STUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF GREEN BUILDINGS … · The imminent construction technology has innumerable...

STUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF GREEN BUILDINGS

CONSTRUCTED WITH SPECIAL MATERIALS

S. Venkatraman1, Dr. V. Ramasamy

2

Assistant Professor1 ,Department of Civil Engineering

1,2

BIST, BIHER, Bharath University.

Principal2, Adhiparasakthi Engineering College

2, Melmaruvathur

[email protected]

Abstract: This article mainly focuses on structures constructed with special materials which

have less impact towards the environmental pollution. The study was carried out with various

admixtures, building materials and chemicals which give an efficient way for construction in the

future generations. These admixtures and building materials are tested and proved that it is

energy efficient, water efficient, pollution free, maintenance less and wastage reduction. The

main perception is to make the project suitable for making the environment cleaner in cost

efficient way where the city facing heavy pollutions. The result shows that using the upcoming

admixture, effective building and pavement constructions reduce the pollution impact and make

our surrounding pollution free in many effective protocols. The information provided in this

paper is taken from various journals and research publications.

Keyword: Titanium dioxide, poly ethylene glycol, photo catalyst, rammed earth, grass Crete,

insulated concrete forms.

I. INTRODUCTION

The imminent construction technology has innumerable impacts on our environment, social and

economic impacts on the society, the developing building construction, activities, and industries have an

impact in our natural lifecycle. Due to this conventional building and deeds, it has a negative impact on

our atmosphere. According to the council of the sustainable development conventional building accounts

for more than 70% of environmental impacts, they produce Green House Gas emission (GHG) this is

mainly responsible for global warming and the level of carbon emission has increased. In addition, the

renovation[1-6], refurbishment and retrofitting of the building will involve the consumption of natural

resources and energy; GHG emission; production of noise and other pollutants as well. At the end of life

of buildings, the disposal of buildings is also associated with 3energy consumption and waste production.

In 2007, the waste generated from the construction industry in India reached 16.6 million tons. This

accounted for 38% of total waste, of which 43% was sent to landfill. This is compounded by the

International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 119 No. 12 2018, 9019-9033ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu

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prediction made by the International Energy Agency that the commercial buildings and institutional

buildings will rise two times by 2030.

Hence for these motives, the green solutions for the building are brought up. Generally, green building is

known as green construction or sustainable building this considers both the structural and the

implicational aspects. The main motive is to construct in the method of wisely using resources to create

high-quality, healthier and more energy-efficient homes. To prove that they are effectively the leading

green building assessment tools are conceived, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED),

Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM, United Kingdom), Green Building Council. Many new

inventions in Nano technology system for building materials are also briefed. These common themes are

discussed in detail in the following sections[7-14].

II. Green Housing

Green building is about making the best use of resources during all stages of construction. By

combining a system of components and materials that work in harmony with one another, the goal is to

create an energy-efficient, water-saving structure with a low carbon footprint. While selecting the right

materials is a large part of green building. The main aspects are,

Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources

Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity

Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation.

It is well recognized that there are a number of benefits associated with green buildings. From

environmental perspective, green buildings help to improve the urban biodiversity and protect the eco-

system by means of sustainable land use. Reduction of construction and demolition waste is a critical

component of sustainable building design[15-23].

Reason for rectification: The environmental impacts of buildings are enormous. Conventional buildings

use large amounts of energy, land, water, and raw materials for their construction and operation. They are

responsible for large greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as well as emissions of other harmful air

pollutants. They also generate large amounts of construction and demolition (C&D) waste and have

serious impacts on plants and wildlife. An analysis of these issues demonstrates the scope of the problem. In addition, green building materials generally result in reduced maintenance and replacement costs over

the life of the building, conserve energy, and improve occupant health and productivity

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

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A. Energy Efficiency:

The main intention of this system is to reduce the usage of energy that is caused while installation of

the building materials, usage of electricity and air leakages etc. To reform this problem many

modernizations are manufactured. By the usage of solar panels in the roof tops is a major factor where up

to 20% to 25% of the electricity can be saved. Mainly the electricity is used in the day time, 75% of the

heat is obtained by the solar heating (sun light) we can alternate to the air conditioner usage by installing

green building materials such as[24-30],

Cavity walls: It is used to reduce heat loss through a cavity wall by filling the air space with material that

inhibits heat transfer. This immobilizes the air within the cavity (air is still the actual insulator),

preventing convection, and can substantially reduce space heating costs.

B. Water Efficiency:

Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are key objectives in sustainable building.

They can be conserved and controlled in many ways,

Self-Curing Concrete: Curing of concrete is maintaining satisfactory moisture content in concrete during

its early stages in order to develop the desired properties. Here the mechanical properties of the concrete

are studied and the admixtures such as poly ethylene glycol, super absorbent polymer are induced. This

concrete member is then compared to the conventional system. The result obtained is that the self-curing

concrete attained greater strength and the amount of water used for curing is reduced[31-35].

Water Conserving Fixtures: This is a very easy method for water conservation, here some system such as

ultra-low flush toilets, low-flow shower heads and by reducing the water pressure in the faucet etc... Even

by this tranquil methods about 44000 gallons of water can be saved per month.

Plumbing System: Faucets discharge ranges between 5 p.m. to 8 p.m. Showers discharge ranges between

10 p.m. to 151 .p.m. Water Closet (W.C.) discharge ranges between 7 l .p.m. to 12 l .p.m. by following

this efficient method about 20 gallons of water is saved per day in each home[36-41].

Material Efficiency:

There are various building materials that are virtually used but many products are not eco-friendly in

order to attain the green solution the products should be non-toxic, reusable, renewable and recyclable.

Some of them are discussed below,

Engineered Wood:

These woods are fabricated under a high temperature and pressure. They are completely covered with the

sealant. They can be alternated with the concrete structures. These woods attain the same strength of the

concrete structure. Engineered wood products are used in a variety of ways, often in applications similar

to solid wood products. Engineered wood products may be preferred over solid wood for sustainable and

environmental friendly design.

1(a). Fiber Board: they are of both hard and soft wood and made up of wood fibers, wax and resin

binders. (Classification is given in EN 622, EN634 and EN645).


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1(b). Particle Board: they are of hard and soft woods and mixtures are wood chips, sand particles, and

synthetic resins. (EN 1193).

1(c). Glulam: this is also known as laminated timber or veneers (EN387, EN390, and EN391). These

woods have the strength similar to steel or concrete structures. Here they are laid about many layers and

they are bonded with resins such as urea formaldehyde, phenol, and melamine.

These woods are used alternatively because they are reusable, renewable and recyclable; they cause no

impact on environment[42-45].

III. Imminent Innovative Products

The main objective of green building concept is to develop buildings which use the natural resources to

the minimal at the time of construction as well as operation. The technique of green building maximizes

the use of efficient construction materials and practices. Here few advancement techniques and materials

are briefed,

(a). EPS Cement sandwich panel: this is a kind of light weighted energy saving wall material this is

composed of calcium silicate mixed with cement and Expanded Polystyrene foam as the core particles.

This is a CE Certified product, ISO9001 Certified. They are water proof, fire proof, eco-friendly, good

and thermal insulation, sound absorption and have a good sealing performance. The work is easy, flexible

and fast to install. They have bright appearance, good finishing and no need of further outer coating. This

material can be used for the replacement of compound wall, exterior finishing, warehouses, etc.

(b). Low E Glass: The main objective of this glass is to detour away the sunlight. Here about 86% to 92%

of the heat is emitted refracted away from entering into our building. They are the multi layered plastic

sputtered film they are made up of metal oxides, oxides and nitrites compounds, they also consist of a

vacuum chamber where the heat can be dissipated. They consists about 13 layered films where each

thickness is about human hair size. This glass cost is higher than the usual glass we use (5 % higher). Still

comparatively the heat impact is reduced up to 90%.

(c). Titanium Dioxide: it is a photo catalytic material. The main purpose of TiO2 it is a self-cleaning

material that is, super-hydrophobic or super-hydrophilic materials. It is a semi-conducting material it is

activated by sunlight. The specialty in TiO2 is they can reflect away the UV radiations, air and water

purifier, have anti-bacterial properties. They are mainly used in the polluted cities. Their main aim is they

are water efficient and the maintenance cost is less. They give cleaner environment[46-50].

(d). Grasscrete: this can be done alternate to paver block. They are Eco-Friendly. It is a cellular concrete

structure with voids which are filled with the grass. It resist differential settlements, drainage capabilities

are increased, it is very economical, maintenance cost is less and waste produced while reconstruction is

comparatively very less.


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IV. Comparative Evidence

Since economy is a major factor in construction of building in India there is a need of concentrating in the

greener homes, this factor is becoming very important because we are in the age of global warming and

climate change is happening worldwide. Main aim is that they minimize the non-renewable resources

comparatively. Up to 70% of the waste impact has been reduced and they are proved.

Fig. 1. Comparision between conventional and green housing

Fig. 2. Efficiency obtained by green building.

Software and Certification.

(a). LEED - Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is changing the way we think about how

buildings and communities are planned, constructed, maintained and operated. Leaders around the world


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have made LEED the most widely used third-party verification for green buildings, with around 2.2

million square feet being certified daily. LEED-certified buildings are resource efficient. They use less

water and energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As an added bonus, they save money.

Examples of Green building in India and Certified by LEED:

1. Suzlon one earth – Pune

2. RGIA Airport – Hyderabad

3. CII Business Centre – Hyderabad

4. Infosys limited – Mysore

5. Infinity Benchmark – Kolkata

6. I-gate – Noida

(b). IDP Environment Code: The Code is intended as a good practice global standard for measuring the

environmental performance of corporate buildings. Its aim is to accurately measure and manage the

environmental impacts of corporate buildings[9-14]. They contain environmental strategy, environmental

plans, life cycle assessment and proper ecological management.

(c). BEES Software: Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability (BEES). It is an automated

approach for measuring the life-cycle assessment, plus environmental and economic performance of a

building product. They analyzes all stages in the life of a product including raw-material acquisition,

manufacture, transportation, installation, use, recycling and waste management. So the complete

economic and the environmental assessment report are obtained.

Some Green Building constructed In India:

CASE STUDY 1: Shapath.V, Ahmedabad.

Major Features: Energy efficient building, they are about 11 floors, multi levelled parking, water

recycling, 40% water efficient, onsite water sewage plant, eco-friendly, low E glass and double glazed

glasses are used and all renewable materials used.

Credentials: Shapath V is a „gold-certified‟ green building. This building is under the green architecture

plan and is certified under LEED associations. They also control the CO2 levels produced in the building.

CASE STUDY 2: Solaris, Visat-motera.

Major Features: Low Energy Cost, water meter, water recycling, 60% open space ventilations, and

percolation wells, water suits, fly ash bricks are used, non VOC paints and only LED fixtures are used.

Credentials: they are Environmental friendly; they are low energy cost, certified by LEED associations.

Environmental impacts are less.


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CASE STUDY 3: Suzlon One Earth, Pune.

Objective: This significantly unique office is designed by Christopher Charles, Pune based architect and

has received LEED Platinum rating in 2010. This magnificent structure is one of the largest green

building projects of the country and is also one of the India‟s first buildings to be LEED certified.

Credentials: Suzlon one earth is 100% powered by onsite and offsite renewable sources. The campus has

18 hybrid wind turbines that fulfil 7% of the total energy consumption, the rest of energy demand is met

from offsite wind turbines. The structure is designed in a way to ensure maximum daylight exposure

thereby reducing artificial lighting consumption. The infrastructure within the campus is designed to

enable water percolation and thereby control storm water runoff thus, contributing towards an increased

water table level[17-23].

V. Conclusion

Green building is a financially, health, and most importantly environmentally responsible idea that more

people need to adopt. The LEED is developed in order to help customers, designers, and builders to work

together to create buildings with the minimal impact on the environment possible. Many building

materials and renewable energy sources exists to lessen one‟s impact upon the environment. Through

educating, making environmentally products more readily accessible and reliable, and by providing

government incentives it is possible to encourage more people to adopt green building and all of the

benefits that come along with it. So by gaining the importance on the green building ultimately the

climatic effects, environmental impacts and the human health can be improvised extensively. Hence


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adopting this green building system all the national issues can be resolved and a better, purer environment

will be accomplished for the future generations. Since Go Green has become a global slogan today it is

our need to save the environment which is the resource of life on earth.

These buildings are dynamic environments that responds to their occupants their changing needs and

lifestyle. This presentation provide documented evidence to educate and give information to the owners,

builders a brief knowledge on the sustainable development of green building and our environment.

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STUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF GREEN BUILDINGS … · The imminent construction technology has innumerable...

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