

alismataceae Water Plantain Family◦12 genera, 80 species

◦Throughout the world

alismataceae Water Plantain FamilySALIENT FEATURES:

◦Aquatic or marsh habitat with laticifers

◦Leaves with well developed blade

◦Fruit an etaerio of achenes, embryo curved

alismataceae Water Plantain FamilyMAJOR GENERA:

◦Echinodorus (35 species)

◦Sagittaria (25 species)

◦Alisma (9 species)

◦Burnatia (3 species)

alismataceae Water Plantain FamilyDESCRIPTION:

◦With basal leaves, rhizomatous, with white latex

◦Root xylem with vessels, stem and leaves have none

◦Leaves submerged and emergent, alternate, pinnately or palmately veined with axillary scales

◦Inflorescence paniculate, cymose or racemose, sometimes umbellate or solitary

alismataceae Water Plantain FamilyECONOMIC IMPORTANCE:

◦Edible corms of Sagittaria sagittifolia

◦Poolside plants and aquarium plants in the genera of Sagittaria, Alisma, Echinodorus

alismataceae Water Plantain FamilyPHYLOGENY:

◦Redefined to shift all genera with laticifers, petioled leaves with expanded blades, seeds curved with embryos including other genera formerly included under Butomaceae

◦Butomaceae, Hydrocharitaceae and Alismataceae form one clade of Alismatales, supported by the apomorhpies of perianth differentiated into sepals and petals, stamens more than six and carpels more than three, with ovules scattered over inner surface of locules

hydrocharitaceae Tape Grass Family◦18 genera, 110 species

◦Mostly in tropical and subtropical regions

hydrocharitaceae Tape Grass FamilySALIENT FEATURES:

◦Freshwater or marine herbs, leaves submerged, usually ribbon-like

◦Flowers subtended by bracts

◦Fruit a capsule or a berry

hydrocharitaceae Tape Grass FamilyMAJOR GENERA:

◦Ottelia (32 species)

◦Najas (32 species)

◦Elodia (12 species)

◦Vallisneria (8 species)

◦Hydrocharis (6 species)

◦Halophila (4 species)

◦Hydrilla (1 species)

hydrocharitaceae Tape Grass FamilyDESCRIPTION:

◦Submerged or partly emergent, roots in mu or unattached

◦Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled

◦Solitary flower or short cymes subtended by two often connate bracts

◦Bisexual or unisexual flowers

◦Perianth with distinct sepals and petals

hydrocharitaceae Tape Grass FamilyECONOMIC IMPORTANCE:

◦Aquarium plants

◦Hydrilla verticillata, Elodea Canadensis have become troublesome weeds

hydrocharitaceae Tape Grass FamilyPHYLOGENY:

◦Family is divided into 3 to 5 subfamilies, forms a well0defined lineage

◦Apweb recognizes 7 well defined groups within Hydrocharitaceae as established by the studies of Les et al., (1997)

potamogetonaceae Pondweed Family◦3 genera, 90 species

◦Distributed throughout the world, in ponds, lakes, and ditches

potamogetonaceae Pondweed FamilySALIENT FEATURES:

◦Aquatic, leaves submerged or floating

◦Flowers in spike

◦Fruit etaerio of achenes

potamogetonaceae Pondweed FamilyMAJOR GENERA:

◦Potamogeton (83 species)

◦Coleogeton (6 species)

◦Groelandia (1 species)

potamogetonaceae Pondweed FamilyDESCRIPTION:

◦Perennial, rarely annual, with rhizomes, reduced vascular bundles, with air cavities

◦Leaves with sheathing at base , alternate or opposite, parallel venation, with small scales at nodes inner to sheath

◦Inflorescence terminal or axillary spike, long peduncle raised above water surface

◦Flowers regular, bisexual

◦Perianth 4 tepals , usually clawed

potamogetonaceae Pondweed FamilyECONOMIC IMPORTANCE:

◦Little economic importance but a source of food for aquatic life

◦Fleshy starchy rootstocks sometimes eaten

potamogetonaceae Pondweed FamilyPHYLOGENY:

◦Affinities not clear

◦Sometimes interpreted to include Ruppia and/ or Zannichellia

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