Study Guide Chapter 8

Fruit Fly starvation experiment

Charles Darwin and his voyage

Thomas Malthus's 1798 work, Essay on the Principle of Population

Evolution is defined as:

unit for defining and measuring genetic variation

species

population

gene pool

natural selection

mutation

mutagens

migration

genetic drift

disruptive selection

directional selection.

the bottleneck effect.

stabilizing selection.

founder effect.

During gene flow, where do the genes flow to?

Heritable

pesticide resistance

Artificial selection

inheritable variation.

inheritable variation.

“Survival of the fittest” may be a misleading phrase to describe the process of evolution by natural selection because:

Extinction

What is the difference between artificial selection and natural selection?

short generation time.

Genetic variation

Phenotype

Human birth weight is a classic example of the results of:

Convergent evolution

homology in vertebrate forelimbs

vestigial structure?

age of Planet Earth

biogeography

genetic differences

Chapter 9

Communication

Cooperation

Courtship

Sociability

Regulation

Human preference for fatty foods

“Energy to Effort”

Instincts

Learned behaviors

Fixed action patterns

Innate

Goose-egg retrieval behavior

Male sticklebacks and their red bellies

Language acquisition and prepared learning

Incest avoidance in humans

Altruism

Kin selection

Reciprocal altruism

Belding’s ground squirrels

Kin selection in humans, estate planning, wills

Gestational diabetes

W.D. Hamilton’s rule

Vampire bats

Reproductive investment

Difference between male and female gametes

Paternal uncertainty

Energy investment in reproduction

Bush crickets

Mate guarding

Black widow spiders

Birds and monogamy

Polygamy and monogamy, mating systems

Elephant seals

Communication

Honeybee waggle dance