Study Guide for Age of Enlightenment

Ch 6Sections 1-4

NAME THAT PHILOSOPHER

• This philosopher’s use of satire got him into trouble with the Church, the nobles, and his government. He never stopped fighting for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion and speech.

• VOLTAIRE

NAME THAT PHILOSOPHER

• This political thinker felt that people were reasonable beings. He supported self-government and argued that government need to protect the natural rights of the people. If it did not, the people had the right to overthrow it and get a new government.

• LOCKE

NAME THAT PHILOSOPHER

• This aristocratic philosopher wrote a famous book The Spirit of the Laws. He proposed that separation of powers would keep any individual from gaining control of the government.

• MONTESQUIEU

NAME THAT PHILOSOPHER

• This philosopher’s ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and North America. He argued against cruel and unusual punishment.

• BECCARIA

NAME THAT PHILOSOPHER

• This philosopher disagreed with other philosophers. He argued that civilization corrupts people’s natural goodness. But he did argue for the General Will of the people-Majority rule with minority rights.

• Rousseau

True or False

• In general, the philosophers believed that societies could progress (improve).

• TRUE

Frederick II supported which of the following ideas

• Freedom of worship• Christian religion• Wealthy landowners• Direct democracy

Thomas Hobbes and Catherine the Great were similar because both

• Were influenced by John Locke• Affected by the horrors of the

English Civil War• Both believed that a monarch

should have absolute authority.• Were influenced by Voltaire

True or False

• American colonists protested “no taxation without representation” because of the Navigation Acts.

• FALSE . It was the STAMP ACT

The Declaration of Independence was written by

• John Adams• Thomas Jefferson• Benjamin Franklin• Patrick Henry

How did the Declaration of Independence embody Enlightenment Ideals?• It said that people had the right to life,

liberty and the pursuit of happiness.• It stated that all titles of nobility should

be abolished.• It protected the rights of the accused

and prohibited cruel punishment• It set up checks and balances to power

The first national government of the 13 individual states was created by…

• Articles of Confederation• Constitution• Declaration of Independence• Navigation Acts

Which of the following was created by the Artcles of Confederation?• Congress• Supreme Court• Office of the President• Office of the Vice-President

True or False

• Montesquieu influenced the Constitution with his ideas about public elections.

• FALSE. Separation of powers into 3 branches of government: law makers from rulers from courts was his idea.

The U.S. Bill of Rights was influenced by

• Voltaire• John Locke• Jean Jacques Rousseau• All of the above

In which of the following ways did the taxation problem in America differ before and after independence?

• Before were too many British taxes; after were not enough federal taxes

• Before were too few British taxes; after were too many federal taxes

Can you answer this?

• In what ways did the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights reflect Enlightenment ideas?

• If you can’t check out the chart on page 209 in your text book.

Can you answer this?

• What influence did the ideas of John Locke have on the Declaration of Independence.

• If you can’t check out the easy version of the Declaration of Independence.

Can you answer this?

• How did the ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire, and Beccaria influence the U.S. Constitution?

• If you can’t check out the charts on 198 and 209 in your text book.