Main Objective

Thesis Hypothesis

Bringing up the main methods for enhancing the interior space cooling (blocking sun radiations, decreasing penetrating of external temp., and decreasing internal heat sources)

Identifying the guidelines and effectiveness for various passive cooling strategies (radiation, evaporation, ventilation, and shading) to achieve an efficient interior cooling.

Analyzing three case studies for office buildings that deal with technological natural cooling and ventilation systems.

Sub-targets

Identifying the parameters for passive cooling strategies in order to provide sustainable comfort interior spaces

The know how of designing a sustainable commercial building depends mainly on passive cooling techniques not on mechanical air conditioning

Identifying the main building sustainability development principals

Chapter one: Overview on the main considerations for sustainable building development

Chapter Two: Passive cooling considerations and strategies

Chapter Three: Natural ventilation techniques

Chapter Four: Advanced shading and solar control techniques

Chapter Five: Case Studies: Applying Various Passive Cooling Techniques and Sustainability Strategies on Office Buildings

Chapter Six: Conclusions, Recommendations, and Future Work

Thesis Methodology Thesis Contents

Theo

retic

al

Ana

lysi

s A

naly

tical

and

Com

para

tive

Ana

lytic

al M

etho

dolo

gy

Ded

uctio

n M

etho

dolo

gy

Passive Cooling Techniques for Enhancing the Building Sustainability Development

Chapter Five: Case Studies: Applying Various Passive Cooling

Techniques and Sustainability Strategies on Office Buildings

The BRE environmental building

The Terry Thomas: Weber Thompson’s new office building

Council House2 (CH2), Melbourne

Energy conservation

Site selection

Water conservation

Material conservation

Indoor environmental quality

Construction Wastes Management

Operations and Maintenance

Energy-Efficient electrical systems

passive design Building

alternative Sources of Energy

Passive heating

insulation

Daylighting

Chapter one: Overview on the main considerations for sustainable building development

Chapter Two: Passive cooling considerations and strategies for enhancing the building sustainability

Radiation

Evaporation

Ventilation

Shading

Enhancing the Internal Cooling

Passive Cooling Strategies

Blocking Direct Solar Radiation

Decreasing the Transmittance of External High Temperatures

Decreasing Internal Sources Emitting Heat Energy

Chapter Three: Cooling by natural ventilation

Chapter Four: Advanced shading and solar control techniquesInsulation

Suspended radiant cooling panels

Underground Geothermal cooling tubes

passive evaporative cooling towers

Double skin facades

Innovative wind catchers

Glass Louvers

Metal louvers

Fabric membrane stretch louvers

Natural Passive Cooling Strategies

Radiation

Evaporation

Ventilation

Shading

Solar controlGlazing technology

Radiant cooling capillary tubes

Concrete core system

Interactive Facades

Insulation

Council House 2 (CH2) Melbourne, Australia

Pearl River Tower Guangzhou, China

Masdar HeadquartersAbu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Passive Cooling

Stratigies

Radiation

Suspended radiant cooling panels

CH2 is designed to maintain the offices temperature between 21ºC-23ºC as a mean of air and radiant temperatures

The chilled panels cover 35 % of the curved ceiling. Solar thermal driven cooling and

dehumidification system

Chilled beams

Warm air coming from the ceiling is dragged down to be cooled by chilled beam and producing a curtain of cool air over the window

presence of chilled beams located in front of the windows around the perimeter of each office zone

Underground Geothermal

Cooling

A geothermal heat sink is used to provide cooling water, so 38 °C water in the mechanical system return loop cooled to 24 °C to feed the cooling power needed, reducing the size of the mechanical plant by about 30 percent

Earth ducts which reduce temperature of outside air and provide underground pedestrian passages

Comparison between three Case Studies: Applying Various

Passive Cooling Techniques and Sustainability Strategies on

Large Scale Office Buildings

Ventilation

Thermal massing and night cooling

Passive Stack Driven Ventilation

Vertical supply ducts on the south façade supply air to the offices through vents

The trapped hot air in the cavity is then extracted through the ceiling void until it is extracted to the vertical exhaustion ducts

Wind cones ventilates the building by exhausting warm air from the top and bringing cool air up from its lower levels

High performance Double Skin

Façades

•Blinds in the upper and lower part of the window •External plants on the northern façade •Double glazing in the western facade•Low conductor timber windows frames

It consists of a double glazed insulated unit with integral spandrel panel in a 3.0 x 3.9m unitized panel with a cavity space 200mm

Low points of the vaulted ceiling is automatically opened at night

High-thermal-mass exterior glass cladding blocks direct solar radiations and decreases the internal cooling loads

Evaporation Passive Evaporative Cooling Towers

five shower towers that condition the air in the ground floor

Shading

Glass Louvers

A motorized 50mm perforated silver Venetian blind is in the east and west double facades

roof with PV cells on the external side in order to reduce the solar gain

Wood louvers

The western façade is shaded by shutters made of recycled timber

Energy Efficient and Sustainable

Features

Natural lighting

• Windows are located at the highest point • visible light transmittance glazing• Lighting shelves• Movable timber shutter• Glare control

integrated glass façade is providing high visual transmittance, enhancing daylight harvesting, and allowing for a reduction in the amount of artificial lighting required

staggered cones bring daylight deep inside the 1.5-million-square-foot complex. They are made from glass angled at 15-22 degrees that reflect between 15-20% of the light

Water conservation

•Water recycling•Rain water harvesting•Water saving plumbing fixtures

•Using harvested water from chilled surfaces to control interior humidity.• Reusing and recycling water to be

used for interior plantings and toilet flushing.• Using ultra Low Flow toilets, low

flow sinks and waterless

• Graywater is treated and stored for landscaping• Rainwater is collected and stored as well

Sustainable construction

The building contains about 88% recycled contents (Timber western External metal cladding shutters, Structural Concrete, Wastes reduction)

The building is constructed from high recycled materials content such as the use of recycled steel rather than concrete.

Energy generation

•Natural gas micro-turbine•Wind-driven turbines•Solar Power - Photovoltaic cells•Solar hot water panels

The building design incorporated three power-generating technologies: wind turbines, integrated photovoltaic and hydrogen fuel cell.

The 72,000 sq m roof contains one of the world's largest building integrated PV displays, it provides energy during building construction and during the building usage.

Building Performance

Consume 70 percent less water compared with typical mixed-use buildings of the same size.Passive cooling strategies reduce the building energy consumption by 61.5 % from the annual energy consumption

Passive cooling strategies reduce the energy consumption by 44% from the annual energy consumption.

Reduction of electricity consumption by 85%,Reduction of gas consumption by 87%,Reduction of water mains supply by 72% from 31 liters per day per person to just 8.4 litres per day per person.Light fittings consume 65% less energy,

Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8