STUDY PROGRAM 2011/2012 Subjects of the Preclinical module...

UP MS Dentistry major – subjects of the Preclinical Module – academic year of 2012/2013

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The University of Pécs Medical School

DENTISTRY Major

STUDY PROGRAM 2011/2012

Subjects of the

Preclinical module (obligatory subjects)


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OSPBPR INTERNAL MEDICINE: PROPAEDEUTICS

Course director: DR. ISTVÁN WITTMANN , professor 2nd Department of Internal Medicine

3 credit ▪ semester exam ▪ Pre-clinical module ▪ spring semester ▪ recommended semester: 6

Number of hours/semester: 14 lectures + 28 practices + 0 seminars = total of 42 hours. Headcount limitations (min-max.): min. 1 – max. 150

Prerequisites: OSAET1 completed + OSANAN completed

Topic Introducing into internal medicine. The main aim of this topic to develop skills in history taking and physical examination.

Conditions for acceptance of the semester The maximum permitted number of absences is 3 practices.

Making up for missed classes.

The maximum permitted number of absences is 3 practices. Each further missed practice has to be made up for during the semester period.

Reading material Bickley L.S.: Bates Guide to Physical examination and history taking. 9th edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 2007.

Lectures 1. Introduction. The principles of physical examination. Dr. Fábián György 2. Techniques of physical examination. Physical examination of the head and neck region. Dr. Fábián György 3. History taking in chest and lung diseases. Dr. Fábián György 4. Physical examination of the chest and lung. Dr. Fábián György 5. Disorders of the respiratory system (pneumonia, bronchial asthma, pleural effusion, tumors). Dr. Fábián György 6. History taking in cardiovascular diseases. Physical examination of the cardiovascular system I. Dr. Fábián György 7. Physical examination of the cardiovascular system II. Dr. Fábián György 8. Symptoms and signs of common cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart disease, valvular diseases, heart failure). Dr. Fábián György 9. Symptoms of the abdominal diseases. Dr. Fábián György 10. Physical examination of the abdomen. Dr. Fábián György 11. Common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Dr. Fábián György 12. Symptoms and signs of the metabolic disorders. Dr. Wittmann István 13. Symptoms and signs of common renal diseases (glomerolumephritis, nephrotic syndrome, urinary tract infections). Dr. Nagy Judit 14. Symptoms and signs of common haematological diseases. Dr. Fábián György

Practices The themes of the practices follow the themes of the lectures.

Seminars

Exam topics/questions The exam is at bedside and focus on the skill of the student about history taking and physical examination.

Participants Dr. Fábián György (FAGHAAE.PTE), Dr. Szigeti Nóra (SZNMAAO.PTE)


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OSPFL1 PROSTHODONTICS 1

Course director: DR. GYULA SZABÓ, professor Dept. of Dentistry, Oral-, Maxillofacial Surgery



Prerequisites: OSPFPP completed + OSPOFO parallel + OSPSZP parallel

Topic The aim of this course is to present the advantages and disadvantages of different therapeutical methods.

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

Making up for missed classes No possibility

Reading material Prosthodontic Treatment for Edentulous Patients G Zarb et al.

Lectures 1. Introduction, Edentulism and Overview of Complete Denture Treatment Dr. Szabó Gyula 2. Clinical anatomy of lower jaw and mandibular impression Dr. Szabó Gyula 3. Clinical anatomy of upper jaw and maxillary impressions Dr. Szabó Gyula 4. Laboratory procedures of second model fabrications Dr. Szabó Gyula 5. Recording the jaw relations Dr. Szabó Gyula 6. Anterior tooth setting Dr. Szabó Gyula 7. Posterior tooth setting Dr. Szabó Gyula 8. Concepts of occlusion Dr. Szabó Gyula 9. Festooning and processing of complete denture bases Dr. Szabó Gyula 10. Insertion appointment for complete dentures Dr. Szabó Gyula 11. Repair and maintenance of complete removable dentures Dr. Szabó Gyula 12. Copy denture techniques, indications and contraindications Dr. Szabó Gyula 13. Reocclusion and remontage techniques Dr. Szabó Gyula 14. Consultation Dr. Szabó Gyula

Practices Technical laboratory works and organized edentulous patient treatments

Seminars

Exam topics/questions 1. Consequences of edentulous state 2. Clinical anatomy of the maxilla 3. Clinical anatomy of the mandible 4. Retention of the upper CD 5. Retention of the lower CD 6. Examination of the edentulous patient. Anatomic impression and the cast 7. Different methods for functional impressions 8. Functional impression on the maxilla


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9. Functional impression on the mandible 10. Processing of CD. The remounting technique 11. Functional impression on edentulous lower jaw 12. Protective methods for preventing the non stress bearing places. The acrylic base method 13. Recording the vertical dimension of CR 14. Recording the horizontal dimension of CR 15. Occludors, articulators 16. Movements of the mandibule and their importance in prosthodontics 17. The Christensen effect and its importance 18. Arrangement of artificial teeth 19. The trial denture 20. Processing of complete denture. The remounting 21. Copy of the denture 22. Maintenance of the complete denture 23. Relining and rebasing. Repair of CD. Test 24. Recording of the neutral zone 25. Reasons of edentulous state

Participants Dr. Marada Gyula (MAGFABO.PTE)


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OSPFPP PROSTHODONTICS: BASICS

Course director: DR. GYULA SZABÓ, professor Dept. of Dentistry, Oral-, Maxillofacial Surgery

3 credit ▪ semester exam ▪ Pre-clinical module ▪ autumn semester ▪ recommended semester: 5


Prerequisites: OSAANY completed + OSAET2 completed + OSANAN completed

Topic The aim of this course is to inform students about clinical and technological aspects of fixed and removable partial dentures.

Conditions for acceptance of the semester According to the Code of Studies Successful passing of all practical requirements is essential for signature the semester

Making up for missed classes none

Reading material Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics HT Shillinburg, SH Hobo, LD Whitsett, R Jacobi, SE Brackett Designing Partial Dentures DM Watt, AR Macgregor

Lectures 1. Principles of removable partial dentures fabrication. Dr. Szabó Gyula 2. Stone cast fabrication and the importance of prosthetic equator. Dr. Szabó Gyula 3. Treatment plan and design of clasp-retained dentures Dr. Szabó Gyula 4. Treatment plan and design of metal framework for removable partial denture Dr. Szabó Gyula 5. Record of central relation and occlusion Dr. Szabó Gyula 6. The technology of clasp fabrication Dr. Szabó Gyula 7. Preliminary arrangement of artificial teeth Dr. Szabó Gyula 8. Clinical requirements of trial denture Dr. Szabó Gyula 9. Flasking and processing of dentures Dr. Szabó Gyula 10. Clinical aspects of RPD insertion Dr. Szabó Gyula 11. Repair and maintenance of removable partial dentures Dr. Szabó Gyula 12. Biomechanical principles of tooth preparation 1. Dr. Szabó Gyula 13. Biomechanical principles of tooth preparation 2. Preparation for full crown restoration Dr. Szabó Gyula 14. Model fabrication for fixed partial denture Dr. Szabó Gyula 15. Tooth preparation for porcelain fused metal crown restoration Dr. Szabó Gyula 16. Odontotechnology of porcelain fused metal crowns Dr. Szabó Gyula 17. Provisional crown restorations, materials and techniques Dr. Szabó Gyula 18. Principles of CAM/CAM procedures in crown fabrication Dr. Szabó Gyula 19. CAD/CAM technology for laser sintered crown restorations Dr. Szabó Gyula


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20. Ceramic design for metal frame work fabricated with lost wax technique or CAD/CAM Dr. Szabó Gyula 21. Types of jacket crowns. Preparation for full ceramic crown restoration Dr. Szabó Gyula 22. Odontotechnology of full ceramic restorations Dr. Szabó Gyula 23. Prepared tooth restoration for canal treated teeth Dr. Szabó Gyula 24. Odontotechnology of post and core Dr. Szabó Gyula 25. Design of bridge construction Dr. Szabó Gyula 26. Odontotechnology of bridges Dr. Szabó Gyula 27. Consultation Dr. Szabó Gyula 28. Consultation Dr. Szabó Gyula

Practices 1. Impression taking for RPD, design of clasp-retained dentures 2. Working model fabrication and use of surveyor 3. Recording of CR and mounting on articulator 4. Arrangement of artificial teeth 5. Arrangement of artificial teeth, clasp fabrication 6. Preparation of trial denture for flasking 7. Flasking and processing of denture 8. Repair of denture 9. Full crown preparation on molars 10. Impression, sectional cast and mounting the cast into the articulator 11. Wax pattern fabrication 12. Full ceramic crown preparation on upper front teeth 13. Post and core preparation on extracted tooth 14. Pattern fabrication for post and core

Seminars

Exam topics/questions 1. Full metal crown preparation 2. Odontotechnology of casted crowns 3. Porcelain-fused-to-metal crown preparation 4. Odontotechnology of metal-ceramic crowns 5. Clinical procedures of casted crown fabrication 6. Odontotechnical procedures of casted crown fabrication 7. Jacket crown preparation 8. Odontotechnology of jacket crowns 9. Classification of impression trays and their preparation for impression taking 10. Steps of acrylic crown fabrication in dental laboratory 11. Clinical procedures of casted bridge fabrication 12. Odontotechnical procedures of casted bridge fabrication 13. Direct pattern fabrication and the armamentarium of post and core 14. Clinical crown and root canal preparation for post and core 15. Option of impression taking for fixed prosthodontics 16. Methods and armamentarium of working casts and dies fabrication 17. Instrumentation of crown preparation 18. Wax pattern fabrication for fixed prosthodontics 19. Parts of RPD structure 20. Types and classification of clasps 21. Impression taking for RPD and the design of RPDs 22. Odontotechnology of RPD wit h framework: waxing the partial denture framework and the casting procedure 23. The general guidelines in design of rests, seats and retainers of RPD 24. Use of dental surveyor


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25. Requirements for record base 26. Types of articulators, mounting the cast on the articulator 27. Recording of CR and CD for RPD 28. Guidelines of static and dynamic arrangement of denture teeth 29. Requirements for trial denture 30. Processing of RPD. Flasking and polymer technologies 31. Clinical procedures of RPD fabrication 32. Odontotechnical procedures of RPD fabrication 33. Repair and maintenance fo RPD Practical exam questions 1. Full metal crown preparation on upper molar tooth 2. Metal-ceramic crown preparation on upper premolar tooth 3. Full veneer crown preparation on upper front tooth 4. Impression and cast fabrication for full veneer crown 5. Full-ceramic crown preparation 6. Core and root canal preparation, direct modelling of dovel core 7. Impression, cast fabrication for bridgework 8. Mounting sectional cast on the articulator, the split-cast technique 9. Carving of wax rim, mounting the cast on the articulator 10. Wax pattern fabrication for bridgework 11. Impression from the upper and lower jaws for RPD, cast fabrication, relief 12. Clasp bending 13. Relief on upper and lower casts and record base fabrication 14. Repair of denture base 15. Defining the borders of the custom tray 16. Repair of broken clasp 17. Repair of missing tooth 18. Defining the prosthetic equator and insertion of RPD



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OSPFSP ORTHODONTICS: BASICS

Course director: DR. GYULA TAMÁS SZABÓ, assistant lecturer Dept. of Dentistry, Oral-, Maxillofacial Surgery



Prerequisites: OSAANY completed + OSAET2 completed + OSANAN completed

Topic

Conditions for acceptance of the semester Before the exam a minimum test have to written.

Making up for missed classes No possibility

Reading material

Lectures 1. The base of orthodontics, normal development I (embryology) Dr. Szabó Gyula Tamás 2. The base of orthodontics, normal development II (perinatal, postnatal development) Dr. Szabó Gyula Tamás 3. The base of orthodontics, normal development III (development of face) Dr. Szabó Gyula Tamás 4. Orthodontic terminology Dr. Szabó Gyula Tamás 5. Development anomalies of the teeth Dr. Szabó Gyula Tamás 6. Orthodontic materials Dr. Szabó Gyula Tamás 7. Biological base of toothmovement I Dr. Szabó Gyula Tamás 8. Biological base of toothmovement II Dr. Szabó Gyula Tamás 9. Orthodontic appliances I Dr. Szabó Gyula Tamás 10. Orthodontic appliances II Dr. Szabó Gyula Tamás 11. Orthodontical diagnosis I (clinical examination) Dr. Szabó Gyula Tamás 12. Orthodontical diagnosis II (orthodontic anomalies) Dr. Szabó Gyula Tamás 13. Orthodontical diagnosis III (x-ray methods) Dr. Szabó Gyula Tamás 14. Orthodontical diagnosis IV (modell, function, profil) Dr. Szabó Gyula Tamás

Practices 1. Plaster moulding 2. Plaster moulding 3. Wire bending I. (Adams clip) 4. Wire bending II. (Adams clip) 5. Wire bending III. (simple hook) 6. Wire bending IV. (double hook) 7. Wire bending V. (labial arch) 8. Preparing an orthodontic appliance (demonstration) 9. Measurements on cephalometrical x-ray I. 10. Measurements on cephalometrical x-ray II. 11. X-ray (OP, PA, CT) examinations 12. Measurements on modells I. 13. Measurements on modells II. 14. Measurements on modells III.


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Seminars

Exam topics/questions 1. Base of orthodontics 2. Odontogenesis 3. Perinatal development of the jaws and the face 4. Normal process of the development from the perinatal period to the complete decidous dentition 5. Normal development of the jaws from the decidious dentition until the end of growth 6. Development and change of the dentition 7. Periods of growth and it’s forecast 8. Development anomalies of the teeth 9. Orthodontical anomalies 10. Biological base of toothmovement 11. Removable ortodontical appliances, structure, preparation 12. Fixed ortodontical appliances, structure, preparation 13. Steps of orthodontical diagnosis 14. Orthodontic x-ray diagnosis 15. Cephalometrics 16. Employment and elaboration of materials in the Orthodontics 17. Types of multiband appliances

Participants Dr. Szabó Gyula Tamás (SZGFAOO.PTE)


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OSPKO1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1

Course director: DR. ÁKOS KOLLER , professor Department of Pathophysiology and Gerontology



Prerequisites: OSABK2 completed + OSAET2 completed

Topic Pathophysiology-1 connects basic functional and clinical subjects. Together with other preclinical subjects, it deals mainly with etiology, time-course, clinical symptoms and possible pharmacological or other interventions related to abnormalities of the cardiovascular, respiratory, hematological and renal systems, as well as with disorders of salt/water and pH balance.

Conditions for acceptance of the semester Active participation in the lectures and seminars, less than 15% (maximum 3 weeks) absence from seminars, minimum 50% score on the 2 mid-semester tests.

Making up for missed classes Minimum 50% test score on the respective seminar topics.

Reading material Basic Concepts in Pathophysiology (ed.: M. Székely), ÁOK PTE, 2007 (Color Atlas of Pathophysiology /S. Silbernagl, F. Lang/, Thieme Stuttgart - New York, 2000)

Lectures 1. Heart failure. Dr. Balaskó Márta 2. Peripheral circulatory failure: vasovagal syncope, circulatory shock (definition, forms and their causes, phases). Dr. Balaskó Márta 3. The consequences of circulatory shock. Pathophysiology of coronary circulation. Dr. Balaskó Márta 4. Pathophysiology of the cerebral and pulmonary circulation. Dr. Balaskó Márta 5. Hypertension. Dr. Balaskó Márta 6. Pathophysiology of the regulation and mechanics of breathing. Dr. Balaskó Márta 7. Ventilation/perfusion mismatch. Disorders of the alveolo-capillary diffusion. Dr. Balaskó Márta 8. Restrictive/obstructive respiratory disorders, dyspnea. Dr. Balaskó Márta 9. Pathophysiology of the glomerular and tubular functions. Dr. Balaskó Márta 10. Chronic renal failure, uremia, uremic coma. Dr. Balaskó Márta 11. Pathophysiology of the salt-water balance. Dr. Balaskó Márta 12. Disorders of the pH regulation. Dr. Balaskó Márta 13. Pathophysiology of the red blood cell system. Dr. Balaskó Márta 14. Pathophysiology of hemostasis. Dr. Balaskó Márta

Practices

Seminars 1. Heart failure I. 2. Heart failure II. 3. Vasoval syncope, circulatory shock (definition, forms and their respective causes, phases). 4. Hemodynamic parameters of different types of circulatory shock. Consequences of circulatory shock. 5. Pathophysiology of coronary circulation. 6. Failure of the coronary circulation, reversible and irreversible consequences.


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7. Pathophysiology of pulmonary circulation. 8. Etiology and general pathophysiology of hypertension. 9. Complications of hypertension, pathophysiological principles of treatment. 10. Arrhythmias in the dental practice. 11. Alveolar hypoventilation. 12. Alveolar hyperventilation. 13. Respiratory failure I. 14. Respiratory failure II. 15. Cardio-respiratory adaptation to physical exercise I. 16. Cardio-respiratory adaptation to physical exercise II. 17. Pathophysiology of glomerular and tubular functions. 18. Acute renal failure. 19. Uremia, uremic coma I. 20. Uremia, uremic coma II. 21. Abnormalities of the volume and osmoregulation I. 22. Abnormalities of the volume and osmoregulation II. 23. Metabolic acidosis. 24. Metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis and alkalosis. 25. Anemias I. 26. Anemias II. Polycythemias. 27. Pathophysiology of hemostasis. 28. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

Exam topics/questions Cardiovascular adaptation in health and disease. Causes and forms of heart failure. Forward failure symptoms (left- and right-sided) in heart failure. Backward failure symptoms (left- and right-sided) in heart failure. High output cardiac failure. Collaps, vasovagal syncope, and other circulatory abnormalities leading to loss of consciousness. Definition and classification of circulatory shock. Pathophysiology of development, phases and characteristics of

microcirculation. Hypovolemic shock: causes and hemodynamics. Cardiogenic shock: causes and hemodynamics. Distributive shock: causes and hemodynamics. Organ manifestations of shock. Pathogenesis of coronary insufficiency. Risk factors. Pathomechanism and consequences of acute myocardial infarction. Mechanisms and consequences of chronic ischemic heart disease. Regulation of cerebral circulation in health and disease. Cerebral hypoxia, ischemia, stroke. Characteristics and disorders of splanchnic blood flow. Pulmonary hypertension. General pathophysiology and classification of systemic hypertension. Age and blood pressure. Hypertension and the kidneys (reciprocal connection). Hypertension and the adrenal gland. Primary hypertension: characteristics and etiological factors. Consequences of hypertension. Arrhythmias in the dental practice. Disorders of the control of breathing. Sleep-apnea syndrome. The work of breathing. Abnormalities of elastic resistance, restrictive disorders.


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Abnormalities of airway resistance and their consequences. Causes and consequences of chronic obstructive lung diseases (COPD). Emphysema.

Alveolar hypoventilation: causes and consequences. Acute and chronic alveolar hyperventilation. Ventilation-perfusion mismatch (V/Q): causes and consequences. Disorders of alveolo-capillary diffusion. Global and partial respiratory failure. Disorders of oxygen transport (abnormal hemoglobin, CO-poisoning, methemoglobinemia). Forms and mechanisms of hypoxia. Ways of compensation. Cyanosis. Dyspnea. Forms, general pathophysiology and consequences of anemia. Deficiency anemia. Hemolytic anemia. Polycythemia. Bleeding abnormalities due to platelet or vascular factors. Congenital and acquired coagulopathies. Thrombosis: causes and consequences. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Granulocytes in inflammatory processes. Pathophysiology of glomerular filtration. Disorders of tubular functions. Proteinuria. Hyposthenuria, asthenuria, osmotic diuresis. Chronic renal failure: causes, characteristics and progression. Metabolic disorders and organ dysfunctions in uremia. Uremic coma. Acute renal failure: occurrence, general features. Compensation of pH-abnormalities (plasma and intracellular puffers, respiration, kidney) and their disturbances. Metabolic acidosis: causes, compensation, consequences. Metabolic alkalosis: causes, compensation, consequences. Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis: causes, compensation, consequences. Mechanisms and disturbances of volume regulation. States of decreased extracellular volume, and their consequences. States of elevated extracellular volume: causes, mechanisms and consequences. Hyperosmolarity, hypertonicity. Forms, causes, consequences. Hypotonicity: pathogenesis and consequences. Disorders of potassium balance. Hypo- and hyperkalemia. Note: „A” chance: test-exam on basis of the above topics. For „B” and „C” chances: oral exam on basis of 3 questions from the

list above.

Participants Dr. Balaskó Márta (BAMMAAO.PTE), Dr. Rittmann-né Pétervári Erika (PEEFAAO.PTE), Dr. Solymár Margit (SOMFAAO.PTE)


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OSPKO2 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2

Course director: DR. ÁKOS KOLLER , professor Department of Pathophysiology and Gerontology



Prerequisites: OSPKO1 completed

Topic Pathophysiology-2 deals with the etiology, time-course and clinical symptoms, as well as with possible pharmacological and other interventions in disorders of the gastrointestinal system, energy balance, intermediary metabolism and the endocrine systems.

Conditions for acceptance of the semester Active participation in the lectures and seminars, less than 15% (maximum 3 weeks) absence from seminars, minimum 50% score on the 2 mid-semester tests.

Making up for missed classes Minimum 50% test score on the respective seminar topics.

Reading material Basic Concepts in Pathophysiology (ed.: M. Székely), ÁOK PTE, 2007 (Color Atlas of Pathophysiology /S. Silbernagl, F. Lang/, Thieme Stuttgart - New York, 2000)

Lectures 1. Gastroenterology (pathophysiology of the esophageal and gastric functions). Dr. Balaskó Márta 2. Diarrhea Dr. Balaskó Márta 3. Pathophysiology of liver functions (intermediary metabolism, jaundice). Dr. Balaskó Márta 4. Energy intake, metabolism. Dr. Balaskó Márta 5. Overfeeding, obesity. Dr. Balaskó Márta 6. Pathophysiology of thermoregulation. Dr. Balaskó Márta 7. Etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus syndromes. Dr. Balaskó Márta 8. Chronic consequences of diabetes mellitus syndromes. Dr. Balaskó Márta 9. Disorders of protein metabolism. Dr. Balaskó Márta 10. Abnormalities of lipid metabolism. Dr. Balaskó Márta 11. Disorders of the hypothalamus-pituitary system. Pituitary deficiency. Dr. Balaskó Márta 12. Abnormalities if the thyroid functions (hypofunction). Dr. Balaskó Márta 13. Glucocortoid therapy. Dr. Balaskó Márta 14. Complex topics: gerontology. Dr. Balaskó Márta

Practices

Seminars 1. Gastroenterology (vomiting, peptic ulcer). 2. Diarrhea. 3. Maldigestion, melabsorption. Bowel obstruction. 4. Pancreatitis (acute, chronic). 5. Pathophysiology of liver function (portal hypertension, ascites, cirrhosis). 6. Hepatic coma. Hepatorenal syndrome.


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7. Total starvation. 8. Partial starvation. 9. Etiology and pathogenesis of obesity. 10. Complications of obesity, metabolic syndrome. 11. Cold-defence and cold-induced disorders. Warm-defence and heat-induced disorders. 12. Fever and sickness-behavior. 13. Diabetes mellitus syndromes: pathomechanism. Acute complications of diabetes mellitus syndromes I. 14. Acute complications of diabetes mellitus syndromes II. 15. Chronic complications of diabetes mellitus syndromes. 16. Hypoglycemias. 17. Disorders of protein metabolism. 18. Disorders of nucleic acid metabolism. Gout. 19. Abnormalities of lipid metabolism. 20. Pathomechanisms of atherosclerosis. 21. Causes and consequences of hyperprolactinemia. Disorders of growth. 22. Disorders of thyroid functions (hyperfunctions). 23. Hypo- and hyper-functions of the adrenal medulla. 24. Hypo- and hyper-functions of the adrenal cortex. 25. Parathyroidea, disorders of calcium metabolism and bone remodelling I. 26. Parathyroidea, disorders of calcium metabolism and bone remodelling II. 27. Complex topics: tissue injury, trauma, sepsis. 28. MODS (multiple organ dysfunctions).

Exam topics/questions Saliva production and its role in dental health and oral mucosal protection. Disorders of gastric filling and emptying. Gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Vomiting (acute, chronic). Disorders of gastric juice production. Peptic ulcer. Utilization of nutrients and its disorders. Maldigestions. Specific malabsorption syndromes (level or substrate of disorder). Complex malabsorption syndromes. Diarrhea: causes, pathophysiological forms, consequences. Bowel obstruction. Acute pancreatitis: pathophysiology and consequences. Pathophysiology of chronic pancreatitis. Disorders of intermediary metabolism in general liver cell damage. Jaundice. Portal hypertension, ascites. Hepatorenal syndrome. Hepatic coma. Water-soluble vitamins. Fat-soluble vitamins. Complete starvation: occurrence and process. Partial starvation, accelerated forms of energetic insufficiency. Anorexia nervosa. Protein deficiency. Protein-calorie malnutrition. Consequences of excessive protein intake. Etiology and pathogenesis of obesity. Consequences of obesity. Therapeutic possibilities. Metabolic syndrome. Cold-defense and cold-induced disorders. Warm-defense and heat-induced disorders. Heat stroke and malignant hyperthermia. Pathogenesis of fever. Fever and sickness-behavior. The biological value of fever. Hyperglycemia and glucose-tolerance tests. Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. General pathobiochemistry of diabetes mellitus syndrome. Etiology and pathogenesis of DM1. Etiology and pathogenesis of DM2.


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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and ketoacidotic coma. Diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) and coma. Late complications of diabetes mellitus. Hypoglycemia. Disorders of nucleic acid metabolism. Gout. Pathobiochemistry of LDL-metabolism. Primary hyperlipoproteinemia. Secondary hyperlipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis. Disorders of the hypothalamo-pituitary system. Pituitary insufficiency. Hyperprolactinemia. Pathophysiology of growth. Hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism. Disturbances of the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic system. Pheochromocytoma. Adrenal (cortex) insufficiency. Primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism. Glucocorticoid hyperfunctional states. Pathophysiological aspects of glucocorticoid therapy. Parathyroid abnormalities. Hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia. Mechanisms and disturbances of bone remodelling. Osteoporosis, osteomalacia. Basic pathophysiological concepts of gerontology. Tissue injury, trauma, sepsis. MODS (multiple organ dysfunctions). Note: „A” chance: test-exam on basis of the above topics. For „B” and „C” chances: oral exam on basis of 3 questions from the

list above.

Participants

Dr. Balaskó Márta (BAMMAAO.PTE), Dr. Rittmann-né Pétervári Erika (PEEFAAO.PTE), Dr. Solymár Margit (SOMFAAO.PTE)


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OSPKRA CLINICAL RADIOLOGY

Course director: DR. ISTVÁN BATTYÁNI , associate professor Department of Radiology



Prerequisites: OSPPA1 completed + OSPSPR parallel

Topic The aim of the subject is to learn the diagnostic algorithm of main diseases, and the diagnostic information of different imaging methods. The basic principles are the cost-effectiveness, and the risk-benefit ratio, ionizing radiation, radiation protection, and the ALARA principle. Of course the students have to learn the different indications, contraindications, possible side effects of the imaging methods, basics of the vascular and non-vascular interventional radiology and the appropriate answer for the exam questions. After the course the students as a practitioner with a help of the known clinical data will be able to draw up the application sequence (examination shift) of the picture making diagnostic methods required for the diagnosis of certain diseases (in case of need based on the consultation with the specialist).

Conditions for acceptance of the semester To get the index book signed, a maximum of 2 (two) seminars (4 hours) may be missed and they are not replaceable by any kind, even by participating in others seminar, since the subjects may go non-parallel in various groups. Missed seminars, caused by disease, can be certified by a written certificate obtained from the treating physician (booked in the log of his/her office)!

Making up for missed classes No possibility for the replacement.

Reading material In English: -R. B. Gunderman: Essential Radiology. Thieme, 2006 -G. M. Roberts, J. P. Hughes, and M. D. Hourihan: Clinical Radiology for Medical Students -S. Francis, A. F. Watkinson (Department of Radiology The Royal Free Hospital, London, UK): Interventional Radiology

explained. REMEDICINA Publishing, 2000. In Hungarian: -Fráter, Palkó, Makó, Kollár, Battyáni: Radiológia (Medicina, 2007) Recommended: Davit Sutton: Textbook of Radiology and Imaging (latest edition), ELSEVIER

Lectures 1. The fundamentals of radiation physics. Generation, properties, absorption, effects, quantity and quality of X-rays. Radiation

protection. ALARA principle. Radiation biology. Concept of tissue sensitivity to radiation. Dr. Battyáni István 2. X-ray equipment: X-ray tube. Generator, filter, diaphragm, tube. Dental X-ray equipment. Film development. Intraoral

and extraoral X-ray techniques. Digital radiography. Dr. Battyáni István 3. Computed tomography (CT), Cone beam CT. Limitations and possibilities of 3D imaging in dentistry. Dr. Battyáni István 4. Fundamentals of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Contrast agents and their application (contrast reactions). Dr. Battyáni István 5. Ultrasound. Piezoelectric effect. Ultrasound applications (Head and neck diseases, thyroid gland, salivary glands). Dr. Battyáni István 6. Principles of radioisotope application, clinical use. Isotope examination of the salivary gland. Radiotherapy plan.

Principles of curative and palliative therapy. Radio- and cytostatic therapy. Dr. Battyáni István 7. Labial and intraoral tumors. Maxillofacial radiology (trauma, inflammation, tumors). Dr. Battyáni István 8. Diseases of the facial and cranial bones, and their imaging. Benign and malignant tumors. Intracranial hemorrhage.

Basic pathological changes. Inflammatory diseases of the bones and joints. Dr. Battyáni István 9. Chest - diagnostic imaging methods. The examination methods of the lung, the necessary clinical information,

indications. Basic terms, roentgen anatomy, basic findings. The normal and pathologic lung. Radiological diagnosis of the inflammatory lung diseases. Pneumonia. Lung abscess.

Dr. Battyáni István 10. Radiology of the mediastinum, the most frequent mediastinal pathologies and their examination. Diagnostics of the

heart. Dr. Battyáni István


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11. Imaging methods of the GI tract, necessary clinical information, and indications. Radiology of the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum. The relation of the endoscopic and radiologic methods. Imaging methods of the small bowel and the large bowel, their indications, the necessary clinical information. Diseases and their radiological diagnosis. Dr. Battyáni István

12. Imaging methods of the liver and biliary system. Diagnostic strategies in different diseases. Necessary clinical information. Pancreas, retroperitoneum, spleen (imaging methods, indications, clinical information). The acute abdomen.

Dr. Battyáni István 13. Imaging of the urinary system (kidney, adrenal gland, ureter, urinary bladder). Indications, clinical information,

differential diagnosis. Imaging of the adrenal glands, and the retroperitoneum. Dr. Battyáni István 14. Interventional radiology in maxillofacial diseases. Dr. Horváth László

Practices 1. The fundamentals of radiation physics. Generation, properties, absorption, effects, quantity and quality of X-rays. Radiation

protection. ALARA principle. Radiation biology. Concept of tissue sensitivity to radiation. 2. X-ray equipment: X-ray tube. Generator, filter, diaphragm, tube. Dental X-ray equipment. Film development. Intraoral and

extraoral X-ray techniques. Digital radiography. 3. Computed tomography (CT), Cone beam CT. Limitations and possibilities of 3D imaging in dentistry. 4. Fundamentals of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Contrast agents and their application (contrast reactions). 5. Ultrasound. Piezoelectric effect. Ultrasound applications (Head and neck diseases, thyroid gland, salivary glands). 6. Principles of radioisotope application, clinical use. Isotope examination of the salivary gland. Radiotherapy plan. Principles of

curative and palliative therapy. Radio- and cytostatic therapy. 7. Labial and intraoral tumors. Maxillofacial radiology (trauma, inflammation, tumors) 8. Diseases of the facial and cranial bones, and their imaging. Benign and malignant tumors. Intracranial hemorrhage. Basic

pathological changes. Inflammatory diseases of the bones and joints. 9. Chest - diagnostic imaging methods. The examination methods of the lung, the necessary clinical information, indications.

Basic terms, roentgen anatomy, basic findings. The normal and pathologic lung. Radiological diagnosis of the inflammatory lung diseases. Pneumonia. Lung abscess.

10. Pulmonary emboli. Benign and malignant lung tumors. Tuberculosis. Degenerative lung diseases, fibrosis, pneumoconiosis. Pleural diseases, hydrothorax, pneumothorax. Benign and malignant lung tumors. Abnormalities of the diaphragm. Radiology of the mediastinum, the most frequent mediastinal pathologies and their examination.

11. Imaging methods of the GI tract, necessary clinical information, and indications. Radiology of the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum. The relation of the endoscopic and radiologic methods. Imaging methods of the small bowel and the large bowel, their indications, the necessary clinical information. Diseases and their radiological diagnosis.

12. Imaging methods of the liver and biliary system. Diagnostic strategies in different diseases. Necessary clinical information. Pancreas, retroperitoneum, spleen (imaging methods, indications, clinical information). Hepatobiliary interventions. The acute abdomen.

13. Imaging of the urinary system (kidney, adrenal gland, ureter, urinary bladder). Indications, clinical information, differential diagnosis. Interventinal radiology of the urinary tract. Imaging of the adrenal glands, and the retroperitoneum.

14. Interventional radiology in the vascular system (embolisation, selective blood sampling, foreign body removal, thrombolysis, thrombus aspiration, catheter therapy in atherosclerosis. stents.) Interventional oncoradiology. Tissue sampling.

Seminars

Exam topics/questions 1. Generation of X-ray. 2. The differential absorption and its role in diagnostic an in therapeutic medicine. 3. Compton dispersion, pair formation. 4. Features of X-ray. 5. The units of the diagnostic x-ray equipment. 6. Magnetic resonance imaging. 7. The basic principles of x-ray imaging. 8. Contrast materials, their side effects, complications and treatments. 9. The biological effect of radiation. 10. Radiation protection. 11. Imaging of the bone and joint. Basic pathologic changes. 12. Imagings and diseases of the facial bones. 13. Indications and methods of chest X-ray 14. Radiology of the lung diseases. 15. Indications and methods in pleural diseases. 16. Imaging of the heart and great vessels. 17. Imaging of the mediastinum. 18. Radiological examinations of the GI tract. Basic morfological changes. 19. Imaging of the liver and biliary tract. Basic changes. Radiology of the pancreas.


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20. Uroradiology. (inflammations, stones, tumors) 21. Basic principles and indications of angiography 22. Basic principles and indications of CT 23. Basic principles and indications of US 24. Radiation protection. Physical and biological basics of radiation therapy. 25. Planning of oncotherapy. Curative and palliative radiotherapy. 26. Radiotherapy in maxillofacial tumors. Side effects. 27. Diagnostic and therapeutic applications of the isotops. 28. Local cytostatic treatment. 29. Transcatheter embolisation. 30. Local thrombolysis. PTA. Atherectomy. Stent implantation.

Participants Dr. Battyáni István (BAIHABO.PTE), Dr. Giyab Omar (ABJHAAO.PTE), Dr. Horváth László (HOLGAAO.PTE), Dr. Rostás Tamás (ROTMAAO.PTE), Dr. Weninger Csaba (WECMAAO.PTE)


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OSPMI1 MICROBIOLOGY 1

Course director: DR. JÚLIA SZEKERES, professor Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology



Prerequisites: OSABK2 completed + OSAIMM completed + OSPPA1 parallel

Topic During the course the morphology, physiology of microbes, the techniques of disinfection and sterilization, the basics of antimicrobial therapy and the drugs used will be discussed. The host-parasite interactions, the factors playing roles in the pathogenesis of infections, the defence mechanisms of the host and the modes of prevention will be detailed. The systematic microbiology part of the course will discuss the microbiological aspects of various infections caused by specific pathogens. Special emphasize will be put on the indigenous flora of the oral cavity, as well as on microorganisms playing a role in the diseases of the oral cavity and the teeth. The objective is to provide a solid microbiological basis to understand the pathogenesis and clinical aspects of oral diseases if infectious etiology, as well as those of diseases of other organ systems of stomatological relevance.

Conditions for acceptance of the semester Attendance of the lectures is up to the judgement of the student. On the other hand, the Department insists on the active participation in all the practices, since necessary knowledge and skills to take and handle microbiological samples can only be mastered there. The subject of the examinations is the information provided on the lectures and practices during the semester.

Making up for missed classes

Reading material Samaranayake LP: Essential Microbiology for Dentistry, Churchill Livingstone; 3rd edition 2006, ISBN: 0-443-10079-9 J. Bagg, T.W. MacFarlane, I.R. Poxton, A.J. Smith, S.Bagg: Essentials of Microbiology for Dental Students. Oxford University Press, USA; 2nd edition 2006, ISBN: 0198564899 Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Pfaller MA: Medical Microbiology, Elsevier Mosby, 2009, ISBN: 0-323-05470-6 D. Greenwood et al.: Medical Microbiology, Churchill Livingstone, 2007, ISBN: 0-443-10209-7 Brooks GF, Butel JS, Morse SA: Jawetz, Melnick, and Adelberg’s: Medical, Microbiology, (25th ed) Lange Medical

Book, 2010, ISBN:978-0-07-162496-1 F.H. Kayser, K.A. Bienz, J. Eckert, R.M. Zinkernagel: Medical Microbiology, Thieme Stuttgart 2005, ISBN: 3-13-131991-7 A.K. Abbas, A.H. Lichtman, S Pillai: Cellular and Molecular Immunology. (7th ed) Elsevier Saunders, 2012, ISBN 978-1-43777-

1528-6

Lectures 1. Introduction the subject and history of microbiology Dr. Emődy Levente 2. Morphology and structure of bacteria Dr. Tigyi Zoltán 3. Morphology and structure of bacteria Dr. Tigyi Zoltán 4. The physiology of bacteria Dr. Kocsis Béla 5. Sterilization and disinfection Dr. Kerényi Mónika 6. Sterilization and disinfection Dr. Kerényi Mónika 7. Chemotherapy Dr. Kocsis Béla 8. Chemotherapy Dr. Kocsis Béla 9. Chemotherapy Dr. Kocsis Béla 10. Microbial genetics Dr. Tigyi Zoltán 11. Pathogenicity, Infection Dr. Emődy Levente 12. Vaccinology Dr. Emődy Levente


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13. Immunology of infectious disease Dr. Szekeres Júlia 14. Immunology of infectious disease Dr. Szekeres Júlia 15. Immunology of infectious disease Dr. Szekeres Júlia 16. Immunology of infectious disease Dr. Szekeres Júlia 17. Virology Dr. Szereday László 18. Virology Dr. Szereday László 19. Virology Dr. Szereday László 20. Virology Dr. Szereday László 21. Virology Dr. Szereday László 22. Pyogenic bacteria Dr. Kerényi Mónika 23. Pyogenic bacteria Dr. Kerényi Mónika 24. Pyogenic bacteria Dr. Kerényi Mónika 25. Enteric bacteria and gastrointestinal pathogens Dr. Tigyi Zoltán 26. Enteric bacteria and gastrointestinal pathogens Dr. Tigyi Zoltán 27. Enteric bacteria and gastrointestinal pathogens Dr. Tigyi Zoltán 28. Pathogens in respiratory tact Dr. Mestyán Gyula 29. Pathogens in respiratory tact Dr. Mestyán Gyula 30. Mycobacteria Dr. Emődy Levente 31. Aerobic and anaerobic spore forming bacteria Dr. Kocsis Béla 32. Aerobic and anaerobic spore forming bacteria Dr. Kocsis Béla 33. Spirochaetes Dr. Kocsis Béla 34. Rickettsia, Chlamydia Dr. Kerényi Mónika 35. Mycology Dr. Mestyán Gyula 36. Parazitology Dr. Kocsis Béla 37. Oral microbiology Dr. Emődy Levente 38. Oral microbiology Dr. Emődy Levente 39. Oral microbiology Dr. Emődy Levente 40. Oral microbiology Dr. Emődy Levente 41. Oral microbiology Dr. Emődy Levente 42. Oral microbiology Dr. Emődy Levente


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Practices 1. Introduction, safety regulations. The microscope, native and stained preparation 2. Introduction, safety regulations. The microscope, native and stained preparation 3. Cultivation of bacteria, media 4. Cultivation of bacteria, media 5. Biochemical reaction in the identification 6. Biochemical reaction in the identification 7. Antibiotic sensitivity 8. Antibiotic sensitivity 9. Serology 10. Serology 11. Molecular diagnostics 12. Molecular diagnostics 13. Bacterial diagnosis of pyogenic infections; blood cultures 14. Bacterial diagnosis of pyogenic infections; blood cultures 15. Bacterial diagnosis of urinary tract infections 16. Bacterial diagnosis of urinary tract infections 17. Bacterial diagnosis of gastrointestinal infections 18. Bacterial diagnosis of gastrointestinal infections 19. Bacterial diagnosis of respiratory tract infections and meningitis 20. Bacterial diagnosis of respiratory tract infections and meningitis 21. Anaerobic infections 22. Anaerobic infections 23. Diagnostic virology 24. Diagnostic virology 25. Diagnostic mycology and parasitology 26. Diagnostic mycology and parasitology 27. Diagnostic oral microbiology 28. Diagnostic oral microbiology

Seminars

Exam topics/questions THE WRITTEN EXAM CONSISTS OF MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Participants

Dr. Emődy Levente (EMLGAAO.PTE), Dr. Halász Melinda (HAMFACO.PTE), Dr. Kerényi Mónika (KEMHAAP.PTE), Dr. Kocsis Béla (KOBHACE.PTE), Dr. Kovács Krisztina (KOKFAIO.PTE), Dr. Mestyán Gyula (MELPAAP.PTE), Dr. Polgár Beáta (POBPAAP.PTE), Dr. Schneider György (SCGQAAP.PTE), Dr. Szereday László (SZLPAAP.PTE), Dr. Tigyi Zoltán (TIZHAAE.PTE)


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OSPOFO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY - PROPEDEUTICS

Course director: DR. EDINA LEMPEL , assistant lecturer Dept. of Dentistry, Oral-, Maxillofacial Surgery



Prerequisites: OSAANY completed + OSAET2 completed + OSPFPP completed

Topic Students should acquire the basic treatment methods of carious lesions.

Conditions for acceptance of the semester Theoretical and practical exam. Acceptance: according to the rules of the Code of Studies and Exams


Reading material

Lectures 1. General rules of cavity preparation Dr. Marada Gyula 2. The aim of endodontic procedures, clinical diagnosis, Isolation, Anesthesia Dr. Lempel Edina 3. Class I. cavity preparation for amalgam filling Dr. Lempel Edina 4. Morphology of pulp chamber and canal Dr. Lempel Edina 5. Equipments of dental office. The position of patient and dentist during the treatment. Classification of cavities,

nomenclature Dr. Marada Gyula 6. Trepanation and the armamentarium for trepanation Dr. Lempel Edina 7. Class III. cavity preparation for composite filling Dr. Lempel Edina 8. Vitalexstirpation, the armamentarium of root canal preparation, the lubrication Dr. Lempel Edina 9. Instruments for cavity preparation Dr. Marada Gyula 10. Determination of working length, step-back technique, anticurvature filling, point control Dr. Lempel Edina 11. Matrix and matrix retainer. Isolation Dr. Marada Gyula 12. Drying of root canal, provisional cavity liners, definite canal filling instrumentation Dr. Lempel Edina 13. Class V. cavity preparation Dr. Lempel Edina 14. Permanent root canal filling with lateral condensation technique Dr. Lempel Edina 15. Amalgam restorations Dr. Marada Gyula 16. Root canal therapy of extracted tooth (practice) Dr. Marada Gyula 17. Composite restorations. Glass-ionomer cement restorations Dr. Marada Gyula 18. Anatomy of extracted teeth (practice) Dr. Marada Gyula 19. Class I. cavity preparation for cast inlay Dr. Lempel Edina


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20. Cavity for trepanation on extracted tooth Dr. Marada Gyula 21. Class II. cavity preparation for cast inlay. Class V. cavity preparation for cast inlay. Inlay modelling. Dr. Lempel Edina 22. Root canal instrumentation wit step-back technique Dr. Marada Gyula 23. Direct inlay modelling. Impressions for inlays Dr. Lempel Edina 24. Root canal instrumentation wit step-back technique, point control x-ray Dr. Marada Gyula 25. Instruments, materials and methods of polishing. Slice preparation Dr. Lempel Edina 26. Root canal filling with lateral condensation technique Dr. Marada Gyula 27. Consultation Dr. Lempel Edina 28. Consultation Dr. Marada Gyula

Practices 1. Class I. cavity preparation in lower first molar for amalgam and composite filling 2. Class II. cavity preparation in lower second premolar for MO amalgam filling, carriage of the filling. Class II. cavity

preparation in upper first premolar for OD composite filling, carriage of the filling 3. Class II. cavity preparation in upper first molar for MOD composite filling, carriage of the filling in upper first

premolar and upper first molar 4. Class III. and IV. cavity preparation in upper incisors for composite filling. Class V. cavity preparation in upper canine

and lower first premolar. Carriage of these fillings 5. Short exam. Carriage of Glass-ionomer filling 6. Class I. cavity preparation in lower second molar for cast inlay, modelling from wax. Rubber dam isolation. 7. Class II. MOD cavity preparation in lower first premolar for cast inlay, wax-modelling. Class II. MOD cavity

preparation in upper second molar for composite inlay, carriage of direct composite inlay. 8. Class II. MO cavity preparation in lower second molar for ceramic onlay, direct modelling from composite. 9. Class II. MOD cavity preparation in molar for ceramic inlay (CAD-CAM). 10. Short exam 11. Preparation for direct veneer. Making of a direct veneer. 12. Core build-up with glass-fiber reinforced composite post. 13. Insertion of parapulpal posts. Veneer preparation on upper incisors. 14. Consultation.

Seminars

Exam topics/questions Theoretical exam: 1. Units and instruments of a dental practice 2. Position of the patient and the dentist, dental unit 3. General rules of cavity preparation, classification of the cavities, nomenclature 4. Hand instruments 5. Rotary instruments 6. Isolation, matrices 7. I. class cavity-preparation for plastic filling 8. II. class cavity-preparation for amalgam filling 9. II. class cavity-preparation for composite filling 10. III. class cavity-preparation for composite filling 11. IV. class cavity-preparation for composite filling 12. V. class cavity-preparation for plastic filling 13. Steps of amalgam filling 14. Steps of composite filling 15. Steps of glass-ionomer cement filling 16. Special cavity-preparation, parapulpal posts 17. Cavity preparation for I. class metal (cast) inlay 18. Cavity preparation for II. class metal (cast) inlay


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19. Cavity preparation for composite inlay 20. The aim of endodontic treatment, Step-back preparation, root-canal morphology 21. Endodontic working length determination, point-control 22. Drying of root-canal, provisional and permanent root-canal filling Practical exam: 1. I. class cavity preparation in molar (occlusal, vestibular) for amalgam filling, carriage of the amalgam filling 2. I. class cavity preparation in molar (occlusal, vestibular) for composite filling, carriage of the composite filling 3. II. class (MO) cavity preparation in molar or premolar for amalgam filling, carriage of the amalgam filling 4. II. class (OD)cavity preparation in molar or premolar for amalgam filling, carriage of the amalgam filling 5. II. class (MOD)cavity preparation in molar or premolar for amalgam filling, carriage of the amalgam filling 6. II. class (MO)cavity preparation in molar or premolar for composite filling, carriage of the composite filling 7. II. class (OD)cavity preparation in molar or premolar for composite filling, carriage of the composite filling 8. II. class (MOD)cavity preparation in molar or premolar for composite filling, carriage of the composite filling 9. III. class cavity preparation in upper incisor for composite filling, carriage of the composite filling 10. IV. class cavity preparation in upper incisor for composite filling, carriage of the composite filling 11. V. class cavity preparation for amalgam and composite filling, carriage of the filling 12. II. class (MO) cavity preparation for cast inlay, modelling from wax 13. II. class (OD) cavity preparation for cast inlay, modelling from wax 14. II. class (MOD) cavity preparation for cast inlay, modelling from wax 15. Making of a I. and V. class direct composite inlay 16. Making of a II. class (MO) direct composite inlay in molar or premolar 17. Making of a II. class (OD) direct composite inlay in molar or premolar 18. Making of a II. class (MOD) direct composite inlay in molar or premolar 19. II. class (MOD) cavity preparation for ceramic inlay, impression, modelling from Palavit G

Participants Dr. Marada Gyula (MAGFABO.PTE), Dr. Ottóffy-Kende Dóra (KEDFAAO.PTE)


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OSPORR ORAL RADIOLOGY

Course director: DR. GYULA MARADA , assistant lecturer Dept. of Dentistry, Oral-, Maxillofacial Surgery



Prerequisites: OSANAN completed + OSAORB completed + OSPFPP parallel

Topic Students should acquire all radiologic diagnostic methods used in dentistry. Students should be able to make intraoral x-ray.

Conditions for acceptance of the semester according to the Code of Studies and Examinations


Reading material Eric Whaites: Essentials of Dental Radiography and Radiology, CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE, 2002

Lectures 1. Principles of Radiology. Equipments Dr. Marada Gyula 2. Radiation detectors. Exposure Dr. Marada Gyula 3. Intraoral techniques. Anatomy of intraoral radiographs Dr. Marada Gyula 4. Extraoral techniques Dr. Marada Gyula 5. Anatomy of panoramic radiographs Dr. Marada Gyula 6. Radiation protection Dr. Marada Gyula 7. Radiological terminology, radiological diagnosis. Development of teeth. Dr. Marada Gyula 8. Cariology in radiology. Abrasion of teeth. Inflammation of the pulp. Dr. Marada Gyula 9. Diseases of apical and marginal periodontium Dr. Marada Gyula 10. Traumatic diseases of jaws and teeth Dr. Marada Gyula 11. Prosthodontic aspects of radiology Dr. Marada Gyula 12. Digital radiological techniques (RVG, CBCT) Dr. Marada Gyula 13. Endodontic aspects of radiology Dr. Marada Gyula 14. Radiological failures Dr. Marada Gyula

Practices Intraoral x-ray exposure and processing

Seminars

Exam topics/questions 1. Oral radiologic equipments 2. Radiograph of teeth. The rule of bisecting angle and parallel technique 3. Radiographic features of periapical conditions on the lower arch 4. Radiographic features of periapical conditions on the upper arch 5. Radiographs of the crown 6. Occlusal radiographs 7. Pediatric dental radiographs


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8. Extaroral radiographs 9. Radiographs of the maxilla 10. Radiographs of the mandibule 11. Rules of contact radiographs. Cephalographs 12. Panoramic radiographs 13. Exposure 14. Processing of dental radiographs 15. Equipments of digital intraoral radiology 16. CT and CBCT in dentistry 17. Density and contrast 18. Radiation failures. Failures before processing 19. Failures of film processing 20. Radiation protection 21. Protection of patients 22. Protection of staff 23. Assessment of alveolar bone 24. Anatomy of teeth 25. Assessment of perapical radiographs 26. Endodontic procedures and their radiologic aspects 27. Radiological aspects of tooth extraction 28. Caries 29. Inflammation of apical periodontium 30. Diseases of the marginal periodontium 31. Dental trauma 32. Traumatism of the jaws 33. Osteomyelitis Practical exam: intraoral radiograph taking for patients



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OSPPA1 PATHOLOGY FOR DENTAL STUDENTS 1

Course director: DR. LÁSZLÓ PAJOR, professor Department of Pathology



Prerequisites: OSABK2 completed + OSANAN completed + OSAET2 completed

Topic The basic pathological cellular responses, underlying the various disease processes, are taught during this course. To this end general pathology is subdivided into cellular injury and death, degeneration, pathological accumulation of substances, growth disturbances, acute and chronic inflammatory changes, haemodynamic disorders, genetic disorders, diseases of immunity and neoplasia ( general oncology) chapters. The most important and frequent diseases in the various chapters are going to be discussed in detail in order to provide student with comprehensive knowledge to understand autopsy practices as soon as possible. The driving principle behind this course is to have the student understood the disease concept as the unity of macroscopy, microscopy, clinical symptoms and laboratory changes which forms the clinicopathological thinking about diseases. Special requirements for dentists The curriculum of the students (which made of pathology lectures and practices) is completed with the subject of Oral Pathology. The students should attend to this course which takes 14 hours in the second semester and organized by the teachers in the Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and in the Department of Pathology. The third-year students are expected to acquire the pathogenesis, the macroscopy and partly the microscopy of the main pathological changes occure in this region. This reference knowledge could be used for the ongoing dental studies and especially later in consultations with the oral pathologists. The main educational task of the subject: The general pathology course will form the very basis for the systemic / organ pathology as well as the subsequent clinical studies by teaching the etiology, pathogenesis and pathomechanism together with the gross morphological and microscopical changes of the various diseases. During this activity the principals and methodology of the diagnostic pathology will be covered.

Conditions for acceptance of the semester According to the Code of Studies and Examinations. Absences exceeding 10% of each the histopathology and autopsy practical classes in either semester will result in not signing the gradebook. One macropreparation, one histological preparation and a theoretical question will be given to the student at the examination by the end of the first semester. Macro- and microscopical digital images demonstrated on lectures are also part of exam material (in form of digital images).

Making up for missed classes The absences of practical classes are supposed to be made up in two weeks in another group with the written certaficate of the respective group leader.

Reading material S. L. Robins, V. Kumar: Basic Pathology, 7th edition, Saunders Company, 2003, ISBN 0-7216-9274-5

Lectures

1. I. Introduction - Postmortem changes - cell death (5 lectures): Introduction to pathology. Historical overview. The role of pathology in sciences.

Dr. Pajor László 2. The role of diagnostic pathology in modern medicine. The methodology of pathology. Dr. Pajor László 3. Criteria of death. Post-mortem changes at organ, cellular and subcellular level. Necrosis vs apoptosis Dr. Pajor László 4. The types of necrosis: microscopic and macroscopic changes. Dr. Pajor László 5. Pathology of myocardial infarction Dr. Pajor László 6. II. Degeneration, pathological accumulation, pigments, calcification (10 lectures): The types of degeneration,

relation between necrosis and degeneration. Parenchymal and fatty degeneration, pathomechanism. Dr. Pajor László 7. Parenchymal degeneration. Dr. Pajor László 8. Fatty degeneration. Dr. Pajor László


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9. Atherosclerosis. Lipid accumulation. Dr. Pajor László 10. Exogenous pigment accumulation. Dr. Pajor László 11. Endogenous, hemoglobinogenic pigment accumulation Dr. Pajor László 12. Endogenous, non-hemoglobinogenic pigment accumulation. Dr. Pajor László 13. Accumulation of proteins. Amyloidosis. Dr. Pajor László 14. Calcification. Dr. Pajor László 15. Lithiasis. Dr. Pajor László 16. III. Growth disturbances (5 lectures): Regressive changes: atrophy. Organ examples. Dr. Pajor László 17. Classification of cells according to the mitotic capacity and proliferation response to stimulus. Dr. Pajor László 18. Progressive changes: hyperplasia. Prostatic hyperplasia. Glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium. Dr. Pajor László 19. Progressive changes: hypertrophy. Left and right ventricular hypertrophy and their hemodynamic significance Dr. Pajor László 20. Regeneration. Wound healing Dr. Pajor László 21. IV. Circulation (6 lectures): Edema, hyperemia, congestio Dr. Pajor László 22. Types and pathomechanism of haemorrhages Dr. Pajor László 23. Organ manisfestations of haemorrhages. Dr. Pajor László 24. Haemostasis, thrombosis. Dr. Pajor László 25. Embolisation, disseminated intravascular coagulation Dr. Pajor László 26. Shock, hypertension. Dr. Pajor László 27. V. Inflammation (10 lectures): Definition of inflammation, historical overview. Dr. Pajor László 28. Acute inflammatory response, vascular reactions, permeability-exudation. Dr. Pajor László 29. Classification of acute inflammations 1: serous and fibrinous inflammation. Organ examples. Dr. Pajor László 30. Classification of acute inflammations 2: purulent, hemorrhagic and gangraenous inflammation. Organ examples. Dr. Pajor László 31. Definition and classification of chronic inflammation. Cellular and humoral mediators. Dr. Pajor László 32. Organ examples of chronic inflammatory conditions due to recurrent acute inflammations. Dr. Pajor László 33. Granulomatous inflammation (sarcoidosis, foreign body type giant cell reaction), organ examples. Dr. Pajor László 34. Pathogenesis of tuberculosis and its pathomorphology. Dr. Pajor László 35. Clinicopathological presentations of tuberculosis. Dr. Pajor László 36. Autoimmune chronic inflammation. Rheumatoid arthritis Dr. Pajor László


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37. VI. Immunpathology (5 lectures): Type I-IV. hypersensitivities and related disorders Dr. Pajor László 38. Transplantation immunity. Dr. Pajor László 39. Pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Systemic lupus erythematodes (SLE) Dr. Pajor László 40. Congenital immundeficiency syndromes Dr. Pajor László 41. Aquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Dr. Pajor László 42. VII. Genetics (5 lectures): The incidence of genetic disorders, types of mutations and the 4 prototypes of the genetic

disorders. Dr. Pajor László 43. The Mendelian disorders: autosomal dominant disorders. Dr. Pajor László 44. The Mendelian disorders: autosomal recessive disorders. Dr. Pajor László 45. X-linked inheritance. Disorders with polygenic inheritance Dr. Pajor László 46. Single gene disorders with non-classic inheritance. Dr. Pajor László 47. VIII. Oncology (10 lectures): Characterisation of benign and malignant tumours Dr. Pajor László 48. Tumor epidemiology. Dr. Pajor László 49. The classification of tumours according to their histogenesis. The basis of immunohistochemical differential

diagnostics. Dr. Pajor László 50. Chemical and irradiation cancerogenesis. Dr. Pajor László 51. The role of oncogenes in tumorgenesis. Dr. Pajor László 52. The role of tumour suppresser genes in tumorgenesis. Dr. Pajor László 53. Interpretation of tumor growth kinetics at the cell cycle level. Dr. Pajor László 54. Growth kinetics of tumors. Mechanism and characteristics of tumorous dissemination. Dr. Pajor László 55. The pathological diagnostics of tumours Dr. Pajor László 56. Staging and grading of tumours. Dr. Pajor László

Practices

Seminars 1. week: Postmortal changes - necrosis. Preparations: Postmortal emphysema of the liver, Necrosis and its subtypes (oncosis,

apoptosis) (photo), Adipocere. Slides: Normal and postmortal pancreas (HE), Karyorrhexis in inadequately handled sample (HE)

2. week: Postmortal changes - necrosis. Preparations: Anaemic infarct of the heart, Anaemic infarct of the spleen and splenomegaly Pylethrombosis, (thrombosis of the portal vein). Mycotic enteritis. Phthisis renalis (caseation). Sacral decubitus, Gangraena sicca of the toes. Slides:Anaemic infarct of the myocardium (HE), Hemorrhagic infarct of the lung (HE) . Caseous lymphadenitis (HE)

3. week: Postmortal changes - necrosis. Preparations: Cysta post encephalomalaciam - chr. endocarditis, Cerebral abscess, Pancreas fatnecrosis - acute pancreatitis . Slides: Encephalomalacia alba (HE), Acute pancreatitis - fatnecrosis (HE); . Degeneration, pathological accumulation, pigments, calcification. Preparations: Insular fatty degeneration of the myocardium, Steatosis hepatis, Hepar moschatum adiposum,. Slides: Insular fatty degeneration of the myocardium (Oil Red), Steatosis hepatis (HE and Oil Red)

4. week: Degeneration, pathological accumulation, pigments, calcification. Preparations: Fatty infiltration of the myocardii, Aortic athersclerosis - complicated plaques in abdominal aorta, Haemochromatosis universalis (Prussian blue), Brown induration of the lung, Brown atrophy of the heart, Malignant melanoma, Ochronosis, Miliary and tumorous silicosis of the lung . Slides Aortic atheromatosis (Oil Red), Haemosiderosis of liver (Prussian blue and HE), Bile pigment in cirrhotic liver (HE),Brown induration of the lung (Prussian blue),Malignant melanoma (HE), Miliary silicosis of the lung (HE),. Anthracosis of lymph node (HE)


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5. week: Degeneration, pathological accumulation, pigments, calcification. Preparations: Amyloidosis with plasmacell dyscrasia, Cholelithiasis - empyema, Table of frequent stones, Petrified myoma of the uterus, Microcalcification of the breast (mammography), Urolithiasis - hydronephrosis, Nodular calcified aortic stenosis . Slides: Renal amyloid (Congo) (presentation), Calcification in breast cancer (Kossa reaction) (presented with mammograph), Psammom bodies (Carcinoma papillare) (HE)

6. week: Growth disturbances. Preparations: Brown atrophy of the heart. Cerebral atrophy. Atrophy of the kidney, nephrosclerosis, Concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricule of the heart, Dilatative hypertrophy of the left ventricule of the heart, Chronic cor pulmonale, Prostatic hyperplasia Slides: Neonatal (diploid nuclei) and hypertrophic (polyploid nuclei) cardiac muscle (HE), Glandular cystic hyperplasiaof the endometrium (HE), Prostatic hyperplasia (HE)

7. week: Circulation. Preparations: Epidural hemorrhage,Chronic subdural hemorrhage, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Cerebral apoplexy, Cerebral purpura, Cerebral edema, incarceration of cerebellar tonsils, Brown induration of the lung, Abdominal aortic aneurysm - parietal thrombosis , Left atrial -ball- thrombus, Lung infarct . Slides: Hepar moschatum adiposum (HE), Pulmonary edema (HE), Thrombosis of femoral artery with recanalisation (HE), Partial pulmonary embolisation - pulmonary infarct (HE), DIC (fibrinthrombi in kidney) (fibrin stain), Fat emboli in kidney (lipid stain)

8. week: Inflammation. Preparations: Fibrinous pericarditis - cor villosum, Concretio pericardii, Lobar pneumonia, Bronchopneumonia . Slides: Fibrinous pericarditis - cor villosum (HE), Lobar pneumonia (HE), Bronchopneumonia (HE)

9. week: Inflammation. Preparations: Purulent meningitis, Pulmonary abscess, Hepatic abscess, Cerebral abscess, Foreign body in bronchi ,,Chronic cholecystitis, Chronic pyelonephritis, Chronic endocarditis and cysta post encephalomalatiam . Slides: Purulent meningitis (HE), Cerebral abscessus (HE), Acute appendicitis (HE), Chronic cholecystitis (HE)

10. week: Inflammation. Preparations: Miliary tuberculosis of the lungs, Generalised tuberculosis, Phtisis cavernosa, Phtisis renalis (repetition), Pulmonary sarcoidosis - BHL, Pleural callus. Slides: Foreign body granuloma (HE), Miliary tuberculosisof the lung (HE), Mycobacterial infection demonstration (ZN), Sarcoidosis in lymph node (HE), Lipogranuloma in breast (HE)

11. week: Immunopathology. Preparations: Acut rejection in kidney, Honeycomb lung. Slides: Follicularis hyperplasia (lymph node) (HE), Paracorticalis hyperplasia (lymph node) (HE), Eosinophil cell reaction in nasal polyp (HE), Hashimoto thyreoiditis (HE), Bronchial asthma (HE and PAS), Acut rejection in kidney (HE and PAS), CMV lung (HE)

12. week: Genetics. Preparations: Anencephaly, Spina bifida (meningomyelokele), Mucoviscidosis (meconium ileus), . Slides: Mucoviscidosis (HE), Thesaurismosis: Gaucher disease (HE)

13. week: Oncology. Preparations: Leukoplakia of the cervical portion, Cervical carcinoma, Fibroadenoma of breast, Carcinoma of the breast, Bronchial carcinoma, Rectal polyp, Rectal adenocarcinoma, Leiomyoma of uterus, Cysta dermoides, Meningeoma . Slides: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CIN III (PAS)

14. week: Oncology. Preparations: Pulmonary metastases, Lymphangitis carcinomatosa, Linitis plastica and Krukenberg tumor . Slides: Carcinoma planocellulare of lower lip (HE), Carcinoma coli (lymph node metastasis) (HE), Myeloma multiplex (kappa, lambda IPO), Invasive breast carcinoma (lymph node metastasis) (PR + HE), Polypus adenomatosus coli (p53)

Exam topics/questions I. Introduction - Postmortem changes - cell death 1. The objectives of pathology and its place among the biomedical disciplines. Significance of biopsy (surgical pathology) and

autopsy in the everyday medical practice. Brief summary of the historical development of pathology (humoral- and solidarpathology, Morgagni, Virchow, molecular pathology)

2. The definition and criteria of death. Supravital reactions. Early and late post-mortem changes. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

3. Not applicable for English Program students. 4. Different forms of response to injury. Causes, pathomechanism, light- and electronmicroscopical hallmarks of cellular

necrosis. Apoptosis. 5. Coagulative necrosis, organ manifestations 6. Clinicopathology of the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) 7. Liquefactive necrosis, organ manifestations II. Degeneration, pathological accumulation, pigments, calcification 8. The definition and types of degenerations. Parenchymal and fatty degeneration. Organ examples. 9. Pathomorphology, pathogenesis and complications of atherosclerosis 10. Exogenous and endogenous pigments. Histochemical characteristics of the different pigments 11. Anthracosis and silicosis 12. Hemoglobinogenic pigments I. Porphyrin and haematoidin. 13. Hemoglobinogenic pigments II. Different forms of jaundice and cholostasis, morphology, differential diagnostics. 14. Hemoglobinogenic pigments III. Pathological forms of iron storage. 15. Endogenous non-hemoglobinogenic pigments: lipofuscin, melanin, homogentisinic acid. 16. Dystrophic calcification. Causes, pathomechanism and organ manifestations 17. Metastatic calcification. Causes, pathomechanism, organ manifestations. 18. Pathomechanism and clinicopathological forms of stone formation.


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19. Definition and general characterisation of amyloidosis. Physico-chemical, ultrastructural and histochemical nature of amyloid. Types of amyloid fibrils

20. Clinicopathological forms of amyloidosis, organ manifestations (gross morphology and light microscopy) III. Growth disturbances 21. Causes of atrophy; general gross morphology and microscopical characteristics. Pathomechanism of atrophy 22. Definition of atrophy, hypoplasia, aplasia, agenesia. Osteoporosis. 23. Cerebral atrophy - Alzheimer disease. 24. Definition, types and organ examples of hyperplasia. 25. Glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium. Bone marrow hyperplasia 26. Prostate hyperplasia. Lymph node hyperplasia (follicular and paracortical) 27. Definition of hypertrophy (causes, morphology, changes at cell cycle) 28. Left ventricular hypertrophy. Causes, sequential compensatory changes and functionally consequences. 29. Cor pulmonale chronicum. 30. Healing by primary and secondary intention (Sanatio per primam et per secundam intentionem) IV. Thrombosis, embolism, edema, hemorrhages 31. Definition of edema, pathomechanism (Starling law), clinical forms. 32. Pathomechanism of hemorrhages. Clinical presenations. 33. Definition, forms and pathogenesis of thromboses. 34. Disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC): definition, pathomechanism, complications. 35. Definition and forms of embolism Causes and pathomechanism of shock. 36. Clinicopathological classification of hypertension and complications V. Inflammation 37. Vascular and humoral mechanisms of acute inflammations 38. Cellular mechanism of acute inflammation. 39. Clinicopathological classification of the acute inflammations I.: Serous and fibrinous inflammations. Organ examples. 40. Clinicopathological classification of the acute inflammations II.: Purulent, haemorrhagic and gangrenous inflammation.

Organ examples. 41. Definition, cellular and humoral mechanisms and classification of chronic inflammations 42. Pathogenesis and pathomorphology of tuberculosis 43. Clinicopathological presentation of tuberculosis 44. Foreign body type of inflammatory response (characteristics and examples) 45. Autoimmune chronic inflammations. Rheumatoid arthritis VI. Immunopathology 46. Type I. and type II. hypersensitivity reactions, mechanisms and related disorders. 47. Type III. and type IV. hypersensitivity reactions, related disorders. 48. Transplantation immunity 49. Pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders 50. Systemic lupus erythematodes (SLE) 51. Congenital immundeficiency syndromes 52. Aquired immundeficiency syndrome (AIDS) VII. Genetics 53. The incidence of genetic disorders and the basic types of mutations. The four types of genetic disorders. 54. Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. 55. Familiar hypercholesterinaemia 56. Cystic fibrosis 57. The lysosomal storage disorders, glycogenoses, mucopolysacharidoses. 58. Multifactorial inheritance and disease examples. 59. Single gene disorders with non-mendelian inheritance and related disorders. VIII. Oncology 60. The definition of metaplasia, examples. Interrelationship of metaplasia and dysplasia 61. The definition and morphological characteristics of dysplasia - anaplasia, organ examples for dysplasia. 62. General characteristics of benign and malignant tumours. Terminology and histogenetic classification of tumours. 63. Characteristics and analysis of kinetics of tumour cell growth. Clonality of tumours, methods to investigate clonality 64. Local and metastatic tumour spreading


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65. Hereditary and acquired precancerous conditions and their pathomechanisms. 66. Overall cancer epidemiology (the most frequent tumours, geographic and age related differences) 67. The role of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in the cancerogenesis 68. Chemical and radiation cancerogenesis 69. Viral cancerogenesis 70. Oncopathological diagnostic strategy, grading, staging

Participants Dr. Semjén Dávid (SEDFABO.PTE), Dr. Tornóczky Tamás (TOTMABO.PTE)


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OSPPA2 PATHOLOGY 2 - ORAL PATHOLOGY

Course director: DR. LÁSZLÓ PAJOR, professor Department of Pathology

7 credit ▪ final exam ▪ Pre-clinical module ▪ spring semester ▪ recommended semester: 6


Prerequisites: OSPPA1 completed

Topic There is a special emphasis on the clinicopathological view of the diseases, i.e., understanding the interrelationship of the clinical symptoms, macroscopical and microscopical changes of the diseased organs. To this end, clinicopathological thinking and the capability of differential diagnostics are required by the end of the academic year. The systemic pathology subject involves the major fields of organ pathology: cardio-vascular pathology, lung pathology, gastroenterology, liver?, biliary tract- and pancreas pathology, haematopathology, kidney disorders, male genital tract pathology, female genital tract and breast pathology, neuropathology, endocrine system disorders, skin-, skeletal system- and soft tissue pathology. The main educational task of the subject: The pathology course will form the basis for later clinical studies by teaching organ specific pathology knowledge, including the etiology and pathomechanism of diseases and the entire spectrum of pathological diagnostics from macroscopy and microscopy to special ancillary techniques (ultrastructural analysis, molecular pathology) with their clinical relevance. Acceptance of the semester: according to the Code of Studies and Examination. Absences exceeding 10% each of the histopathology and autopsy practical classes will result in not signing the gradebook. Final exam for the dentist students includes 1 macropreparation from the second semester pool, 2 slides (one from the second semester Systemic Pathology and one from the Oral Pathology slide collection), and 2 EQs (one Oral Pathology + one Pathology). The later pool contains all the Systemic Pathology and also the selected General Pathology questions.

Conditions for acceptance of the semester Special requirements for dentists The curriculum of the students (which made of pathology lectures and practices) is completed with the subject of Oral Pathology. The students should attend to this course which takes 14 hours in the second semester and organized by the teachers in the Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and in the Department of Pathology. The third-year students are expected to acquire the pathogenesis, the macroscopy and partly the microscopy of the main pathological changes occure in this region. This reference knowledge could be used for the ongoing dental studies and especially later in consultations with the oral pathologists. The attendance to the Oral Pathology course and the knowledge picked up there –beside the general requirements- are obligatory to the approval of the two semesters. The details are seen below.

Making up for missed classes Absence(s) is (are) supposed to be made up in another group with the written certificate of the respective group leader

Reading material S. L. Robins, V. Kumar: Basic Pathology, 7th edition, Saunders Company, 2003, ISBN 0-7216-9274-5

Lectures 1. I. Diseases of the heart and blood vessels (5 lectures): Ischemic heart diseases. Sudden cardiac death. Dr. Tornóczky Tamás 2. Valvular disorders, myocarditis. Dr. Tornóczky Tamás 3. Cardiomyopathies, tumours of the heart and pericardial disorders. Dr. Tornóczky Tamás 4. Congenital heart diseases. Dr. Tornóczky Tamás 5. Vasculitides. Vascular tumours. Diseases of the veins and the lymphatic system (The remaining topics have been

discussed in different chapters of general pathology). Dr. Tornóczky Tamás 6. II. Hematopathology (6 lectures): Ontogenesis of the lymphoid cells: pheno- and genotypic characteristics of the

precursor and peripheral cell populations. Dr. Pajor László 7. Reactive lymph node changes: lymphadenitis, lymphadenopathies. Dr. Pajor László 8. The WHO classification of the tumors of haemopoietic and lymphoid tissues: basic principles and major categories. Dr. Pajor László 9. Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphomas Dr. Pajor László


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10. Chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPDs) Dr. Pajor László 11. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemias (AML) Dr. Pajor László 12. III. Pulmonology (5 lectures): Anatomy and defence mechanism of the respiratory tract. Disorders of the upper

respiratory tract. Inflammations, necrotising inflammations. Tumours of the nasal cavity and the pharynges. Dr. László Terézia 13. Laryngeal oedema, tumours of the larynx. Disorders of the lower respiratory tract. Congenital anomalies. Disorders of

vascular origin (thromboembolisation, infarction, pulmonary oedema, chronic congestion, IRDS, ARDS, atelectasis) Dr. László Terézia 14. The clinical characteristics of chronic obstructive disorders, types, morphology. Infectious lung diseases Dr. László Terézia 15. The general characteristics of chronic restrictive disorders, types, morphology. Dr. László Terézia 16. Tumours of the lung. Pleural and mediastinal disorders Dr. László Terézia 17. IV. Gastroenterology (6 lectures): Congenital malformations of face, inflammatory changes, tumor-like conditions

and tumours of the oral cavity Dr. Pajor László 18. Inflammatory diseases and tumours of the salivary glands Dr. Pajor László 19. Congenital and acquired diseases as well as tumors of the oesophagus. Dr. Pajor László 20. Pathology of the stomach Dr. Pajor László 21. Pathology of the small intestines Dr. Pajor László 22. Pathology of the colon and rectum Dr. Pajor László 23. V. Liver - biliary tract - pancreas pathology (6 lectures): Circulatory disorders of the liver. Non-viral inflammations

in the liver. Drug hepatopathies Dr. Pajor László 24. Acute viral hepatitis Dr. Pajor László 25. Chronic viral hepatitides Dr. Pajor László 26. Cirrhosis and hepatic failure Dr. Pajor László 27. Tumor-like conditions and true neoplasia of the liver. Dr. Pajor László 28. Pathology of the extrahepatic bile ducts and exocrine pancreas Dr. Pajor László 29. VI. Male genital and urinary tract (3 lectures): Pathology of the bladder and ureter. Dr. Kálmán Endre 30. Pathology of the testis and the appendices. Dr. Kálmán Endre 31. Pathology of the prostate. Pathology of the penis. Dr. Kálmán Endre 32. VII. Female genital tract (6 lectures): Pathology of the vulva and the vagina. Inflammatory lesions of the female

genital tract and STD. Dr. Kálmán Endre 33. Pathology of the cervix. Dr. Kálmán Endre 34. Pathology of the uterine corpus. Dr. Kálmán Endre 35. Pathology of the ovaries. Dr. Kálmán Endre 36. Pathology of pregnancy. (Abnormalities of implantation. Gestosis, Trophoblastic tumours). Dr. Kálmán Endre


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37. Pathology of the breast. Dr. Kálmán Endre 38. VIII. Neuropathology (6 lectures): General characteristics of the cells of the central nervous system and their

reactions to injury. Pathophysiologic alterations of the central nervous system (edema of the brain, herniations, hydrocephalus). Malformations of the brain.

Dr. Gömöri Éva 39. Cerebrovascular disorders (focal and global ischaemic laesions, intracranial haemorrhage and hypertensive vascular

lesions of the brain) Dr. Gömöri Éva 40. Degenerative disorders and dementia (Alzheimer disease, Pick disease and Parkinson disease) Dr. Gömöri Éva 41. Demyelinisation disorders: multiple sclerosis Dr. Gömöri Éva 42. Infectious diseases of the CNS (bacterial infections, virus encephalitis, opportunistic infections, AIDS, parasitic and

fungal infections). Prion disease. Dr. Gömöri Éva 43. Neuroepithelial tumours. Meningiomas. Primary brain lymphoma, metastases of the brain Dr. Gömöri Éva 44. IX. Endocrinology and soft tissue lesions (4 lectures): Pathological conditions of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal

system. Pathology of the thyroid gland I. (developmental abnormalities, hyperplasia, thyreoiditis). Dr. Tornóczky Tamás 45. Pathology of the thyroid gland (tumours) II. Pathology of the parathyroid glands Pathology of the adrenal gland. MEN Dr. Tornóczky Tamás 46. Pathogenesis of the soft tissue tumors. Fibrous, fibrohistiocyter neoplasms of the soft tissues and tumors of the fat

tissue Dr. Tornóczky Tamás 47. Tumors of the smooth- and striated muscle. Synovial neoplasms, tumors of the peripherial nerves, PNET. Dr. Tornóczky Tamás 48. X. Nephrology (5 lectures): Renal failure. Cystic diseases of the kidney. Dr. Kereskai László 49. Pathogenesis of glomerulonephritides. Dr. Kereskai László 50. Classification of glomerulonephritides Dr. Kereskai László 51. Tubulointerstitial and vascular diseases Dr. Kereskai László 52. Renal neoplasms Dr. Kereskai László 53. XI. Pathology of the skin (2 lectures): Benign and malignant tumours of the skin, premalignant lesions Dr. Kálmán Endre 54. Naevus - malignant melanoma Dr. Kálmán Endre 55. XII. Pathology of the bones (2 lectures): Hereditary, inflammatory and metabolic bone diseases. Dr. Kajtár Béla 56. Benign and malignant bone tumours Dr. Kajtár Béla

Practices

Seminars 1. week: Cardiovascular system. Preparations: Aneurysma thrombotisatum ventriculi sinistri cordis, Endocarditis septica,

Endocarditis chronica - mitral stenosis, Löffler?s endocarditis, Congestive cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Slides: Acut rheumatic myocarditis (HE), Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HE),

2. week: Cardiovascular system. Preparations: Foramen ovale late apertum, Roger?s disease, Ductus Botalli persistens, Dissecting aortal aneurysm, Luetic aortitis, Cavernous hemangioma of the liver . Slides: Arteritis temporalis (HE), Haemangioma cavernosum hepatis (HE), Kaposi sarcoma (HE)

3. week: Hematopathology. Preparations: Burkitt?s lymphoma, Multiple myeloma, CML - extreme splenomegaly, Lymphomatous polyposis of small and large intestine, . Slides: Toxoplasma lymphadenitis (HE), CLL, smear (MG), CLL liver-infiltration (HE), CLL bone marrow (HE), CLL crista biopsy demonstration (HE), Hodgkin?s disease, MC (HE), Multiple myeloma ?kidney (HE), CML, CP, smear (MG), Large B-cell lymphoma with Russel and Dutcher bodies (HE and PAS), Infectious mononucleosis aspiration cytology (picture), flow cytometry


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4. week: Pulmonology. Preparations: Foreign body in bronchi (repetition), Carcinoma of the larynx ? supra- and subglottic involovement (2 preparations), Tracheobronchitis diphterica, IRDS, corrosion preparation, Bronchiectasis, Adenocarcinoma pulmonis, Mesothelioma, . Slides: BOOP (HE), Hyalin membrane disease (PAS), Aspergillosis of the lung (HE, PAS), Pneumocystis carinii (Grocott), Wegener granulomatosis (HE), Microcellular carcinoma of the lung (HE), Planocellular carcinoma of the lung (HE), Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (HE)

5. week: Gastrointestinal pathology. Preparations: Esophageal diverticulum, Achalasia, Esophageal carcinoma, Giant hypertrophic ? Menetrier?s gastritis, Penetrating, chronic, ventricular ulcer (penetrating into pancreas), Exophyticly growing carcinoma of the stomach, Pyloric carcinoma . Slides: Pleiomorphic adenoma (HE), Helicobacter pylori infection (Whartin-Starry)

6. week: Gastrointestinal pathology. Preparations: Crohn?s disease, Colonic diverticulosis, Ulcerative colitis, Rectal polyp (repetition), Rectal adenocarcinoma (repetition) . Slides: Coeliakia ? subtotal/total villus atrophy (Marsh 3c) (HE), Crohn disease (HE), Carcinoid of the appendix (HE), Rectal adenocarcinoma

7. week: Hepatology, biliary system, pancreas. Preparations: Polycystic disease of liver and kidney, Echinococcus cysts in the liver, Atrophia hepatis flava, Macronodular (postnecrotic) cirrhosis, Focal nodular hyperplasia, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Adenocarcinoma of the gall bladder with multiple liver metastases, Pancreas carcinoma . Slides: Fibrocystic liver lesion (HE), Central hemorrhagic necrosis (HE), HBs-antigen positivism (Shikata-orcein), Alcoholic hepatitis (HE), Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis (HE)

8. week: Male genital and urinary tract. Preparations : Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder , Prostate adenocarcinoma , Chronic epididymitis. Hydrokele. Atrophia of the testes. , Mixed germ-cell tumor; seminoma and teratoma , Penal carcinoma . Slides: Urothelial carcinoma of the pyelon (HE) , Prostatic adenocarcinoma (HE) , Seminoma (HE) , Mixed grem cell tumor: teratoma and embryonal carcinoma (HE)

9. week: Female genital tract. Preparations: Carcinoma of the vulva, Uterus bicornis, Acute cervicitis, Carcinoma of the cervix, Endometrial polyp, Carcinoma of the uterine corpus, Tuboovarial abscess, Mucinous, multilocular cystadenoma of the ovary, Thecofibroma of the ovary, Dermoid cyst (repetition), Teratoma of the ovary (embryonal), Dysgerminoma, Serous papillary adenocarcinoma of fallopian tube. Slides: Endometrial adenocarcinoma (curettage) (HE), Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary (HE)

10. week: Female genital tract. Preparations: Hydatidiform mole, Fibroadenoma of the breast (repetition), Carcinoma of the breast (repetition), Mastitis carcinomatosa, Paget disease,. Slides: Hydatidiform mole (HE), Intraductal papilloma (HE), Paget-disease (HE), Invasive ductal carcinoma (HE), Mucinous carcinoma (HE)

11. week: Neuropathology. Preparations : Hydrocephalus internus, Ependymoblastoma, Cerebral purpura (repetition), Secondary hemorrhage of the pons, hematocephalus, Meningioma, High grade astrocytoma, Brainstem glioma, Glioblastoma, Medulloblastoma, Multiple brain metastases, Cerebral atrophy (repetition), Multiple sclerosis, . Slides: Prion disease, spongioform encephalopathy (HE), Meningoendothelial meningioma (HE), Ependymoma (HE), Glioblastoma (HE), Senile plaques and neurofibrillar degeneration in hippocampus (Silver impregnation)

12. week: Endocrinology and soft tissue lesions . Preparations: Craniopharyngeoma, Suprarenal cortical adenoma, Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Slides: Subacut granulomatous thyreoiditis (De Quervain) (HE), Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid (HE), Graves disease (HE) , Parathyroid adenoma (HE), Phaeochromocytoma (HE), Leiomyosarcoma (HE), Myxoid liposarcoma (HE)

13. week: Nephrology. Preparations: Polycystic kidney (infantile sponge kidney), Polycystic kidney (adult type), Pyelonephritis abscedens, Necrosis of papilla, Nephrosclerosis, Congenital hydronephrosis, Clear cell carcinoma of kidney, Wilms? tumor. Slides: Rapidly progressive GN with crescents (HE), Hyalinised glomeruli (HE), Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome (PAS), Clear cell carcinoma of the kidney (HE)

14. week: Pathology of the skeletal system and the skin. Preparations: Melanoma of the eye, Malignant melanoma with metastases (repetition), Turban tumor , Osteogenesis imperfecta, Osteogenic sarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, Osteogenic sarcoma ? radiologic picture, Osteoclastoma ? radiologic picture . Slides: Giant cell tumor of bone (osteoclastoma) (HE)

Seminars in Oral Pathology: (Dr. Tornóczki): 15. Infective inflammatory diseases of oral mucosa. Non-infective inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa. Oral

manifestations of systemic diseases. Slide: Orofacial actinomycosis 16. 2-3. Benign epithelial oral lesions. Role of the HPV subtypes in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant oral lesions.

Slides: Squamous cell papilloma, Keratoacanthoma. 17. 4-5. Precancerous states. Leukoplakia and its differential diagnostics. Erythroplakia. Malignant epithelial tumours of

the oral cavity: histotypes, localization, pathogenesis. Slides: Squamous cell carcinoma, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (lymphoepithelioma) + EBER-RNA-ISH

18. 6. Benign and malignant mesenchymal lesions of the oral cavity and the jaws. Slides: Fibrous hyperplasia, Epulis (peripheral giant cell granuloma), Pyogenic granuloma, Buccal fibroma, Granular cell tumour (Abrikosoff), Fibrous dysplasia of the jaw

19. 7-8. Inflammatory diseases of the salivary glands: sialoadenitis, sialolithiasis, Mikulicz syndrome, Sjögren syndrome. Tumour-like lesions of the salivary glands and oral mucosa. Slides: Sialoadenitis chronica in the submandibular gland (Küttner?s tumour), Lymphoepithelial cyst (intraparotideal), Mucokele (extravasating type), Sjögren syndroma

20. 9-10. Benign tumours of the salivary glands. Slides: Mixed tumour (pleiomorph adenoma), Warthin tumour (cystadenoma papillare lymphomatosum)

21. 11-12. Malignant salivary gland tumours. Slides: Adenoid cystic carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid carcinoma 22. 13-14. Odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts. Odontogen tumours. Slides: Ameloblastoma (unicystic)


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Oral Pathology Practice (autopsy demonstration): Students may participate an optional autopsy practice (2x45 min) for demonstration purpose.

Seminars in Oral Pathology: 1. Infective inflammatory diseases of oral mucosa. Non-infective inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa. Oral

manifestations of systemic diseases. 2. Benign epithelial oral lesions. Role of the HPV subtypes in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant oral lesions. 3. Precancerous states. Leukoplakia and its differential diagnostics. Erythroplakia. Malignant epithelial tumours of the

oral cavity: histotypes, localization, pathogenesis. 4. Benign and malignant mesenchymal lesions of the oral cavity and the jaws. 5. Inflammatory diseases of the salivary glands: sialoadenitis, sialolithiasis, Mikulicz syndrome, Sjögren syndrome.

Tumour-like lesions of the salivary glands and oral mucosa. 6. Benign tumours of the salivary gland. 7. Malignant salivary gland tumours. 8. Odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts. Odontogen tumours. Oral Pathology Practice (slide seminar): 1. squamous cell papilloma 2. keratoacanthoma 3. squamous cell carcinoma 4. nasopharyngeal carcinoma (lymphoepithelioma) + EBER-RNA-ISH 5. keratinising squamous metaplasia 6. epulis (peripheral giant cell granuloma) 7. pyogenic granuloma 8. buccal fibroma 9. granular cell tumour (Abrikosoff) 10. orofacial actinomycosis 11. sialoadenitis chronica in the submandibular gland (Küttner’s tumour) 12. lymphoepithelial cyst (intraparotideal) 13. mucokele (extravasating type) 14. Sjögren syndroma 15. mixed tumour (pleiomorph adenoma) 16. Warthin tumour (cystadenoma papillare lymphomatosum) 17. adenoid cystic carcinoma 18. mucoepidermoid carcinoma 19. fibrous dysplasia of the jaw 20. ameloblastoma (unicystic)

Exam topics/questions Selected exam questions of Pathology I.

I. Introduction - Postmortem changes - cell death 1. The objectives of pathology and its place among the biomedical disciplines. Significance of biopsy (surgical pathology) and

autopsy in the everyday medical practice. Brief summary of the historical development of pathology (humoral- and solidarpathology, Morgagni, Virchow, molecular pathology

2. Clinicopathology of the acute myocardial infarction

II. Degeneration, pathological accumulation, pigments, calcification 3. Pathogenesis, pathomorphology and complications of atherosclerosis 4. Hemoglobinogenic pigments I. Different forms of jaundice and cholostasis, mopholgy, differential diagnostics. 5. Hemoglobinogenic pigments II. Pathological forms of iron storage. 6. Definition and general characterisation of amyloidosis. Physico-chemical, utrastructural and histochemical nature of

amyloid. The chemical forms of amyloid fibrils. 7. Clinico-pathological forms of amyloidosis, organ manifestation (gross morphology and light microscopy)

III. Growth disturbances 8. Osteoporosis 9. Left ventricular hypertrophy. Causes, sequential compensatory changes and functionally consequences. 10. Cor pulmonale chronicum. 11. Healing by primary and secondary intention (Sanatio per primam et per secundam intentionem). Organ examples.


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IV. Thrombosis, embolism, edema, hemorrhages 12. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DlC): definition, pathomechanism, complications. 13. Clinicopathological forms of hypertension and its complications.

V. Inflammation 14. Vascular, humoral and cellular mechanisms of acute inflammations 15. Pathogenesis, pathomorphology and clinicopathology of tuberculosis 16. Autoimmune chronic inflammations. Rheumatoid arthritis

VI. Immunopathology 17. Systemic lupus erythematodes (SLE) 18. Aquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

VII. Genetics 19. Marfan and Ehlers Danlos syndromes 20. Familiar hypercholesterinaemia 21. Cystic fibrosis 22. The lysosomal storage disorders, glycogenoses, mucopolysacharidoses.

VIII. Oncology 23. General characteristics of benign and malignant tumours. Terminology and histogenetic classification and of tumours. 24. Oncopathological diagnostic strategy, grading, staging

Pathology 2 EQs

I. Cardiovascular system 1. Angina pectoris, chronic ischemic heart disease, sudden cardiac death. 2. Pathology of the valvular disorders (inflammatory and degenerative ones). 3. Cardiomyopathies. Tumors and tumor-like conditions of the heart. 4. Myocarditis. Pathology of the pericardium. 5. Congenital heart diseases. 6. Arteriolosclerosis. Types and clinicopathology of the aneurysms. 7. Pathogenesis, classification and clinicopathology of vasculitides. Vascular tumours. II. Hematopathology 8. The WHO classification of the tumors of haemopoietic and lymphoid tissues: basic principles and major categories. 9. Non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas. 10. Hodgkin lymphomas: pathogenesis, morphology and clinicopathology. 11. T/NK cell lymphomas. 12. Classification of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukaemias. 13. Chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPDs). Clinicopathology and molecular pathogenesis of CML 14. Lymphadenitis and lymphadenopathies.

III. Respiratory system 15. Non-tumorous disorders (rhinitis, sinusitis, rhinoscleroma, necrotising inflammation) and tumors of the upper airways 16. Laryngeal oedema. Laryngitis. Tumours of the larynx. 17. Congenital anomalies of the lungs, atelectasis. IRDS, ARDS. 18. General characteristics and types of chronic obstructive lung diseases. 19. Chronic restrictive lung diseases: general characteristics, etiological classification 20. Characteristics of interstitial lung disease with unknown aetiology, types. 21. Pneumonias, pulmonary abscess. Granulomatous diseases of lung. 22. Characterisation and classification of lung tumours 23. Pleural and mediastinal disorders

IV. Gastrointestinal tract 24. Developmental malformations of the face. Inflammatory and tumorous diseases of the oral cavity. 25. Pathology of the salivary glands. Odontogenic tumours 26. Diseases of the oesophagus 27. Inflammatory and ulcerative disorders of the stomach.


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28. The benign and malignant tumours of the stomach 29. Malformations of the small intestine. Malabsorption. Tumors of the small intestine. 30. Diverticulosis of the colon. Pathology of intestinal polyps. 31. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis 32. Colorectal malignancies and their relationship to polypous lesions. 33. Diseases of the appendix and the peritoneum (appendicitis, mucocele, peritonitis, retroperitoneal sclerosis, pseudomyxoma

of the peritoneum).

V. Hepatology, biliary system, pancreas 34. Hepatic lesions caused by circulatory disorders. Non-viral inflammatory diseases of the liver. Drug-hepatopathies 35. Acute viral hepatitis (aetiology, pathomorphology, complicated forms) 36. Chronic hepatitis (aetiology, types; pathomorphology and differential diagnostics, detection of virus associated antigens and

their significance) 37. Cirrhosis and hepatic failure. 38. Tumours and tumor-like conditions of the liver. 39. Cholelithiasis (aetiology and complications) and pathology of the biliary tract. 40. Acute and chronic pancreatitis. Tumours of the pancreas

VI. Male genital and urinary tract 41. Cystitides, tumours of the bladder and ureter 42. Congenital malformations, inflammations and tumors of the penis 43. Prostatitides. Hyperplasia of the prostate, complications 44. Tumours of the prostate 45. Congenital abnormalities and infammatory diseases of the testes 46. Pathology of the appendices of the testis (epidydimis, spermatic cord) Tumours of the gonadal stroma and secondary tumours. 47. Testicular germ cell tumours, classification, tumour markers

VII. Female genital tract 48. Vulvovaginitides. (Syphilis. Gonorrhoea. Lymphogranuloma venereum, HSV, HPV) PID. 49. Benign epihelial lesions of the vulva. Tumors of the vulva and vagina. 50. Inflammations, tumourlike lesions and tumours of the cervix. Carcinoma of the cervix (pathogenesis, pathomorphology,

screening). 51. Adenomyosis and endometriosis. Dysfunctional bleedings. Endometrial hyperplasia. Endometritises. 52. Epithelial benign und malignant tumours of the uterine corpus. 53. Mesenchymal tumours of the uterine corpus. Diseases of the tuba. 54. Cysts and tumours of the ovaries (surface epithelial, germ cell, sex cord-stromal tumours, metastases. 55. Pathology of pregnancy (implantation disorders, gestosis, trophoblastic tumours). 56. Mastitides (lactational, ductus ectasia, fat necrosis, galactocele). Mastopathies (fibrocystic change). Fibroepthelial tumours. 57. Breast carcinoma. Pathogenesis, types, prognosis.

VIII. Neuropathology 58. General characteristics of the cells of the central nervous system and their reactions to injury. Pathophysiologic alterations of

the central nervous system (oedema of the brain, herniations, hydrocephalus). Malformations of the brain. 59. Cerebrovascular disorders (focal and global hypoxic lesions, haemorrhages, hypertensive brain lesions) 60. Degenerative disorders of the CNS and dementia (Alzheimer and Parkinson disease). 61. Demyelinisation disorders: Multiple sclerosis 62. Infectious diseases of the CNS (bacterial,viral and fungal infections, disorders) 63. Prion disease 64. Neuroepithelial tumours of the CNS (glial, neuronal and embryonal /medulloblastoma/ tumours) 65. Meningiomas. Primary brain lymphoma, metastases of the brain

IX. Endocrinology and soft tissue lesions 66. Anterior lobe pituitary tumours and their consequences. Posterior lobe syndromes. Disorders associated with hypopituarism

(Sheehan?s syndrome, chromophobic adenoma, empty sella syndrome, suprasellar tumours) 67. Inflammatory, tumorous diseases as well as disorders associated with hyperplasia of the thyroid gland. 68. Pathology of the parathyroid glands (hyperplasia, adenoma, causes of hypoparathyreoidism). Multiplex endocrin neoplasia

syndromes. 69. Causes and clinical consequences of hyperplasia and atrophy of the suprarenal gland. Cortical tumours of the suprarenal

gland (morphology, clinical syndromes) Cortical insufficiency of the suprarenal gland. Tumors of the adrenal medulla. 70. Pathogenesis and frequency of the soft tissue tumours. Fibrous tumours and tumour-like lesions. Fibrosarcoma.

Fibromatoses. Fibrohistiocytic tumors.


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71. Tumours of the fat tissues, synovia and peripheral nerves. 72. Tumours of the smooth- and striated muscle (leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, types)

X. Nephrology 73. Renal failure, uraemia. Congenital malformations and cystic diseases of the kidney. 74. Glomerulonephritis: classification according to clinical symptoms. Histologic alterations in glomerulonephritides.

Circulating immune complex glomerulonephritis. In situ immune complex glomerulonephritis: Masugi nephritis and Heyman nephritis

75. Nephrosis syndrome: minimal change, membranous glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.

76. IgA nephropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis. Glomerular lesions associated with systemic disorders (SLE, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, Wegener?s granulomatosis, amyloidosis)

77. Nephritic syndrome (acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis). Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Diabetic nephropathy.

78. Acute tubular necrosis (ischaemic and toxic). Drug-induced (hypersensitive) interstitial nephritis, analgetic nephropathy, urate nephropathy. Acute and chronic pyelonephritis (pathogenesis, morphology, consequences and clinical course)

79. Benign and malignant nephrosclerosis and diffuse cortical necrosis. Urolithiasis and obstructive uropathy 80. Renal Tumours (cortical adenoma, juxtaglomerular tumour, oncocytoma, clear cell renal cancer, papillary carcinoma,

nephroblastoma, urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis)

XI. Pathology of the skeletal system and the skin 81. Benign and malignant tumours of the skin, premalignant lesions 82. Nevus ? malignant melanoma 83. Hereditary, inflammatory and metabolic bone diseases 84. Benign and malignant bone tumours

Exam questions in Oral pathology: 1. Infective inflammatory diseases of oral mucosa. (Stomatitis aphtosa, stomatitis herpetica, herpes labialis, mononucleosis

infectiosa, angina agranulocytica, Noma faciei, actinomycosis, candidiasis). Non-infective inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa: Oral lichen, Pemphigus vulgaris, Wegener granulomatosis, Crohn’s disease.

2. Benign epithelial oral lesions. (Squamous cell papilloma, condyloma, oral hairy leukoplakia, focal epithelial hyperplasia, verruca vulgaris). Role of the HPV subtypes in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant oral lesions.

3. Precancerous states. Leukoplakia and its differential diagnostics. Erythroplakia. Malignant epithelial tumours of the oral cavity: histotypes, localization, pathogenesis.

4. Benign and malignant mesenchymal lesions of the oral cavity and the jaws. (Inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, epulis, pyogenic granuloma-capillary haemangioma, Schwannoma, neurofibroma, neuroma, rhabdomyoma, Abrikosoff tumour, xanthoma, fibroma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, liposarcoma, multiple myeloma, Burkitt lymphoma).

5. Inflammatory diseases of the salivary glands: sialoadenitis, sialolithiasis, Mikulicz syndrome, Sjögren syndrome. Tumour-like lesions of the salivary glands and oral mucosa. (Sialoadenosis, oncocytosis, necrotizing sialometaplasia, benign lymphoepithelial lesion, salivary gland cysts, Küttner tumour/sialoadenitis submandibularis chronica, cystic lymphoid hyperplasia, mucokele).

6. Benign tumours of the salivary gland. (Monomorph adenoma, mixed tumour/pleimorph adenoma, Warthin tumour/cystadenoma papillare lymphomatosum, oncocytoma, basal cell adenoma, myoepithelioma).

7. Malignant salivary gland tumours. (Malignant mixed tumour, adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, myoepithelial carcinoma, acinic cell neoplasm, salivary duct carcinoma).

8. Odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts. Odontogen tumours.

Participants Dr. Semjén Dávid (SEDFABO.PTE), Dr. Tornóczky Tamás (TOTMABO.PTE)


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OSPSPR SURGICAL PROPAEDEUTICS

Course director: DR. GÁBOR MENYHEI , professor Department of Vascular Surgery



Prerequisites: OSAET2 completed + OSANAN completed

Topic The subject provides on overview of basic principles in general, vascular and orthopedic surgery and intensive therapy. The lectures deal with the diagnosis and treatment of the most important diseases. During practises basic examination methods practised and discussed.

Conditions for acceptance of the semester Questioning: oral examination.

Making up for missed classes According to consultation with practice leaders.

Reading material AH Kaye, J. Smith: Textbook of Surgery, Blackwell Company; 2006, ISBN: 1405126272

Lectures 1. History of surgery, asepsis, antisepsis Dr. Menyhei Gábor 1. Indication in surgery, assessment of risk, basic principles in operating theatre Dr. Menyhei Gábor 2. Wound healing Dr. Jancsó Gábor 2. Principles of wound management, first aid Dr. Jancsó Gábor 3. Surgical infections Dr. Hardi Péter 3. Antibiotics in surgery Dr. Hardi Péter 4. Principles of anaesthesia Dr. Bogár Lajos 4. Types of anaesthesia Dr. Bogár Lajos 5. Intensive therapy, resuscitation, shock management Dr. Bogár Lajos 5. Preoperative assessment and management Dr. Bogár Lajos 6. Principles of trauma management I. Dr. Vámhidy László 6. Principles of trauma management II. Dr. Vámhidy László 7. Pulmonary surgery Dr. Szántó Zalán 7. Non-pulmonary thoracic surgery Dr. Szántó Zalán 8. Chronic diseases of veins and lymphatics Dr. Menyhei Gábor 8. Acute diseases of veins Dr. Menyhei Gábor 9. Vascular surgery: Occlusive diseases. Diagnosis and management Dr. Jancsó Gábor 9. Carotid stenosis and arterial aneurysms Dr. Jancsó Gábor 10. Surgery of thyroid and parathyroid glands Dr. Hardi Péter


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10. Diseases of breast Dr. Hardi Péter 11. Surgery of oesophagus, stomach and duodenum Dr. Arató Endre 11. Surgery of pancreas and spleen Dr. Arató Endre 12. Surgery of liver Dr. Hardi Péter 12. Surgery of gallbladder and bile ducts Dr. Hardi Péter 13. Diseases of small and large bowels Dr. Benkő László 13. Diseases of rectum and anus Dr. Benkő László 14. Principles in oncology. Diagnostics and management Dr. Benkő László 14. Surgery of acute abdomen Dr. Benkő László

Practices 1. General Surgery Dr. Fazekas Gábor 2. General Surgery Dr. Jancsó Gábor 3. General Surgery Dr. Hardi Péter 4. Intensive Therapy Dr. Bogár Lajos 5. Intensive Therapy Dr. Bogár Lajos 6. Traumatology Dr. Wiegand Norbert 7. Thoracic surgery Dr. Szántó Zalán 8. Vascular Surgery Dr. Jancsó Gábor 9. General Surgery Dr. Fazekas Gábor 10. General Surgery Dr. Hardi Péter 11. General Surgery Dr. Benkő László 12. General Surgery Dr. Hardi Péter 13. General Surgery Dr. Benkő László 14. General Surgery Dr. Benkő László

Seminars

Exam topics/questions According to lecture topics.

Participants Dr. Benkő László (BELFAAO.PTE), Dr. Bogár Lajos (BOLGAAO.PTE), Dr. Fazekas Gábor (FAGFABO.PTE), Dr. Hardi Péter (HAPFAAO.PTE), Dr. Jancsó Gábor (JAGMAAO.PTE), Dr. Szántó Zalán (SZZFAAO.PTE), Dr. Wiegand Norbert (WINPAAP.PTE)


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OSPSZP ORAL SURGERY: BASICS

Course director: DR. LAJOS OLASZ , professor Dept. of Dentistry, Oral-, Maxillofacial Surgery



Prerequisites: OSAANY completed + OSANAN completed + OSPFPP completed

Topic The aim of this subject is to introduce the fundaments of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Especially dental local anesthesia and tooth extractions. Exercising dental local anesthetic methods and to become experienced in daily tooth extractions.

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

Making up for missed classes No possibility.

Reading material Stanley F. Malamed: Local anesthesia (1990), Mosby Larry J. Peterson, Edward Ellis III, James R. Hupp, Myron R. Tucker: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (1998)

Lectures 1. Principles of dentoalveolar surgery and the relationship with dental practice Dr. Szalma József 2. Maxillofacial clinical anatomy Dr. Szalma József 3. Principles of asepsis and antisepsis Dr. Szalma József 4. Instrumentation of an clinical oral surgery practice Dr. Szalma József 5. Clinical pharmacology of local anesthesia, physiology of pain Dr. Szalma József 6. Local anesthetic methods in the maxilla. Dr. Szalma József 7. Local anesthetic methods in the mandible Dr. Szalma József 8. Extraoral anesthetic methods, the complications of local anesthesia Dr. Olasz Lajos 9. Typical tooth extractions (using forceps). Dr. Szalma József 10. Instructions and motivating after extractions Dr. Szalma József 11. General systemic diseases in dental practice Dr. Olasz Lajos 12. Prevention and management of medical emergencies in the dental chair Dr. Szalma József 13. Antibiotic prophylaxis and therapy Dr. Szalma József 14. The role of diagnostic methods making diagnosis Dr. Olasz Lajos

Practices To get experience in dental routine anesthesia and extracting more than 30 teeth

Seminars


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Exam topics/questions 1. Asepsis in dental practice. (Disinfection, sterilization and aseptic methods.) 2. The kind of local anesthetic solutions and their pharmacology. 3. The equipment of local anesthesia. 4. Armamentarium for basic oral surgery. 5. Typical tooth extractions. 6. The pharmacology of antibiotics. 7. The complications of dental local anesthesia. 8. Maxillofacial anatomy and the fundaments of oral surgery. 9. Antibiotic prophylaxis. 10. Type of elevators. 11. The physiology of pain. 12. Anatomy of maxillary nerve (V/2). 13. Extraoral anesthetic methods. 14. Anesthetic methods of maxillary teeth. 15. Extraction forceps. 16. Anesthetic methods of mandibular teeth. 17. Specification for the use of elevators. 18. The anatomic property of the teeth by extraction. 19. Frequent general systemic diseases in dental practice. 20. Instructions and motivating after extractions. 21. The armamentarium for tooth removing. 22. Disinfection and sterizilation in clinical practice. 23. Anatomy of mandibular nerve (V/3). 24. Anatomy of mandible and maxilla. 25. The branches of carotid artery. (Art. carotis int. and ext.) 26. The connection between upper teeth and the maxillary sinus. 27. Anatomy of salivary glands. 28. Management of dental emergency. 29. The type of diagnostic methods making diagnosis in oral surgery. 30. The lymphatic system of head and neck.

Participants Dr. Gelencsér Gábor (GELADOB.PTE), Dr. Olasz Lajos (OLLPAAP.PTE), Dr. Orsi Enikő (OREFABO.PTE), Dr. Szalma József (SZJFACO.PTE)

STUDY PROGRAM 2011/2012 Subjects of the Preclinical module...

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