STUFF MOVING:

FORCES and Forces of NatureChapters

9 + 17

Be Prepared to be

BLOWN AWAYBy how much you already know

about physical science!(a little hurricane humor)

If a hockey puck sits on the ice….• Will it start moving?• If it starts moving, will it

stop moving?• Would it be harder to

stop a normal puck or a 100X bigger puck?

• What would happen to your stick if you hit the bigger puck?

Why do things move + stop?

Why (else) do things move?

When things move:

• Tend to go from ___________ to __________– Unless acted on by a force

• Ex’s

That’s your overview of 8th grade science

• The rest is specifics• Can you apply those ideas to things you

remember from 7th grade?– Cell membranes– Photosynthesis– Cellular respiration– Protein synthesis– Humans

Ch 9: Heat and States of MatterThings we need to know (some is review)

• Kinetic Theory: matter (stuff the Earth is made of) is comprised of particles (atoms, molecules, and ions) that are always in random motion– Random: – Moving, so have ____________– Collisions:

Temperature/Thermal Energy/Heat

• What’s the difference?– Temperature

– Thermal energy

– Heat

– Specific heat

States of Matter

Attractive forces

Molecules move (KE)

Fixed arrangements

Definite shape

Definite volume

Density

Changing States of Matter

Thermal expansion

Energy FlowEnergy (heat) flows from____ to _____

Convection Conduction Radiation

REVIEW: Polarity of water

• Atoms want to have ____ electrons• H has _ electron, will tend to give it away to

have a ____ charge• O has ___ electrons will tend to take to have a

___ charge

Some effects of the polarity of water

• Cohesive (sticks to other water molecules)

• Affects other substances

• Affects crystal form of ice

Ch 17: Weather and Climate

• Plants need _____ for photosynthesis• Most organisms need ___ for cellular

respiration• All the gasses in the air are together called the

__________________________: • Gasses stay close to Earth because of

_________________• Stronger closer to Earth, so more gas molecules

Layers of the Atmosphere

Stuff in the atmosphere• Ozone

• Heat: originally from________– radiation • From Sun• Back from Earth

– Absorption• Seasons:• Different surfaces:

Stuff in the atmosphere: Water• Greenhouse gas• Clouds– Part of the water cycle– Different kinds associated with different weather

Water cycle (why work? KE, polarity, g)

Wind- why does air move?

• The Earth moves

• Convection currents

• Air Pressure and Pressure Differences

Global Winds:convection currents, Earth’s rotation, +friction

High and Low Pressure systems• Lots of air sinking, because it’s cooling = more

molecules in air = ____________ pressure

• Lots of air rising, because it’s warmer = less molecules in air = _____________ pressure

High + Low systems, air flowThings tend to move from _____ to ________1. Causes winds when large masses of air move

from a large H to a large L2. Around a high or low, air will move ________

a H and _________ from a L3. Revolution of the Earth causes flowing air

around a H or L to bend = Coriolis Effect

This is a lot of background info, when do we get to the hurricane

stuff?• Now--- or rather,

Saturday, August 27

•Hurricane Irene

Extreme Weather• Thunderstorms

• Hail

• Tornados

Hurricanes • http://www.brainpop.com/science/weatherandclimate/

• http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/sevweath/swhoware.html • Hurricanes form over _________ water with lots of evaporation. Kind of

like a super __________ pressure system

• http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/sevweath/swdamage.html • Hurricane damage is usually from: the hurricane force wind, __________,

__________, or ________________ formed by the hurricane

• http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hurr/mvmt.rxml • Hurricanes move along usual global wind pathways, but lose power if they

travel over land or into _________water

Climate

• Interactions between:– Biosphere– Atmosphere– Cryosphere– Hydrosphere– Lithosphere

Climatic differences• Latitude

• Prevailing winds

• Precipitation

Climatic differences• Oceans (and where they are wrt winds)

• Mountains

Changing Climates

• Seasonal changes

• Long Term changes

Global warming

• Sunspot cycles

• CO2 in the atmosphere + carbon cycle

• Ozone hole