Study of Biology

What is Biology?Biology is the study of all living things Living things are called organismsOrganisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals

All Living Things Share Common

Characteristics1. Basic Unit is the Cell

(Have order)2. They Reproduce3. All Based On Universal

Genetic Code (DNA)4. Grow & Develop

Common Characteristics

5. Obtain & Use Materials & Energy (Metabolism)

6. Respond To Their Environment

7. Maintain A Stable Internal Environment

8. AS A GROUP, Living Things Evolve, That Is They Change Over Time

Characteristics of Organisms

All Organisms are made of Cells

Cell FactsCells are the smallest living unit of an organismCells are complex & highly organized

Organisms are Grouped by their Number of Cells

Unicellular Organisms–Living Organism Made Up Of One Cell

Multicellular Organisms–Living Organism Made Up Of Many, Specialized Cells

Organisms Reproduce to Pass on their Genetic Traits

Two Types of Reproduction

Sexual Asexual Reproduction

Reproduction

Cells Have a Genetic Code

Genetic Code

DNA carries the genetic code for all organismsAll organisms contain DNA

Organisms Grow & Develop

Growth & DevelopmentOrganisms grow by producing MORE CELLS & by cell ENLARGEMENTOrganisms develop as they mature into an adult organism

Cells Require Food & Energy

MetabolismSum of all the chemical reactions in an organismAll require energySunlight is the ultimate energy for life on Earth

MetabolismCellular Respiration –Cells releasing the chemical energy stored in foods

6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O

Organisms Respond to Stimuli

Organisms Respond to stimuli (Temperature, Water, Food Supplies, etc.) In Order To Survive & Reproduce

Maintaining Stable Internal Environment

Keeping The Internal Environment balanced = (Homeostasis)Stable internal conditions of pH, temperature, water balance, etc.

Living Things EvolveGroups Of Organisms (Not Individuals) Change Over Time In Order To Survive Within Changing Environments.Fossil records show changes in groups of organisms

Life is Organized on Several Levels

LevelsBiosphereEcosystemCommunityPopulation

LevelsOrganismsOrgan SystemOrgansTissuesCells – life starts hereOrganellesMoleculesAtomsSubatomic Particles