Study Guide Tissues
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EPITHELIALSHAPESARRANGEMENT OF CELLSGLANDSCHARACTERISTICS
Cuboidal: Dice shaped cell for secretion (kidney, glands)Columnar: brick-shaped cells secretion-absoption (instestines: juices, nutrients)Squamous: platelike cells for exchange by diffusion (lungs, capillaries). EpidermisSimple: One layerStratified: MultilayerPseudostratified: Looks like multiple, but is single because of different height and nucleus position.Exocrine: ducts that secrete to a surface.Endocrine: Ductless, pass materials into the bloodstream.Polarized: Apical surface (lumen-outisde of organ) with projectionsBasal surface: opposite ite of each epithelium
CONNECT IVEBone: mineralized. Osteoblasts-deposits matrix of collagen. Ions+matrix=hard material. Osteons: repeating units with concentric layers of matrix. Produce marrow-plasma cells. Spongy (cancellous) bone surrounded by compact.Fibrous: dense with collagenous fibers. Tendons: muscles to bone. Ligaments: bone to joints.Loose: (collagen) Most common. Binds epithelia to underlying tissues, holds organs into place. (support, elasticity)Adipose: stores fat in adipose cells (adipocytes) throughout matrix. Pads, insulates body. Cartilage: collagenous tissue embedded in protein-carbohydrate complex (chondroitin sulfate), secrete chondroitin. Chondrocytes secrete collagen and chondroitin. (ribs, ears, joints)Blood: Plasma-matrix containing water, salts, and proteins. Collagenous fibers: strength, flexibility.Reticular fibers: jojn connective tissue to adjacent tissues.Elastic fibers: Elasticity.
Blast: build Clast: remove materialCytes: maintain
MUSCLESkeletal: Sarcomeres (units)-striated muscle, attached to bones by tendons. Voluntary movement. Consists of muscle fibers (fuse in development-many nuclei). Adult increase size but no mass.Smooth: lacks striations. Intestine, urinary bladder, arteries, internal organs. Involuntary movement. Pindle shaped. Cardiac: Contractile wall of the heart. Striated. Fibers that interconnect via intercalated disks, rlay signals, synchronize heat contraction.
Responsible for movement. Filaments containing proteins (actin, myosin) that enable muscle contraction.
NEURONALImformation recepeit, processing, transmission. Neurons- transmit nerve impulses, support glial cells (glia-nourish, insulate, replenish neurons, sometimes modulate neuron function)Basic units of nervous system. Receive nerve impulses via cell body and dendrites. Transmit impulses to cells via axon.