Style Approach to Leadership
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Transcript of Style Approach to Leadership
Style Approach to Leadership
Comparison of Two Presidential ApproachesCaroline O’Leary, Michael Leidig, Cate Kelly, Woosung Hwang and Kathleen
DelPrete
Overview Style approach description The results of research studies How the approach works Analysis of President’s Kennedy & Reagan Cultural perspective
Style Approach: Description
The Style approach emphasizes the behavior of the leader
The approach focuses on what the leaders do and how they act in situations
Studies / Research about the approach Ohio State University (Stogdill, 1948, 1963)
University of Michigan (Cartwright & Zander, 1960; Katz & Kahn, 1951; Likert, 1961, 1967)
Blake and Mouton (Blake & McCanse, 1991; Blake & Mouton, 1964, 1978, 1985)
Breakdown of the Style Approach Task behavior - The leader is concerned about
production, goal attainment
Relationship behavior - The leader is concerned that the group members are being comfortable with themselves and working with others
“Purpose of the approach is to explain how the leaders combine these two kinds of behaviors to influence subordinates in their efforts reach a goal.”
Style Approach: StudiesOhio State University
Results
Initiating Structure: (task behaviors) organizing work, giving structure to the work context, defining role responsibilities, scheduling work activities.
Consideration: (relationship behaviors) building camaraderie, respect, trust, and liking between leaders and followers.
Product Orientation: (task behaviors) focus on technical and production aspects, workers viewed as the means to getting work accomplished.
Employee Orientation: (relationship behaviors) strong human relations emphasis, value individuality, interested in subordinates as human beings, pay attention to personal needs.
University of Michigan Results
Rela
tion
ship
Task
Major Styles of Leadership Grid Authority-Compliance (9,1) Country Club Management (1,9) Impoverished Management (1,1) Middle-of-the-Road Management (5,5) Team Management (9,9) Paternalism/Maternalism (1, 9; 9,1) Opportunism
Paternalism / Maternalism
Opportunism
Style Approach: Kennedy Opportunistic:
Team Management Style
Foreign Policy: Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis Alliance for Progress Vietnam Communism
Kennedy: Cuban Missile Crisis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5OOGA-xrL
yg
Style Approach: Kennedy Domestic Policy:
“New Frontier” Civil Rights Space Program
Reagan: Shared Vision http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pbp0hur9RU
Style Approach: Regan Opportunistic:
The Great Communicator Team Management Style
Communism vs. The American Dream Authority-Compliance Management
The “Teflon President” Impoverished Management Iran-Contra
Cultural Perspectives How societal/cultural settings influence:
Leadership perception Processes of followers Ways perceived leadership effectiveness can be
achieved Two cultural dimensions:
Collectivism/individualism Masculinity/femininity
Two types of leadership perception modes: Recognition-based Inference-based processes
Cultural settings insights
Crisis Management & Style The Cuban missile crisis :
Anatomy of a Controversy
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan : Superpower crisis & the second cold war
Kennedy & Cuban Missile Crisis The Cuban Missile Crisis Reaction of Kennedy's leadership to crisis Russian: Before & After Stalin Era Relationship between The United States
and Latin America South Korean: Cuban Missile Crisis & North
Korean Missile Crisis Communism vs. Capitalism
Reagan & the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan The Soviet War in Afghanistan
Reaction of Reagan's leadership of The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan: Russian: USSR should admit we are loser of
Cold war?
South Korean: South Korea and the US are strong allies?
Style Conclusion Similarities between two administrations