STUDY GUIDE REVIEW

The cell unit

QUESTION 1

Use the three points of the cell theory to explain

how humans and bacteria are similar.

ANSWER

Yours should be in sentence format….mine is bullet

format

Both humans and bacteria are made up of cell(s)

Cells make up tissue…organs and organ systems in

humans. Bacteria is one cell no nucleus– DNA is

inside of cytoplasm.

All cycles undergo mitosis including both bacteria

and human cells.

QUESTION 2

Compare and Contrast plant and animal cells.

ANSWER

Both animal and plant cells have a nucleus. They are

both multicellular.

Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplast- animal cells do

not.

Plant cells make glucose and oxygen through the process

of photosynthesis

Their shapes are different: plant cell are more

rectangular vs. irregular animal cell.

QUESTION 3

Explain the process of osmosis. Use examples

from our lab (egg osmosis lab) to support your

answer.

ANSWER:

Osmosis is the diffusion of water. Diffusion is the process in

which molecules from a high concentration move to an area of

lower concentration.

In our lab, vinegar went from the container (high concentration

of water) to inside the egg. Solutions like limeade, mountain dew,

and coke did the same. When students placed maple syrup in the

cup the water from the egg went into the liquid surrounding the

egg ie. wrinkled shell, hard yolk etc.

H O W I S A C E L L M E M B R A N E L I K E A W I N D O W S C R E E N ? H O W I S T H E

F U N C T I O N I M P O RTA N T T O T H E C E L L ? I M P O RTA N T T O C E L L ?

ANSWER

The cell membrane is most similar to a window screen

because window screen let air (gases) in but not insects etc.

The cell membrane is selectively permeable made up of a

lipid bi-layer only letting in molecules that can fit through!

The function is important to the cell because otherwise

there would not be an equilibrium.

THREE EVENTS OCCUR DURING CELL CYCLE

ANSWER:

Interphase: cell growth/development; DNA

replication, prepares to be divided

Mitosis: Cell division: a. Prophase b. Metaphase c.

Anaphase and d. Telophase--------one copy of DNA is

distributed into each of the two daughter cells.

Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm divides and the organelles

are distributed into each of the two new cells.

EXPLAIN THE PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

ANSWER

EXPLAIN HOW ACT IVE TRANSPORT IS D IFFERENT FROM OSMO SIS

ANSWER

Active transport is the movement of materials

through a cell membrane using cellular energy.

Active transport requires the cell to use its own

energy, while in osmosis no energy is used.

WOULD A TISSUE OR ORGAN HAVE MORE SPECIALIZED

CELLS?

ANSWER:

An organ is made up of many different tissues.

Each tissue has specialized cells so an organ would

have more specialized cells than one type of tissue.

For instance: Connective tissue vs. Small Intestine

COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE WORK OF ROBERT HOOKE AND

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

ANSWER:

Robert Hooke: observe cells first; inventor; built his own

compound microscope; observe thin slice of cork; coined the

name “cell”

Anton van Leeuwenhoek: observe tiny objects with

microscopes; Dutch businessman; built simple microscopes; tiny

organisms moved looked at teeth, and gums. He called them

animalcules meaning little animalcules meaning little animals.

C O M PA R E A N D C O N T R A S T T H E F U N C T I O N S O F T H E C E L L WA L L A N D T H E C E L L M E M B R A N E I N P L A N T A N D

A N I M A L C E L L S

ANSWER:

Cell membrane: forms outside boundry of cell

seperates cell from environment.

In plant cells the cell membrane is next to the cell

wall towards the inside of the cell.

Cell membrane controls what substances come into

and out of a cell.

PART 2:

Cell Wall: is a rigid layer of nonliving material that

surrounds the cells of plants and some other

organisms. The cell wall protects and supports the

cell. Cell wall made up of cellulose!

In animal cells…no cell wall but many have

cytoskeleton!