Studiu Directiva ZGOMOT 16 10

8/10/2019 Studiu Directiva ZGOMOT 16 10

1/271

Stieltjesweg 1

P.O. Box 155

2600 AD Delftwww.tno.nl

T +31 15 269 20 00

F +31 15 269 21 11

[email protected]

TNO report

MON-RPT-033-DTS-2007-02554

Study on the experience in the implementation andadministration of Directive 2000/14/EC relating tothe noise emission in the environment byequipment for use outdoors - Final ReportEU Tender No. ENTR/05/105

Contract No. 2006 / SI2.449579

Date September 28, 2007

Author(s) M. Dittrich (TNO)H.J. Beckmann (TV-Nord)P. Cellard (LNE)A. Bowker (VCA)

Assignor European Commission DG Enterprise and Industry

Project number 033.11768

Number of pages 271 (incl. appendices)Number of appendices


2/271

TNO report| MON-RPT-033-DTS-2007-02554 | v4.3 | September 28, 2007 2 / 235


3/271


Summary

The NOMEVAL project is a study on the experience in the implementation and

administration of Directive 2000/14/EC relating to the noise emission in theenvironment by equipment for use outdoors.

The main objectives of the study are the following:- to review the existing available noise data and to assess the comparison of

measured and guaranteed noise levels, feasibility of stage I limits, stage IIlimits and stricter limits. This is done only on the basis of a statistical analysis;

- to formulate a statement of the need for revision of the lists in Articles 12 and13, especially whether new equipment should be added in either Article 12 orArticle 13;

- to formulate a statement of the need and possibilities for revision of the limit

values laid down in Article 12 taking into account technological development;- to formulate a statement setting out an integrated range of instruments to be

used in continuing the reduction of noise by equipment.

From the assessment of the database it can be concluded that it could be used for thestatistical analysis, although for some equipment types, insufficient data is present.Some data errors were eliminated from the analysis were possible. However it was notalways clear whether actual entered level were correct or not, although generally theequipment types and models seemed correct. Such errors could be prevented in futureby automated data input checking.

Some general shortcomings of the database are:- the technical parameter often missing and not always defined, especially for article 13equipment;- a lot of data from important manufacturers are obviously missing;- electrical and combustion engine powered equipment is often mixed in the database;- for the quality of data, essential parameters should be included in the DOC.The results of the statistical analysis were used where possible and consideredacceptable as a background reference for the proposals for limit changes.

Two consultations were performed, one with environmental NGOs, national andmunicipal autorities, notified bodies and market surveillance authorities, the secondwith manufacturing companies and industry associations.

The environmental and industry consultations have some results in common. Inparticular the lack of market surveillance and enforcement, the clarity of noise markingand shortcomings in some of the test codes seem to be agreed on. Suggestions forseveral new equipment types and a number of limit proposals were derived from theenvironmental consultation, some of which were retained in later proposals.The market surveillance of the directive is generally considered insufficient and leads tounfair competition from non-compliant suppliers who make less costs. Manyrespondents would prefer a simplification of the directive. Uncertainty is an issue whichmanufacturers would like to have clearer rules for and would prefer to handle itthemselves. The EC database in its current form to contain many errors and needs

improving in the form of an IT tool as is currently underway.


4/271


Most companies state that there is little demand for quieter equipment and thereforelittle direct financial benefit. However R&D on noise reduction is performed in manycompanies and many known noise reduction solutions are applied.

For many equipment types and for new ones, improvements to the test cycles or testcodes have been made.

The overall environmental impact has been assessed for all the equipment types in thedirective and for potential new equipment types. Based on this, 12 high and mediumpriority types for Article 12 limit changes were identified. For the remaining Article 12types, limit changes are expected to have much less impact. For Article 13 equipment, agroup of 18 equipment types has been identified that clearly would be worth moving toArticle 12. For potentially new equipment types, 9 out of 21 were shown to be potentialcandidates for addition to the Article 13 list, based on the expected environmentalimpact. Limit changes of 3 dB or moving equipment from article 13 to 12, is mosteffective for those types with a high environmental impact, as it affects most people.

A general analysis of available technical knowledge and progress was made.The common noise sources and relevant noise control measures for the equipment in thedirective and potential new equipment were reviewed. Future trends and developments,common constraints and design conflicts such as noise emission versus coolingrequirements in combustion engines were reviewed. Also links to other Europeandirectives are covered, especially the Exhaust Directive and the Machinery Directive.

For moving equipment into Article 13 or from Article 13 to article 12, the technicalimpact is generally small, as labelling or initial limits are only intended to result inapplying known techniques and existing components for noise reduction, and to

eliminate unnecessarily noisy equipment. Introduction of stage II limits for currentArticle 12 equipment would have strongest technical impact on combustion engineconcrete breakers and picks, steel-tracked dozers and loaders. Currently there is moreresearch required to reduce steel track noise further before introducing the stage II limit.

For the other equipment with indicative stage II noise limits, such as lawnmowers, lawntrimmers, vibratory plates, lift trucks and compacting screed paver finishers, thetechnical impact is considered moderate, as noise control solutions are consideredfeasible although not always straightforward.

Based on general considerations, the directive and its noise emission limits can be

considered significant for the European economy. The performed cost-benefit analysisillustrates that the benefits of noise reduction clearly outweigh the costs for theequipment types which have a medium to high environmental impact. The costs are inthe end borne by the purchaser or user of equipment. In those cases where limits are notapplied or tightened where it is needed, the citizens and employers pay the price, oftenindirectly, in terms of sleep disturbance, concentration loss, fatigue, annoyance andstress and reduced speed intelligibility. The benefits to citizens are estimated at around10 Euros per person per year once the foreseen changes to the directive have takeneffect. For equipment types with a low environmental impact it is clearly noteconomically worthwhile changing the limits.

Most importantly, without market surveillance the Directive is ineffective as costs are

incurred by industry complying to the Directive, whilst at the same time the may loosemarket share to non-compliant companies.


5/271


The following equipment list revisions are proposed, based on all the considerationsavailable from the statistical, environmental, technical and economic analyses, theconsultations and the background documents.

New in Article 13

Mobile waste breakers and sieves (screens) (after 5 years), Mobile cranes for harboursand terminals (bridge/gantry cranes), Road sweepers without aspirators.

Move from Article 13 to Article 12

Aerial access platforms CE powered, Brush cutters, Building site circular saw bench;Combined high pressure flushers and suction vehicles, High pressure flushers, Suctionvehicles, combined; Cooling equipment on vehicles, Chain saws, portable, Drill rigs,Glass recycling containers, Grass trimmers/grass edge trimmers, Hedge trimmers CEpowered, High pressure water jet machines, upto 3 kW, electric), Hydraulic hammers,Joint cutters, Leaf blowers and Leaf collectors, combined, Mobile waste containers,Piling equipment (vibratory), Power generators (>_ 400 kW), Power sweepers, Refusecollection vehicles, Road milling machines, Scarifiers CE powered, Shredders/chippers,Truck mixers, Water pump units.

New in Article 12

Snowmobiles (after 5 years) and Mobile waste breakers and screens (wood, concrete)(after 8 years).

Removal from the directive

Builders' hoists for the transport of goods (with electric motor), Building site band sawmachine, Compaction machines (explosion rammers), Concrete breakers and picks,

handheld,


6/271

TNO report | MON-RPT-033-DTS-2007-02554 | v4.3 | September 28, 2007 6 / 235

Contents

Summary ........................................................................................................................ 3

1 Introduction....................................................................................................................9

2 Phase 1.1 Review of noise data - statistical analysis.................................................. 13

2.1 Assessment of European Machinery Noise Database.................................................... 132.2 Methodology statistical analysis.................................................................................... 172.3 Comparison of measured and guaranteed values........................................................... 192.4 Feasibility of current stage II limits and more stringent limits ...................................... 222.5 Potential for limits for marked equipment..................................................................... 282.6 Conclusions from the statistical analysis ....................................................................... 34

3 Consultation ................................................................................................................. 36

3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 363.2 Consultation of environmental stakeholders.................................................................. 363.3 Conclusions from the environmental consultation......................................................... 573.4 Consultation of Industry and Industry associations ....................................................... 583.5 Conclusions from the industry consultation................................................................... 763.6 General conclusions from the consultations .................................................................. 77

4 Environmental impact assessment ............................................................................. 78

4.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 784.2 Background information................................................................................................ 804.3 Environmental indicator ................................................................................................ 824.4 Environmental impact of moving from Article 13 to 12 and limit changes .................. 924.5 Environmental impact of new equipment list ................................................................ 924.6 The issue of timescale................................................................................................... 964.7 Conclusions for the environmental analysis .................................................................. 96

5 Review of test cycles and procedures ......................................................................... 97

5.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 975.2 General findings valid for more than one type of Equipment........................................ 985.3 Proposed test code improvements and test codes for new equipment types................ 1015.4 Test cycles for lift trucks ............................................................................................. 104

6 Technical impact assessment .................................................................................... 106

6.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 1066.2 Common noise sources and control measures ............................................................. 1076.3 Technical trends and future options............................................................................. 1176.4 Common constraints and design conflicts ................................................................... 1186.5 Links with other directives........................................................................................... 1186.6 Technical progress for existing equipment.................................................................. 1206.7 Technical impact of previous and current Directives .................................................. 1206.8 Equipment with indicative noise limits........................................................................ 1226.9 Technical impact of new or stricter noise limits.......................................................... 1236.10 Technical impact of new equipment............................................................................ 1236.11 General conclusions..................................................................................................... 124

7 Economic impact assessment .................................................................................... 125


7/271


7.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 1257.2 General economic considerations ................................................................................ 1257.3 Market situation........................................................................................................... 1267.4 Overall impacts............................................................................................................ 129

7.5 Main options and economic impacts............................................................................ 1347.6 Costs for manufacturers and customers ....................................................................... 1347.7 Benefits in terms of monetorised noise reduction........................................................ 1367.8 Cost-benefit calculation ............................................................................................... 1397.9 Conclusions on the economic impact .......................................................................... 145

8 Phase 1.2 Statement on the need to revise the lists of Article 12 and Article 13 .. 146

8.1 Introduction and approach ........................................................................................... 1468.2 New equipment types................................................................................................... 1478.3 Proposals for Article 12 and 13 list revisions .............................................................. 149

9 Phase 1.3 Statement on the need and possibilities to revise the limit values laid

down in Article 12...................................................................................................... 151

9.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 1519.2 Compliance to stage I and II limits.............................................................................. 1519.3 Need and possibilities to revise the limits.................................................................... 1519.4 Limit proposals ............................................................................................................ 152

10 Phase 1.4 Instruments for noise reduction............................................................... 155

10.1 Findings for each equipment type, including new types.............................................. 15510.2 General Instruments..................................................................................................... 228

11 Conclusions and recommendations.......................................................................... 237

11.1 EC database and statistical analysis............................................................................. 23711.2 Consultations ............................................................................................................... 23711.3 Environmental impact.................................................................................................. 23811.4 Test codes .................................................................................................................... 23911.5 Technical impact.......................................................................................................... 24011.6 Economic impact ......................................................................................................... 24011.7 Proposals for Article 12 and 13 list revisions .............................................................. 24111.8 Noise limits.................................................................................................................. 24111.9 Research proposals ...................................................................................................... 24211.10 Recommendations towards a future revision of the outdoor noise directive ............... 24211.11 Key recommendations ................................................................................................. 245

12 References................................................................................................................... 246

13 Signature..................................................................................................................... 254

Appendices

A Review of test codes, further proposalsB Proposal for a new standard for noise measurement for snowmobiles


8/271


This page is intentionally blank


9/271


1 Introduction

European Directive 2000/14/EC [1] requires noise marking for 57 types of equipment

used outdoors, and additionally, sets noise limits for 22 of these. It brings together anumber of previous separate Directives covering noise emission from some types ofmachinery such as lawnmowers, compressors and construction equipment, addingseveral new ones, such as cooling equipment on vehicles, glass recycling containers andpiling equipment.

Article 1 of the Directive states:The aim of this Directive is to harmonise the laws of the Member States relating tonoise emission standards, conformity assessment procedures, marking, technicaldocumentation and collection of data concerning the noise emission in the environmentof equipment for use outdoors. It will contribute to the smooth functioning of the

internal market, while protecting human health and well-being.

The provision of noise information is also consistent with the requirements of theMachinery Directive 98/37/EC [2] and CE-marking. The benefits from quietermachinery not only benefit the environment but also the workplace, both for theoperator and the bystander of machinery. European Directive 2003/10/EC [3]recommends users to select work equipment so that noise exposure is effectivelyreduced.

All equipment listed in the 2000/14/EC Directive must be marked with a guaranteedsound power level, which is based on a measurement performed according to themethods specified by the Directive. Equipment types subject to noise marking only areknown as Article 13 equipment, whereas equipment types also subject to noise limitsare known as Article 12 equipment. These limits are for the guaranteed noise level,which is higher than the measured level to take measurement and productionuncertainties into account. Both measured and guaranteed levels are registered andshould be submitted to the Commission in Declarations of Conformity (DOC) [4].

Since Directive 2000/14/EC has come into force in January 2002, the Commission hascollected Declarations of Conformity, and assembled thousands of measured andguaranteed noise levels in a database which has now been made available on theInternet.

Directive 2005/88/EC [5] is an amendment to 2000/14, adapting the stage II limits forArticle 12 equipment, some of which are indicative. In this Directive the following isstated:

The experience of the first five years of application of Directive 2000/14/EC hasdemonstrated that more time is needed to fulfill the provisions under Articles 16 and 20thereof and highlighted the need to review that Directive with a view to its possibleamendment, in particular with respect to the stage II limits referred to therein. It istherefore necessary to extend by two years the deadline for submission of the report tothe European Parliament and to the Council on the Commissions experience inimplementing and administering Directive 2000/14/EC as referred to in Article 20(1) ofthat Directive.


10/271


This study, in response to European Tender ENTR/05/105 [6,7] and corresponding toArticle 20(1), is formulated to review these issues, taking into account availablecollected noise data, technological development, available position papers and relevantdocuments, consultations with various stakeholders, and environmental, economic and

technical impact analyses. The stakeholders include industry and industry associations,notified bodies, purchasers and users of equipment, affected citizens, cities andcommunities, environmental organisations, and national and local authorities.

Some examples of outdoor machinery in situations causing considerable noise at thenearby dwellings are shown in figures 1.1-1.4.

Figure 1.1 Construction machinery in an innercity area with nearby newly developedappartments

Figure 1.2 Excavator working in a narrowresidential street

Figure 1.3 Lawnmower in residential area Figure 1.4 Compressor in inner cityresidential area

Limit values for Article 12 equipment are listed in table 1.1. The full list of equipment

types in the Directive can be found in the tables in chapter 2. The equipment types canbe grouped into the following application areas:

- construction;- road building and maintenance;- horticulture and forestry, both private and professional;- municipal services;- energy supply and cooling systems.

Means of transportation of people and goods by road, rail, water or air are excludedfrom this Directive. Also equipment for military, police and emergency services andagricultural machinery such as tractors, attachments and harvesters are not included.


11/271


Table 1.1: Limits for Article 12 equipment (from Directive 2005/88/EC [5])


12/271


The main objectives of the study are the following:1. to review the existing available noise data [8] and to assess the comparison of

measured and guaranteed noise levels, feasibility of stage I limits, stage IIlimits and stricter limits. This is done only on the basis of a statistical analysis;

2. to formulate a statement of the need for revision of the lists in Articles 12 and13, especially whether new equipment should be added in either Article 12 orArticle 13;

3. to formulate a statement of the need and possibilities for revision of the limitvalues laid down in Article 12 taking into account technological development;

4. to formulate a statement setting out an integrated range of instruments to beused in continuing the reduction of noise by equipment.

These 4 objectives define the 4 main phases 1.1-1.4 stated in the tender. The report isstructured in the following way. In Chapter 2, the EC machinery noise databaseprovided by the Commission in January 2007 is assessed and analysed, drawing initialconclusions on noise limits where possible (Phase 1.1). In Chapter 3, a consultationwith environmental NGOs, national and municipal authorities, and notified bodies isreported together with a consutlation with industry. An environmental impactassessment investigating the noise impact and the need for noise reduction is reported inchapter 4. Test cycles and procedures relevant for the directive are reviewed in chapter5, and proposals for changes are made. The technical impact of changes to the directiveis is covered in chapter 6, followed by the economic impact analysis in chapter 7. Onthese basis of all these analyses, proposals for equipment list changes are formulated inchapter 8 (Phase 1.2) and proposals for revision of limit values are given in chapter 9(Phase 1.3). Instruments for noise reduction (Phase 1.4) are reported in chapter 10,which includes general instruments, research proposals and a summary of findings andproposals for each equipment type. Overall conclusions are set out in chapter 11.

Relevant documentation is taken into account, including position papers, reports andstudies from industry and authorities.

This study was performed by staff from TNO (Netherlands), TV-Nord (Germany)LNE (France), and VCA (UK). The nature of the study is multidisciplinary and requiredstatistical, environmental, technical, economical and regulation expertise includingpractical knowledge about outdoor machinery and the market.

Thanks are due to the many contributors to the report and to all those who responded tothe consultation and helped to provide relevant background data for the study.


13/271


2 Phase 1.1 Review of noise data - statistical analysis

2.1 Assessment of European Machinery Noise Database

2.1.1 General review

A version of the EC machinery noise database [8] was provided by the Commission inthe form of a spreadsheet, dated January 5th, 2007. This database was examined and itwas found that in general, the database is usable but for some equipment types littledata is present. Also in a limited number of cases fields are not always filled orincorrectly filled. For Article 13 equipment the technical parameter is generallymissing. For some Article 12 equipment the guaranteed levels are all rather similarand/or close to the limit. Many companies seem to be missing from the EC database,

which is either due to non-submission of DOCs or due to the fact that the DOC wasonly submitted to the national authority and not to the EC.

The extract from the database as provided by the EC contained 19080 records includingmost of the 57 equipment types. 17866 records could be used for the statistical analysis,after eliminating faulty or double entries. A summary table of the entries in the databasewith overall statistics is given in table 1. Here it can clearly be seen in the shaded fieldsthat for some equipment types, the number of measured or declared data, the number ofmodels, the number of suppliers or the number of technical parameters is too low.Especially article 13 equipment does not always include the value of the technicalparameter. In some cases more than one measured value per model is given.

In table 2, an overview of data records is presented, sorted by year of declaration andindicating the number of measured values and parameter values per equipment type.Equipment types with too low amounts of data are indicated by shading in the table.

Detailed comments are given in the following on the amount of data, its validity andsuitability for the analysis.


14/271


Table 2.1: Summary of database entries and analysis of the EC database per January 2007. Blue shadedfileds indicate the Article 12 equipment. Orange shaded fields indicate a relatively low number, red shadedfields are extremely low or zero.

Eq

no. Equipment name

Art.

12/13

Rownumber

in Art 12

limits

table

Number

of

suppliers

Number

of

models

Number of

sound power

measurements

Number ofparameter

values

available

Number ofadmissible

power

levels

available

Number ofguaranteed

sound levels

available

% withparameter

value

available

Number ofmeasured

values per

model

Number ofmeasured

values per

supplier

1 Aerial access platforms with combustion engine 13 20 129 154 66 0 154 43% 1.2 7.7

2 Brush cutters 13 24 206 223 118 0 223 53% 1.1 9.3

3a Builders' hoists for the transport of goods (combustion-engine driven) 12 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 100% 1.0 2.0

3b Builders' hoists for the transport of goods (with electric motor) 13 1 2 2 2 0 2 100% 1.0 2.0

4 Building site band saw machine 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0% 0.0 0.0

5 Building site circular saw bench 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0% 0.0 0.0

6 Chain saws, portable 13 28 216 278 69 0 277 25% 1.3 9.9

7 Combined high pressure flushers and suction vehicles 13 6 83 107 0 0 107 0% 1.3 17.8

8a Compaction machines (explosion rammers only) 13 1 11 11 11 0 11 100% 1.0 11.0

8b Compaction machines (only vibrating and non-vibrating rollers, vibratory plates 12 1 43 1639 2938 2875 2872 2938 98% 1.8 68.3

9 Compressors (< 350 kw) 12 8 30 397 642 553 552 640 86% 1.6 21.4

10 Concrete-breakers and picks, hand-held 12 5 19 220 247 221 221 247 89% 1.1 13.0

11 Concrete or mortar mixers 13 12 57 78 12 0 78 15% 1.4 6.512a Construction winches (combustion-engine driven) 12 4 3 119 119 119 119 119 100% 1.0 39.7

12b Construction winches (electrically driven) 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0% 0.0 0.0

13 Conveying and spraying machines for concrete and mortar 13 10 50 76 68 0 76 89% 1.5 7.6

14 Conveyor belts 13 3 9 9 1 0 9 11% 1.0 3.0

15 Cooling equipment on vehicles 13 1 5 5 4 0 5 80% 1.0 5.016 Dozers (< 500 kw) 12 2 10 65 77 76 76 77 99% 1.2 7.7

17 Drill rigs 13 13 132 156 149 0 156 96% 1.2 12.0

18 Dumpers (< 500 kw) 12 3 32 153 211 157 157 211 74% 1.4 6.6

19 Equipment for loading and unloading silos or tanks on trucks 13 6 42 47 0 0 45 0% 1.1 7.8

20 Excavators, hydraulic or rope-operated (< 500 kw) 12 4 53 692 906 885 885 904 98% 1.3 17.1

21 Excavator-loaders (< 500 kw) 12 2 29 181 217 216 216 215 100% 1.2 7.5

22 Glass recycling containers 13 6 25 25 0 0 25 0% 1.0 4.2

23 Graders (< 500 kw) 12 3 6 29 33 33 33 33 100% 1.1 5.5

24 Grass trimmers/grass edge trimmers 13 24 111 122 28 0 122 23% 1.1 5.1

25 Hedge trimmers 13 43 285 350 71 0 349 20% 1.2 8.1

26 High pressure flushers 13 7 27 29 0 0 29 0% 1.1 4.1

27 High pressure water jet machines 13 18 137 154 18 0 154 12% 1.1 8.6

28 Hydraulic hammers 13 19 122 139 66 0 131 47% 1.1 7.3

29 Hydraulic power packs 12 3 20 36 42 36 36 39 86% 1.2 2.1

30 Joint cutters 13 7 72 84 32 0 84 38% 1.2 12.0

31 Landfill compactors, loader-type with bucket (< 500 kw) 12 3 15 87 89 66 66 89 74% 1.0 5.9

32 Lawnmowers (excluding agricultural and forestry equipment) 12 9 77 1675 1955 1643 1930 1952 84% 1.2 25.433 Lawn trimmers lawn edge trimmers 12 9 27 215 279 110 275 278 39% 1.3 10.3

34 Leaf blowers 13 29 102 126 9 0 126 7% 1.2 4.3

35 Leaf collectors 13 12 28 36 2 0 36 6% 1.3 3.0

36a Lift trucks, CE driven, counterbalanced (rough terrain/construction) 12 3 34 792 958 434 434 956 45% 1.2 28.236b Lift trucks, CE driven, couterbalanced (others excl. Container handling) 13 3 17 18 3 0 18 17% 1.1 6.037 Loaders (< 500 kw) 12 2 67 773 1068 921 921 1067 86% 1.4 15.9

38 Mobile cranes 12 3 30 272 302 273 273 301 90% 1.1 10.1

39 Mobile waste containers 13 7 22 23 0 0 23 0% 1.0 3.3

40 Motor hoes (< 3 kw) 12 4 11 37 38 21 21 38 55% 1.0 3.5

41a Paver-finishers (equipped with a high-compaction screed) 13 2 14 15 10 0 15 67% 1.1 7.5

41b Paver-finishers (excl. paver-finishers with high-compaction screed) 12 3 14 142 166 162 162 166 98% 1.2 11.9

42 Piling equipment 13 1 1 1 0 0 1 0% 1.0 1.0

43 Pipelayers 13 2 6 7 7 0 7 100% 1.2 3.5

44 Piste caterpillars 13 1 4 4 4 0 4 100% 1.0 4.0

45a Power generators (< 400 kw) 12 7 34 411 537 382 382 535 71% 1.3 15.8

45b Power generators (>_ 400 kw) 13 7 33 49 7 0 48 14% 1.5 7.0

46 Power sweepers 13 9 68 73 2 0 73 3% 1.1 8.1

47 Refuse collection vehicles 13 9 3611 3763 12 0 3762 0% 1.0 418.1

48 Road milling machines 13 5 15 15 9 0 15 60% 1.0 3.0

49 Scarifiers 13 19 65 83 34 0 76 41% 1.3 4.4

50 Shredders chippers 13 26 187 235 97 0 233 41% 1.3 9.0

51 Snow-removing machines with rotating tools (self-propelled, excl. attachments) 13 10 49 49 13 0 49 27% 1.0 4.9

52 Suction vehicles 13 3 30 31 0 0 31 0% 1.0 10.3

53 Tower cranes 12 6 6 83 95 87 87 95 92% 1.1 15.8

54 Trenchers 13 3 20 20 20 0 20 100% 1.0 6.7

55 Truck mixers 13 12 41 46 22 0 46 48% 1.1 3.856 Water pump units (not for use under water) 13 22 189 275 67 0 275 24% 1.5 12.557 Welding generators 12 7 5 19 25 21 21 25 84% 1.3 5.0


15/271

TNOreport|MON-RPT-033-DTS-2007-02554|v4.3|September28,2007

15/235

Table 2.2: Overview of database entries per year.Red shaded fields have an insufficient number of entries, yellow intermediate, green sufficient

Number of records per year of certificate

Eq. no. Equipment name art. 12/13 1994 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 TOTAL 1994 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 TOTAL 1994 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 TOTAL

1 Aerial access platforms with combustion engine 13 0 0 0 25 6 30 93 32 3 189 0 0 0 25 6 27 62 31 3 154 0 0 0 25 2 22 0 17 0 66

2 Brush cutters 13 0 0 0 81 57 46 44 1 2 231 0 0 0 81 54 46 39 1 2 223 0 0 0 39 45 34 3 0 0 121

3a Builders' hoists for the transport of goods (combustion-engine driven) 12 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 4

3b Bui lder s' hoist s f or t he t rans po rt of goods ( wi th e lect ri c motor ) 13 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2

4 Building site band saw machine 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 Building site circular saw bench 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 Chain saws, portable 13 0 0 1 119 90 19 33 22 4 288 0 0 1 119 90 18 26 21 4 279 0 0 0 43 21 0 0 4 1 69

7 Combined high pressure flushers and suction vehicles 13 0 0 0 0 2 8 102 47 7 166 0 0 0 0 2 4 49 45 7 107 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8a Compaction machines (explosion rammers only) 13 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 11

8b Compact ion mach ines ( on ly v ib ra ting and non -v ib ra ting r ol le rs , vibr at 12 1 0 0 382 871 821 686 457 190 3408 1 0 0 382 871 474 582 446 183 2939 1 0 0 368 868 469 606 441 173 2926

9 Compressors (< 350 kW) 12 0 1 0 96 217 194 43 127 23 701 0 1 0 53 207 194 39 127 22 643 0 1 0 58 167 176 41 121 18 582

10 Concrete-breakers and picks, hand-held 12 0 0 1 33 100 41 4 48 22 249 0 0 1 33 100 40 4 48 22 248 0 0 0 18 98 40 4 46 15 221

11 Concrete or mortar mixers 13 0 0 0 6 38 14 4 2 14 78 0 0 0 6 38 14 4 2 14 78 0 0 0 0 3 2 3 0 4 12

12a Construction winches (combustion-engine driven) 12 0 0 0 0 0 117 1 0 1 119 0 0 0 0 0 117 1 0 1 119 0 0 0 0 0 117 1 0 1 119

12b Construction winches (electrically driven) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 3 Conve yin g and sp rayi ng machines for co ncrete and mortar 13 0 0 1 2 23 27 4 18 2 77 0 0 1 2 23 27 4 18 2 77 0 0 0 0 19 26 3 18 2 68

14 Conveyor belts 13 0 0 0 0 0 26 17 0 1 44 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 0 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 115 Cooling equipment on vehicles 13 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 4

16 Dozers (< 500 kW) 12 0 0 0 3 30 6 21 6 13 79 0 0 0 2 29 6 21 6 13 77 0 0 0 3 30 5 21 6 13 78

17 Drill rigs 13 0 0 0 2 33 34 47 27 33 176 0 0 0 2 33 24 44 22 31 156 0 0 0 0 32 33 43 20 32 160

18 Dumpers (< 500 kW) 12 0 0 0 14 78 46 25 33 21 217 0 0 0 14 77 45 25 31 19 211 0 0 0 0 72 29 18 23 19 161

1 9 E qu ip me nt fo r l oa di ng an d un lo ad in g si lo s o r t an ks on tr uck s 13 0 0 0 1 1 6 19 15 10 52 0 0 0 0 1 5 19 13 9 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

20 Excavators, hydraulic or rope-operated (< 500 kW) 12 0 0 0 103 323 201 123 102 88 940 0 0 0 103 311 189 115 100 88 906 0 0 0 100 298 201 123 99 86 907

21 Excavator-loaders (< 500 kW) 12 0 0 0 33 71 82 14 34 22 256 0 0 0 33 56 62 11 34 21 217 0 0 0 33 60 82 14 34 21 244

22 Glass recycling containers 13 0 0 0 0 15 0 5 2 3 25 0 0 0 0 15 0 5 2 3 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

23 Graders (< 500 kW) 12 0 0 0 0 11 13 0 0 10 34 0 0 0 0 11 13 0 0 9 33 0 0 0 0 11 13 0 0 10 34

24 Grass trimmers/grass edge trimmers 13 0 0 0 69 35 12 8 5 0 129 0 0 0 67 34 9 7 5 0 122 0 0 0 1 26 1 1 0 0 29

25 Hedge trimmers 13 0 0 2 112 124 41 45 23 14 361 0 0 2 107 122 41 43 23 14 352 0 0 0 7 42 6 1 10 5 71

26 High pressure flushers 13 0 0 0 15 9 4 6 3 0 37 0 0 0 15 1 4 6 3 0 29 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 8

27 High pressure water jet machines 13 0 0 0 1 48 26 41 23 19 158 0 0 0 1 46 25 40 23 19 154 0 0 0 0 2 5 0 9 4 20

28 Hydraulic hammers 13 0 0 0 0 71 9 12 18 31 141 0 0 0 0 71 9 11 18 30 139 0 0 0 0 30 3 2 10 21 66

29 Hydraulic power packs 12 0 0 0 1 11 6 8 2 16 44 0 0 0 1 11 6 6 2 16 42 0 0 0 1 11 3 8 2 13 38

30 Joint cutters 13 0 0 0 8 16 0 32 2 28 86 0 0 0 8 16 0 30 2 28 84 0 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 25 34

3 1 Lan df ill com pac to rs, lo ad er-type with b ucket (< 500 kW ) 12 0 0 0 24 36 6 13 10 3 92 0 0 0 24 36 4 12 10 3 89 0 0 0 1 36 6 13 10 3 69

32 Lawnmower s ( ex clud ing agr ic ul tu ra l and f or es tr y equ ipment) 12 0 0 0 180 715 429 169 391 129 2013 0 0 0 171 690 420 155 390 129 1955 0 0 0 116 608 386 118 352 89 1669

33 Lawn trimmers lawn edge trimmers 12 0 0 0 28 108 67 23 48 9 283 0 0 0 28 108 66 20 48 9 279 0 0 0 6 45 14 1 38 6 110

34 Leaf blowers 13 0 0 3 62 19 12 14 17 7 134 0 0 3 62 17 11 13 17 6 129 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 4 9

35 Leaf collectors 13 0 0 0 6 8 3 8 8 4 37 0 0 0 6 8 3 8 8 3 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2

36a Lif t t rucks, CE dr iven, counterbalanced ( rough terrain/cons truc t ion) 12 0 0 0 26 280 330 205 137 21 999 0 0 0 26 277 300 201 135 20 959 0 0 0 14 256 124 32 28 11 465

36b Lift trucks, CE driven, couterbalanced (others excl. Container handlin 13 0 0 0 0 2 13 0 1 2 18 0 0 0 0 2 13 0 1 2 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3

37 Loaders (< 500 kW) 12 0 0 0 76 307 298 215 126 84 1106 0 0 0 73 291 284 215 122 84 1069 0 0 0 73 212 266 181 124 84 940

38 Mobile cranes 12 1 0 0 0 180 42 36 33 44 336 1 0 0 0 149 41 35 33 44 303 1 0 0 0 180 42 34 31 18 306

39 Mobile waste containers 13 0 0 0 0 9 1 12 11 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 11 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

40 Motor hoes (< 3 kW) 12 0 0 0 2 9 7 7 4 9 38 0 0 0 2 9 7 7 4 9 38 0 0 0 0 4 6 2 2 7 21

4 1a P ave r- fi ni sh er s (e qui pp ed w it h a h ig h- co mp ac ti on s cr eed ) 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 1 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 1 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 1 10

41b Paver-f inishers (excl. paver-f inishers with high-compact ion screed) 12 0 0 0 3 40 50 17 42 18 170 0 0 0 3 40 47 16 42 18 166 0 0 0 3 40 47 15 40 18 163

42 Piling equipment 13 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

43 Pipelayers 13 0 0 0 0 4 0 3 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 4 0 3 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 4 0 3 0 0 7

44 Piste caterpillars 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 4

45a Power generators (< 400 kW) 12 0 0 0 93 253 27 54 78 46 551 0 0 0 91 245 27 50 78 46 537 0 0 0 93 191 25 23 48 15 395

45b Power generators (>_ 400 kW) 13 0 0 0 0 4 4 3 5 33 49 0 0 0 0 4 4 3 5 33 49 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 1 0 7

46 Power sweepers 13 0 0 0 13 0 53 0 5 2 73 0 0 0 13 0 53 0 5 2 73 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2

47 Refuse collection vehicles 13 0 0 1 11 949 952 984 936 1 3834 0 0 1 11 884 950 983 935 1 3765 0 0 0 10 1 1 0 0 0 12

48 Road milling machines 13 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 8 2 15 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 8 2 15 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 5 2 9

49 Scarifiers 13 0 0 0 8 32 22 7 18 0 87 0 0 0 8 32 18 7 18 0 83 0 0 0 0 21 4 1 8 0 34

50 Shredders chippers 13 1 0 0 43 72 76 32 17 8 249 0 0 0 43 66 75 28 15 8 235 0 0 0 9 44 40 0 5 1 99

51 Snow-remov ing machines with rotat ing tools (self-propelled, exc l. at t 13 0 0 0 1 11 13 19 3 2 49 0 0 0 1 11 13 19 3 2 49 0 0 0 0 6 3 1 1 2 13

52 Suction vehicles 13 0 0 0 0 0 1 29 14 0 44 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 14 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

53 Tower cranes 12 0 0 0 0 4 83 22 5 0 114 0 0 0 0 4 70 16 5 0 95 0 0 0 0 3 67 19 5 0 94

54 Trenchers 13 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 9 2 20 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 9 2 20 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 9 2 20

55 Truck mixers 13 0 0 0 0 9 7 5 0 26 47 0 0 0 0 9 7 5 0 25 46 0 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 15 22

56 Water pump units (not for use under water) 13 0 0 0 109 41 25 72 48 14 309 0 0 0 109 32 7 72 41 14 275 0 0 0 16 10 18 14 34 9 101

57 Welding generators 12 0 0 0 2 33 3 2 1 0 41 0 0 0 2 18 2 2 1 0 25 0 0 0 2 15 3 2 1 0 23TOTAL 3 1 9 1793 5420 4364 3402 3042 1045 19079 2 1 9 1727 5176 3837 3105 2999 1025 17881 2 1 0 1040 3543 2337 1373 1616 754 10666

Number of records Number of measurements available Number of parameter values available


16/271


2.1.2 Amount of data

The amount of data per equipment type varies considerably. Most equipment entries are

from 2001-2006. The following was found.- The database does not give a representative picture of the market, many brands

are missing.- Many smaller manufacturers do not provide data to the EC.- For refuse vehicles and for compaction machines too many equivalent model

types are declared, all with the same sound power level;- For Article 12 equipment: parameter information is missing for some types, in

particular lawntrimmers, lift trucks and welding generators.- For Article 13 equipment: No data is present at all on circular saw and band

saw machines.- The following is often unclear:

name and address of the person who keeps the technical documentation. conformity assessment procedure followed, and, where appropriate, nameand address of the notified body involved.

In 12 cases, a too low number of models or manufacturers is present (much more is onthe market), for

- builders' hoists for the transport of goods (combustion-engine driven)- builders' hoists for the transport of goods (with electric motor)- band saw machines- circular saw benches- compaction machines (explosion rammers only)- construction winches, electrically driven

- conveyor belts- cooling equipment on vehicles- paver-finishers (equipped with a high-compaction screed)- piste caterpillars- piling equipment- pipelayers.

For the purposes of the statistical analysis, these equipment types have a rather lownumber of entries, 20 or less. Also the following 3 types have a too small number ofentries:

- lift trucks, combustion-engine driven, counterbalanced (Art. 13)

- road milling machines- trenchers.

So for 15 equipment types, the amount of data is too low for the statistical analysis.For some types such as lift trucks for example, this is surprising, as these are verynumerous in the market.

It was concluded that additional data from other sources (VCA, TV-Nord, LNE andNL database) was required to properly perform the analysis, especially for theequipment types lacking data. However, only a limited amount of external data actuallycould be used to supplement the database, partly due to similar limitations of externaldata, partly to avoid doubling of information and also because notified bodies could

only pass on customer data with permission from the manufacturers.


17/271


2.1.3 Data validity

In a limited number of cases, errors are present in the data. In some cases these errors

could be easily corrected typographically, in others data is actually faulty or missing.The errors are the following:

- The technical parameter is often not included, especially for Article 13equipment. A consequence is that difficult to use this data to derive limitsbased on the technical parameter;

- Some syntax errors are present in the field netpower_noise_value:- both dot . and comma , separators are used; Units such as kW aresometimes included in the number for mechanical power;- some values are incorrect (widely out of range);- sometimes the admissible sound power level is not stated;- sometimes a value of 0 is given for measured or guaranteed sound powerlevel for Article 12 equipment;- the technical parameter is sometimes stated as kW where it should be cm (e.g.lawnmowers);- in some cases the measured level is higher than the guaranteed level.

- For cooling equipment on vehicles, a serious error is present: the 5 data entriesbelong to mobile cranes, not cooling equipment.

2.1.4 Other observations

The following additional observations were made in the database:- for Article 12 equipment dozers, loaders and excavator-loaders, different limits

are set for tracked and wheeled equipment, but no indication of thissubtype is in the database.

- for lawn edge trimmers, lift trucks, combustion-engine driven, counterbalanced(excluding 'other counterbalanced l....), and for welding generatorsinformation on the limit is poor.

- no noise limits are given in the database for equipment, which was amended bythe 2005/88/EC directive, where the set noise limit was applied in two stages.

- under cooling equipment, several of the few available entries are wrong as theybelong to mobile cranes.

In conclusion, for those equipment types where a sufficient amount of data is present,the statistical analysis can be performed. For the others, additional data is required. Inall cases where the error was clear, a correction was made, otherwise the erroneous data

was omitted from the analysis. The errors found in the database could be prevented infuture by automated checking during input.

2.1.5 Considerations based on ISO 11689

According to ISO 11689 [9], for a statistical analysis of this type of data, at least 50% ofmanufacturers on the market or 50% of sold models of the group needs to be present toensure representativeness. For equipment types with low numbers of entries, this isclearly not the case. For other equipment types, it is not clear to what extent the marketis well represented. This would require more detailed market analysis.

2.2 Methodology statistical analysis

The first step in the statistical analysis was to assess the quantity and quality of the datapresent and summarise the data present. This is described in the previous section.


18/271


The second step was to analyse the data for each equipment type to examine- the measured values and their spread; this is indicative of measurement

uncertainty and differences in the application of noise control; the measured

values can be used to estimate what limits might be achievable with currentlyapplied technology;

- the guaranteed values and their spread; this is indicative of compliance to thelimits, uncertainty in measurement and production and how the manufacturerschoose the guaranteed value (e.g. close to limit);

- the difference between measured and guaranteed values; this is indicative ofthe margin taken by manufacturers, and suggests potentially available scope fornoise reduction and limit changes, although uncertainty in measurement andproduction also play a role here;

- overall level averages and spread; this is indicative for potential noise reductionand limit changes.

- a number of other statistical indicators for each equipment type in Articles 12and 13.

The results of these analyses are presented in the following sections. For the sake ofcompactness, all the statistical graphs are not included in this report but some examplesare given.The graphs on which the analyses were based includes the following:

- spread/distribution plots for each year (2001-2006) for the difference betweenmeasured and guaranteed values; this illustrates the margin taken for theguaranteed level and the potential for noise reduction, also the trend over time.

- plots for measured level data, against the technical parameter, together withcurves corresponding to 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% pass rates. The 50% pass

rate curve corresponds approximately to the average curve. The measured datais used to assess the amount of available data and its distribution, and thepotential future limit taking noise reduction into account. Where the technicalparameter is missing, an average and the variation is determined over the wholedataset. This at least gives an indication of the levels and their variation.

- plots for guaranteed level data, against the technical parameter, together withstage I and stage II limits and potentially stricter limits based on the measureddata; this illustrates the feasibility of the stage I, stage II and potential newlimits.

The statistical software package GENSTAT [10] was used by TNO to perform the

various analyses and presentation. The statistical analysis is formulated in such a way asto enable statements on the limits and equipment lists.

Evaluation of the stage I and stage II limits is done in relation to the guaranteed levels,also in a separate comparison with data from 2006.

Potential other limits for article 12 equipment and potential new limits for article 13equipment are generated from the measured data, adding a margin for measurement andproduction uncertainty. For article 12 equipment, alternative limits follow the sameshape as the stage I and II limits, just the relative level is different.

The percentage of existing equipment that should satisfy new limits is a choice that

depends on the approach to limit setting. From an environmental viewpoint, limitscould be set to approve only equipment that is quieter than the average currently on the


19/271


market. In that case, around 30% pass rate might be required. At the other extreme, ifno additional cost is allowed, a much higher pass rate might be taken, for example 90%.In that case, little or no noise reduction would be expected in practice and the Directivewould be ineffective. Therefore, the potential limits resulting from 30%/50%/70%/90%

pass rate were investigated.

Proposals for new limits for Article 13 equipment are based on a regression line ofmeasured values Lmeas,avg, in some cases without the technical parameter if it was notavailable. In principal, all equipment types could be moved from Article 13 to Article12, and given a noise limit based on the average of the measurements plus anuncertainty margin of 2 dB. This would require that the test codes are improved wherenecessary.

The general approach for limit proposal can be expressed as follows:

Llim,new= Lx%+ 2 (2.1)

Llim,new is the new limit, either as a single value or as function of the technicalparameter. Guaranteed levels are checked against this limit.Lx%is the curve below which x% of the measured data lies. This curve is either given asa single value (horizontal line) or as as function of the technical parameter, usuallyresulting in a stepped positive slope. The 2 dB margin is to produce a limit level thatcan be compared with the guaranteed level.

The form of the limit curve is the same as stage I and II limits for Article 12 equipment.For new limits of Article 13 equipment a similar limit was chosen, i.e. of the formA + B lg (parameter).

2.3 Comparison of measured and guaranteed values

The difference between measured and guaranteed values are set out in table 2.3 togetherwith statistical parameters, including the mean, min/max, standard deviation andpercentages of differences above 2 dB and 5 dB. 5 dB indicates a larger margin thanmost other equipment types. In some cases this is due to the small number of availablemeasurements. The min/max values can in some cases be misleading, if there iserroneous measured or guaranteed level data present.


20/271


Table 2.3: Difference between measured and guaranteed values for all equipment types.Orange shaded fields indicate comparitively large differences or in the case of number ofvalues, a small number.

Eq.no. Equipment name Art.

Number of

valuesguaranteed

minusmeasured

Mean

difference(dBA)

Minimum

difference(dBA)

Maximum

difference(dBA)

Standarddeviation of

differences(dBA)

% ofmeasured

values aboveguaranteed

%

guaranteedminus

measured> 2 dBA

%

guaranteedminus

measured> 5 dBA

3a Builders' hoists for the transport of goods (combustion-engine driven) 12 4 2.0 1 4 1.4 0 25.0 0.0

8b Compaction machines (only vibrating and non-vibrating rollers, vibratory plates) 12 2042 1.9 0 10 1.4 0 14.9 3.6

9 Compressors (< 350 kW) 12 467 2.9 -3 20 3.5 0.2 28.1 20.3

10 Concrete-breakers and picks, hand-held 12 240 2.9 0 11 2.4 0 46.2 15.4

12 Construction winches (combustion-engine driven) 12 119 1.6 0 15 2.0 0 11.8 1.7

16 Dozers (< 500 kW) 12 72 1.9 0 5 1.2 0 26.4 0.0

18 Dumpers (< 500 kW) 12 193 2.2 0 12 2.5 0 26.4 7.3

20 Excavators, hydraulic or rope-operated (< 500 kW) 12 798 1.1 -9 4 0.8 0.1 2.5 0.0

21 Excavator-loaders (< 500 kW) 12 188 1.5 0 6 1.0 0 12.2 0.5

23 Graders (< 500 kW) 12 33 1.7 0 5 1.1 0 18.2 0.0

29 Hydraulic power packs 12 36 1.8 0 5 1.4 0 38.9 0.0

31 Landfill compactors, loader-type with bucket (< 500 kW) 12 89 1.1 0 4 1.0 0 9.0 0.0

32 Lawnmowers (excluding agricultural and forestry equipment) 12 1784 1.8 0 20 1.7 0 19.2 2.9

33 Lawn trimmers lawn edge trimmers 12 252 2.9 0 25 3.3 0 35.3 15.1

36a Lift trucks, CE driven, counterbalanced (rough terrain/construction) 12 821 2.3 -1 18 1.3 0.1 63.0 0.5

37 Loaders (< 500 kW) 12 890 1.2 0 5 1.1 0 9.9 0.0

38 Mobile cranes 12 285 2.2 -1 8 1.5 0.4 35.8 4.9

40 Motor hoes (< 3 kW) 12 48 2.0 0 8 1.5 0 18.8 6.2

41b Paver-finishers (excl. paver-finishers with high-compaction screed) 12 156 1.6 0 9 1.3 0 15.4 1.9

45a Power generators (< 400 kW) 12 505 1.1 -7 24 1.8 0.2 6.7 2.053 Tower cranes 12 87 2.7 1 7 1.2 0 35.6 1.157 Welding generators 12 34 0.1 0 1 0.3 0 0.0 0.0

1 Aerial access platforms with combustion engine 13 136 1.9 0 6 1.4 0 38.2 2.2

2 Brush cutters 13 209 2.3 0 21 2.1 0 24.9 2.4

3b Builders' hoists for the transport of goods (with electric motor) 13 2 3.5 3 4 0.7 0 100.0 0.0

4 Building site band saw machine 13 0

5 Building site circular saw bench 13 0

6 Chain saws, portable 13 233 2.0 0 10 1.7 0 32.6 3.4

7 Combined high pressure flushers and suction vehicles 13 83 1.0 0 2 0.2 0 0.0 0.0

8a Compaction machines (explosion rammers only) 13 11 1.5 1 2 0.5 0 0.0 0.0

11 Concrete or mortar mixers 13 78 2.5 1 8 1.3 0 51.3 2.6

13 Conveying and spraying machines for concrete and mortar 13 58 3.0 0 15 3.2 0 44.8 12.1

14 Conveyor belts 13 9 2.2 1 3 0.7 0 33.3 0.0

15 Cooling equipment on vehicles 13 6 5.0 2 7 2.4 0 66.7 66.7

17 Drill rigs 13 138 2.0 0 5 1.0 0 29.0 0.0

19 Equipment for loading and unloading silos or tanks on trucks 13 40 1.1 1 4 0.5 0 2.5 0.0

22 Glass recycling containers 13 25 2.9 2 4 0.5 0 80.0 0.0

24 Grass trimmers/grass edge trimmers 13 111 3.0 0 16 2.1 0 56.8 9.0

25 Hedge trimmers 13 328 2.9 0 25 2.2 0 54.6 7.0

26 High pressure flushers 13 28 1.8 1 7 1.3 0 17.9 3.6

27 High pressure water jet machines 13 141 3.7 0 17 3.2 0 51.8 19.128 Hydraulic hammers 13 120 3.4 1 9 1.6 0 68.3 11.7

30 Joint cutters 13 76 1.2 0 3 0.7 0 10.5 0.0

34 Leaf blowers 13 111 2.6 0 21 2.4 0 44.1 5.435 Leaf collectors 13 33 3.0 1 12 2.5 0 60.6 6.1

36b Lift trucks, CE driven, couterbalanced (others excl. Container handling) 13 17 2.9 2 3 0.3 0 88.2 0.0

39 Mobile waste containers 13 22 3.3 0 24 4.9 0 59.1 9.141a Paver-finishers (equipped with a high-compaction screed) 13 16 2.5 2 5 1.0 0 25.0 0.0

42 Piling equipment 13 2 4.0 4 4 0.0 0 100.0 0.0

43 Pipelayers 13 6 2.8 1 5 2.0 0 50.0 0.0

44 Piste caterpillars 13 4 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0

45b Power generators (>_ 400 kW) 13 40 0.7 0 3 0.8 0 5.0 0.0

46 Power sweepers 13 78 2.9 1 15 2.5 0 53.8 2.6

47 Refuse collection vehicles 13 5594 4.5 0 16 3.3 0 74.4 27.0

48 Road milling machines 13 15 2.3 2 4 0.6 0 26.7 0.0

49 Scarifiers 13 67 2.8 0 21 2.6 0 49.3 6.0

50 Shredders chippers 13 216 3.3 0 43 6.8 0 38.4 4.651 Snow-removing machines with rotating tools (self-propelled, excl. attachments) 13 81 2.4 0 10 1.7 0 40.7 2.5

52 Suction vehicles 13 30 1.1 0 6 0.9 0 3.3 3.3

54 Trenchers 13 21 1.4 0 4 1.0 0 14.3 0.0

55 Truck mixers 13 41 2.8 0 5 1.4 0 63.4 0.0

56 Water pump units (not for use under water) 13 214 3.0 0 13 1.8 0 56.1 5.1

The equipment types for wich more than 10% of the values have a difference largerthan 5 dB are the following:

- lawn trimmers and lawn edge trimmers (no. 33, Art. 12, 252 samples)- compressors


21/271


These equipment types may have a large margin applied due to measurement orproduction uncertainty, but may also have potential for stricter noise limits (at least theArticle 12 equipment). Another reason may be that the limit value is declared, evenwhere the equipment is electrically powered. In general a larger uncertainty margin is

used for Article 13 equipment.

The difference between measured and guaranteed values can be plotted for eachequipment type in the form of a box plot, showing the median or mean value, themin/max spread and the distribution (25%-75% range) of the difference for each year.An example is given in figure 2.1. It can be seen that the spread decreases in time,although the mean value remains about the same. As such plots did not reveal anysignificant trends, they are not included in this report, and it sufficed to tabulate theresults of this analysis.

Figure 2.1 Box plot of guaranteed minus measured levels, for compressors (< 350 kW), N=467 samples,including the mean value, the 25%-75% distribution (box) and the minimum and maximumvalues for each year (vertical line).

From a visual comparison of the differences plotted in these graphs the following trendswere found (Article 12 types in bold):

- a general decrease in the difference and the spread for equipment types2, 7, 10, 13, 17, 18, 22, 24, 27, 30, 36a, 41a, 45b, 46, 48, 49, 52, 56

- a general increase in the difference and the spread for equipment types1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 23, 25, 26, 29, 31, 32, 34, 40, 41b, 51, 54, 55

- a constant trend for equipment types8b, 9, 19, 20, 28, 33, 35, 36b, 37, 38,39, 45a, 47, 50, 53, 57.

- No trend for types 8a and 12; others lack sufficient data.


22/271


These trends do not seem to be sufficiently clear to draw conclusions on. The averagedifference between guaranteed and measured values over all equipment types is 1.8 dBfor Article 12 equipment and 2.6 dB for Article 13 equipment.

2.4 Feasibility of current stage II limits and more stringent limits

The limits for the Article 12 equipment are assessed here for the feasibility of the stageII limits and more stringent limits. The potentially stricter limits are generated from themeasured data with a margin of 2 dB added. In table 2.4 pass rates of measured valuesare given relative to the L30%, L50%, L70%, L90% curves. The curves are given for eachpass rate by a difference in dB relative to the stage II limit. The new potential limits areobtained from these curves with an uncertainty margin of 2 dB added, then allowingcomparison with the guaranteed values. In table 2.5, the compliance of stage I and stageII limits is given in terms of the pass rates, and also for the potential modified limitsbased on the L30%, L50%, L70%, L90% curves. It should be emphasised that this is only astatistical exercise.


23/271


Table 2.4: Measured values and pass rate curves for Article 12 equipment types. The lower table is for 2006data only. The columns above or below stage II indicate the number of dB difference with the stage IIlimits. Light green shaded fields indicate an equal or lower value than the stage II limits.

Eq.

no. Equipment name Art

number

of

measure

ments mean min max std

new 90%

curve: dB

above or

below

stage II

curve

% below

new 90%

curve

new 70%

curve:dB

above or

below

stage II

curve

% below

new 70%

curve

new 50%

curve: dB

above or

below

stage II

curve

% below

new 50%

curve

new 30%

curve: dB

above or

below

stage II

curve

% below

new 50%

curve

3a builders' hoists for the transport of goods (com 12 4 98.2 89 102 6.2 5 100.0 4 75.0 4 75.0 2 50.0

8b compaction machines (only vibrating and non-v 12 1976 105.4 85 115 2.6 2 99.5 1 88.5 0 52.9 -2 32.8

9 compressors (< 350 kW) 12 403 94.6 79 102 5.0 1 91.6 1 91.6 -1 55.3 -7 31.5

10 concrete-breakers and picks, hand-held 12 216 104.1 95 110 3.4 1 95.8 0 77.8 -1 60.2 -3 31.9

12 construction winches (combustion-engine drive 12 119 95.6 76 109 4.3 3 94.1 1 79.8 0 66.4 -5 37.0

16 dozers (< 500 kW) 12 69 107.9 97 115 3.6 2 97.1 2 97.1 1 50.7 0 31.9

18 dumpers (< 500 kW) 12 140 103.1 89 114 5.5 2 91.4 1 72.1 0 55.0 -2 31.4

21 excavator-loaders (< 500 kW) 12 189 99.9 88 111 3.9 -1 91.0 -2 72.0 -4 51.9 -5 41.3

20 excavators, hydraulic or rope-operated (< 500 k 12 790 100.1 87 112 4.8 2 95.1 1 77.3 0 56.2 -1 33.9

23 graders (< 500 kW) 12 33 105.1 98 109 3.0 2 97.0 2 97.0 1 69.7 0 30.3

29 hydraulic power packs 12 33 100.2 88 112 4.5 2 90.9 0 72.7 -1 63.6 -3 39.4

31 landfill compactors, loader-type with bucket (< 12 66 103.4 97 111 2.5 5 90.9 3 89.4 2 56.1 1 30.3

33 lawn trimmers lawn edge trimmers 12 103 93.7 60 104 5.6 2 99.0 1 81.6 0 58.3 -3 30.132 lawnmowers (excluding agricultural and forestry 12 1499 96.4 72 125 4.5 1 92.7 1 92.7 0 55.1 -1 34.6

36a lift trucks, combustion-engine driven, counterba 12 305 104.0 83 112 4.8 5 94.1 3 82.6 2 67.9 1 46.2

37 loaders (< 500 kW) 12 778 102.4 93 113 3.0 1 97.6 0 88.4 -1 65.8 -3 38.6

38 mobile cranes 12 257 103.5 93 112 2.5 1 97.3 -1 82.5 -2 64.2 -4 36.6

40 motor hoes (< 3 kW) 12 21 93.9 78 105 7.0 7 90.5 2 76.2 1 66.7 1 66.7

41b paver-finishers (excluding paver-finishers equip 12 153 106.4 101 117 2.6 4 90.2 2 76.5 2 76.5 1 34.6

45a power generators (< 400 kW) 12 363 95.5 69 101 4.5 2 99.4 1 77.1 1 77.1 -1 35.5

53 tower cranes 12 83 91.7 82 99 5.1 0 97.6 0 97.6 -5 57.8 -11 31.3

57 welding generators 12 34 96.6 91 99 3.1 2 91.2 2 91.2 2 91.2 -2 32.4

Eq.


number

of

measure


new 90%

curve: dB

above or

below

stage II

curve

% below

new 90%

curve

new 70%

curve:dB

above or

below

stage II

curve

% below

new 70%

curve

new 50%

curve: dB

above or

below

stage II

curve

% below

new 50%

curve

new 30%

curve: dB

above or

below

stage II

curve

% below

new 50%

curve

3a Builders' hoists for the transport of goods (comb 12 1 89.0 89 89 0.0 -4 100.0 -4 100.0 -4 100.0 -4 100.0

8b Compaction machines (only vibrating and non-v 12 113 104.7 97 110 2.6 2 99.1 1 89.4 0 59.3 -2 31.9

9 Compressors (< 350 kW) 12 17 95.9 86 99 3.2 0 100.0 -1 76.5 -1 76.5 -2 47.110 Concrete-breakers and picks, hand-held 12 13 104.4 101 108 2.4 1 100.0 -1 84.6 -1 84.6 -2 38.5

12 Construction winches (combustion-engine drive 12 1 109.0 109 109 0.0 3 100.0 3 100.0 3 100.0 3 100.0

16 Dozers (< 500 kW) 12 11 107.7 104 111 2.2 8 100.0 0 72.7 0 72.7 -1 45.5

18 Dumpers (< 500 kW) 12 14 104.1 92 110 5.6 0 100.0 0 100.0 -1 64.3 -2 42.9

21 Excavator-loaders (< 500 kW) 12 21 100.5 93 107 3.6 -2 90.5 -3 76.2 -4 57.1 -6 33.3

20 Excavators, hydraulic or rope-operated (< 500 k 12 82 98.6 92 109 4.5 0 95.1 -1 80.5 -1 80.5 -2 31.7

23 Graders (< 500 kW) 12 9 102.1 98 105 2.5 2 100.0 -3 77.8 -3 77.8 -3 77.8

29 Hydraulic power packs 12 13 98.2 95 101 1.8 -1 100.0 -3 76.9 -3 76.9 -3 76.9

31 Landfill compactors, loader-type with bucket (< 12 3 99.0 99 99 0.0 -2 100.0 -2 100.0 -2 100.0 -2 100.0

33 Lawn trimmers lawn edge trimmers 12 6 81.7 60 94 14 0 100.0 -2 83.3 -7 50.0 -26 33.3

32 Lawnmowers (excluding agricultural and forestr 12 84 96.5 85 104 4.2 2 96.4 1 86.9 -1 63.1 -3 32.1

36a Lift trucks, combustion-engine driven, counterba 12 9 103.3 93 110 4.8 2 100.0 0 77.8 0 77.8 0 77.8

37 Loaders (< 500 kW) 12 57 101.5 98 107 2.1 -2 93.0 -2 93.0 -3 59.6 -4 31.6

38 Mobile cranes 12 17 101.6 96 107 3.1 3 100.0 -1 70.6 -2 64.7 -4 47.1

40 Motor hoes (< 3 kW) 12 7 97.9 81 105 8.8 9 100.0 7 71.4 6 57.1 6 57.1

41b Paver-finishers (excluding paver-finishers equip 12 18 107.7 104 117 3.4 8 94.4 2 83.3 1 55.6 0 38.9

45a Power generators (< 400 kW) 12 15 91.8 69 98 9.0 0 93.3 -1 73.3 -1 73.3 -3 46.7

53 Tower cranes 12 0

57 Welding generators 12 0


24/271


Table 2.5: Guaranteed values and limit compliance for Article 12 equipment types. Thelower table is for 2006 data only. The L30%-L90%limits are taken from the measured valueswith 2 dB added. Light green shading indicates 30-50% compliance, dark green shadingindicates more than 50% compliance.

Eq.

no. Equipment name Art.

Number ofguaranteed

values mean min max std

%

meetingstage I

limit

%

meetingstage II

limit

% meeting

limit L90

% meeting

limit L70

% meeting

limit L50

% meeting

limit L30

3a Builders' hoists for the transport of goods (com 12 4 100,2 93 104 5,0 50,0 25,0 100,0 75,0 75,0 50,0

8b Compaction machines (only vibrating and non- 12 2017 107,3 88 118 2,5 99,2 32,1 99,7 99,2 45,7 32,1

9 Compressors (< 350 kW) 12 406 97,2 83 102 4,0 98,8 44,1 100,0 100,0 52,2 20,2

10 Concrete-breakers and picks, hand-held 12 216 107,1 98 113 2,3 89,4 26,4 89,4 89,4 38,4 12,5

12 Construction winches (combustion-engine driv 12 119 97,2 77 111 3,4 80,7 43,7 95,8 80,7 78,2 27,7

16 Dozers (< 500 kW) 12 71 109,5 100 116 3,8 97,2 11,3 97,2 97,2 97,2 22,5

18 Dumpers (< 500 kW) 12 143 105,2 97 114 4,3 100,0 35,7 100,0 100,0 53,8 35,7

21 Excavator-loaders (< 500 kW) 12 204 100,8 89 113 4,1 100,0 79,9 99,5 79,9 69,1 49,0

20 Excavators, hydraulic or rope-operated (< 500 12 804 101,1 88 112 4,7 99,9 34,6 99,9 99,9 73,6 52,5

23 Graders (< 500 kW) 12 34 106,8 99 111 2,9 100,0 29,4 100,0 100,0 100,0 50,0

29 Hydraulic power packs 12 33 102,7 99 115 2,8 97,0 60,6 97,0 66,7 66,7 24,2

31 Landfill compactors, loader-type with bucket (< 12 69 104,1 98 111 2,2 87,0 17,4 98,6 89,9 87,0 87,0

33 Lawn trimmers lawn edge trimmers 12 102 95,9 85 104 3,0 99,0 38,2 99,0 99,0 99,0 24,5

32 Lawnmowers (excluding agricultural and forestr 12 1514 98,2 75 128 4,4 95,8 20,8 95,9 95,9 95,8 24,4

36a Lift trucks, combustion-engine driven, counterb 12 322 105,3 96 114 4,0 78,9 23,3 97,2 87,9 82,3 78,9

37 Loaders (< 500 kW) 12 790 103,4 96 114 2,9 100,0 65,2 100,0 96,5 95,8 50,6

38 Mobile cranes 12 287 105,7 97 113 2,6 99,0 71,4 99,0 77,7 71,4 29,6

40 Motor hoes (< 3 kW) 12 21 96,3 82 105 6,5 76,2 19,0 90,5 76,2 76,2 76,241b Paver-finishers (excluding paver-finishers equi 12 154 107,9 104 120 2,8 76,6 1,3 90,9 79,9 79,9 76,6

45a Power generators (< 400 kW) 12 373 96,5 78 102 3,7 99,2 35,9 100,0 99,7 99,7 45,3

53 Tower cranes 12 90 94,4 84 100 4,2 100,0 66,7 100,0 100,0 56,7 3,3

57 Welding generators 12 34 96,7 91 99 3,1 88,2 32,4 100,0 100,0 100,0 32,4

Eq.


Number of

measure-


% meeting

stage I limit

% meeting

stage II

limit

% meeting

new 90%

limit

% meeting

new 70%

limit

% meeting

new 50%

limit

% meeting

new 30%

limit

3a Builders' hoists for the transport of goods (combu 12 1 93.0 93 93 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

8b Compaction machines (only vibrating and non-vib 12 114 107.0 99 111 2.4 100.0 37.7 100.0 100.0 41.2 37.7

9 Compressors (< 350 kW) 12 18 98.2 97 100 0.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0

10 Concrete-breakers and picks, hand-held 12 13 106.3 104 109 1.9 100.0 61.5 100.0 100.0 76.9 23.1

12 Construction winches (combustion-engine driven) 12 1 111.0 111 111 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

16 Dozers (< 500 kW) 12 11 111.6 108 116 2.8 81.8 0.0 81.8 81.8 81.8 9.1

18 Dumpers (< 500 kW) 12 16 106.1 101 110 3.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

21 Excavator-loaders (< 500 kW) 12 19 101.9 95 108 3.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 42.1

20 Excavators, hydraulic or rope-operated (< 500 k 12 81 99.5 88 109 4.7 100.0 95.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.5

23 Graders (< 500 kW) 12 10 104.9 99 107 3.2 100.0 90.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 90.029 Hydraulic power packs 12 13 100.7 99 102 0.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 30.8

31 Landfill compactors, loader-type with bucket (< 5 12 3 101.7 99 103 2.3 100.0 33.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

33 Lawn trimmers lawn edge trimmers 12 6 91.2 85 96 3.8 100.0 83.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 66.7

32 Lawnmowers (excluding agricultural and forestry 12 84 99.9 89 105 3.8 88.1 23.8 88.1 88.1 88.1 23.8

36a Lift trucks, combustion-engine driven, counterbal 12 9 104.9 101 111 3.9 100.0 66.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

37 Loaders (< 500 kW) 12 57 102.4 99 108 2.0 100.0 96.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 93.0

38 Mobile cranes 12 17 103.4 97 109 3.4 82.4 70.6 82.4 70.6 70.6 47.1

40 Motor hoes (< 3 kW) 12 7 100.4 85 105 8.1 28.6 28.6 71.4 28.6 28.6 28.6

41b Paver-finishers (excluding paver-finishers equipp 12 18 109.8 105 120 3.6 72.2 5.6 88.9 83.3 83.3 72.2

45a Power generators (< 400 kW) 12 15 95.1 91 97 2.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

53 Tower cranes 12 0

57 Welding generators 12 0

The Article 12 equipment tends to generally fulfil the stage I limits, with pass rates ofwell above 70% (for guaranteed levels). The only exception is type 3a, with a 50% passrate, which may be caused by the low number of available values. Therefore the stage I

limits can be considered feasible. For the stage II limits, pass rates (guaranteed levels)of more than 50% are only achieved by equipment types 21, 29, 37, 38 and 53 (allconstruction machines). For these, stricter limits are feasible. Pass rates of above 30%-50% are achieved for the types 8b, 9, 12, 18, 20, 33, 45a and 57. For these types thestage II limits could be considered feasible. Types 3a, 10, 16, 23, 31, 32, 36a, 40 and41b have less than 30% pass rate for stage II and therefore stage II may not yet befeasible for these.

The compliance is even better if only 2006 data is taken, for as far as data is available:Types 10, 23 and 36a are shown to be feasible based on 2006 data.

Possible limit changes based on the statistical analysis are given in table 2.6.


25/271


The graphical data is presented for each equipment type in chapter 10. Measured data isset out as a function of the technical parameter together with the L30%, L50%, L70%, L90%curves. Guaranteed levels are set out as a function of the technical parameter togetherwith the stage II and stage II limit curves, and with the L30%, L50%, L70%, L90%curves

plus 2 dB. All the pass rate and limit curves are rounded to the nearest whole number,and follow the same curve shape as in the Directive. Both the measured and guaranteedlevels are indicated by a number, which corresponds to the year of declaration (1=2001, 2=2002 etc.).

An example of the data is shown for Article 12 compressors (


26/271


Figure 2.2 Measured sound power levels of 403 samples set out against the technical parameterwith the L30%, L50%, L70%, L90%curves for compressors (< 350 KW).The numbers on each measurement point indicate the year (2001-2006).


27/271


28/271


In table 2.6 the feasibility of the stage I and stage II limits is given for pass rates of 30%and 50% in the measured data; this was performed for both the whole dataset and againfor only the 2006 (stage II) data. The potential new limits are given as an addition to thestage II limits. The feasibility is derived where possible from 2006 data, and where

insufficient data for 2006 was available, from the whole dataset.In the column on the far right, the recommendations for limit changes are given, basedon the findings.

Table 2.6 Feasibility of the stage I and stage II limits, and potential new limits based on pass rates of 50%and 30%. Potential new limits are indicated as a difference to stage II limits. Concludedpossible limits are given in the right hand column.

Eq.

no. Equipment

Stage I

limit

feasibility

Number

of 2001-

6 data

Potential new limit

L50, Stage II +

based on 2001-6

data

Potential new limit

L30, Stage II +

based on 2001-6

data

Number

of 2006

data

Potential new limit

L50, Stage II +

based on 2006 data

only

Potential new limit

L30, Stage II +

based on 2006 data

only

Limit

based on

Stage II limit

feasibility

L50/L30

Proposed new

limit, based

only on stat

analysis

3a Bui lders' hoists for the transport o f goods (combustion-Yes 4 1 insufficient unclear stage II (?)

8b Compaction machines (only vibrating and non-vibratingYes 1976 2 0 113 2 0 all No/yes stage II

9 Compressors (< 350 kW) Yes 403 1 -5 17 1 0 all No/yes stage II

10 Concrete-breakers and picks, hand-held Yes 216 1 -1 13 1 0 all No/yes stage II

12 Construction winches (combustion-engine driven) Yes 119 2 -3 1 2001-2005 No/yes stage II

16 Dozers (< 500 kW) Yes 69 3 2 11 2 1 2006 No stage II + 1

18 Dumpers (< 500 kW) Yes 140 2 0 14 1 0 2006 No/yes stage II

21 Excavator-loaders (< 500 kW) Yes 189 -2 -3 21 -2 -4 all Yes stage II - 2

20 Excavators, hydraulic or rope-operated (< 500 kW) Yes 790 2 1 82 1 0 2006 No/Yes stage II

23 Graders (< 500 kW) Yes 33 3 2 9 -1 -1 2006 Yes stage II - 1

29 Hydraulic power packs Yes 33 1 -1 13 -1 -1 2006 Yes stage II - 1

31 Landfill compactors, loader-type with bucket (< 500 kWYes 66 4 3 3 0 0 2006 Yes stage II

33 Lawn trimmers lawn edge trimmers Yes 103 2 -1 6 -5 -24 2006 Yes stage II - 3

32 Lawnmowers (excluding agricultural and forestry equip Yes 1499 2 1 84 1 -1 2006 No/yes stage II

36a Lift trucks, combustion-engine driven, counterbalancedYes 305 4 3 9 2 2 2006 No stage I

37 Loaders (< 500 kW) Yes 778 1 -1 57 -1 -2 2006 Yes stage II - 1

38 Mobile cranes Yes 257 0 -2 17 0 -2 2006 Yes stage II - 1

40 Motor hoes (< 3 kW) Yes 21 3 3 7 2001-2005 No stage I

41b Paver-finishers (excluding paver-finishers equipped witYes 153 4 3 18 3 2 2006 No stage I

45a Power generators (< 400 kW) Yes 363 3 1 15 1 -1 2006 No/yes stage II

53 Tower cranes Yes 83 -3 -9 0 2001-2005 Yes stage II - 3

57 Welding generators Yes 34 4 0 0 2001-2005 No/yes stage II

From this table it can be seen that the stage II limits are feasible for some of the

equipment types.- for types 21, 23, 29, 33, 37, 38 and 53 stage II limits are feasible;- stricter limits than stage II are also feasible for these types, as indicated in table

2.6.- for types 8b, 9, 10, 12, 18, 20, 32, 45a and 57 the stage II limits are feasible if a

30% pass rate is applied; in that case, also stricter limits than stage II may befeasible, as indicated in table 2.6;

- for types 16, 31, 36a, 40 and 41b the stage II limits may not yet be feasible, butfurther analysis of the data and other considerations may disprove this;

- for type 3a, no conclusions can be drawn due to lack of data.

It should be noted, that the technical feasibility and implementation level of noisecontrol measures has not yet been taken into consideration here, and that in some casesthe stage II limits or even stricter limits than listed here may be possible. There mayalso however be technical or economic limitations.

2.5 Potential for limits for marked equipment

Potential new limits for marked equipment (Article 13) were investigated by analysingmeasured and guaranteed levels. Potential limit curves were proposed, based on aregression curve and percentage pass rates of measured data plus a margin of 2 dB. Thelimit curves were based on the data from the database that included the parameter value.For equipment types with a potentially flat limit curve (i.e. single value), also the othervalues without technical parameter were included in the analysis. Data with apparentlyincorrect parameter values were omitted when determining a regression curve; in


29/271


particular negative slopes were not allowed and in this case, flat limit curves weregenerated.

In table 2.7, the mean values, min/max values, the standard deviation, the median

(baseline) curve as A + B lg(parameter) are listed, together with pass rates for L30%,L50%, L70%and L90%curves based on measured values from the database. Next to eachof these, the difference in dB relative to the baseline is given. The actual limit is thenobtained by adding 2 dB to these values.

In table 2.8 the pass rates for guaranteed values are given for these new potential limits.A limit based on the L50%curve would seem to be appropriate here as these would benew limits.

An example of available measured data and guaranteed level data together with newpotential limits for Article 13 equipment is given in figure 2.4, showing the measureddata marked by year, the mean regression curve and the L30%, L50%, L70%and L90%curves. An example of the presentation of guaranteed level data and potential newlimits is shown in figure 2.5.

New potential noise limits for all Article 13 equipment purely based on the statisticalanalysis are proposed as set out in table 2.9. Here, environmental, technical or economicfactors are yet taken into account.


30/271


Table 2.7: Measured values and potential new limits for Article 13 equipment types.Median (baseline) = A+B lg(parameter). Green shaded fields have a pass rate of 50% or higher. The columns titledNew x% limit indicate the number of dB to be added to the baseline to obtain the L

x%curve. Zero or negative

differences are marked light green. Orange shaded fields have insufficient samples to determine a limit.

Eq.


number

of

measure

ments mean min max std A B

new 90%

limit: dBA

above or

below

baseline

% meeting

new 90%

limit

new 70%

limit: dBA

above or

below

baseline

% meeting

new 70%

limit

new 50%

limit: dBA

above or

below

baseline

% meeting

new 50%

limit

new 30%

limit: dBA

above or

below

baseline

% meeting

new 30%

limit

1 Aerial access platforms with combustion engine 13 136 93.0 78 112 8.1 99.6 0 5 92.6 -3 73.5 -8 52.2 -12 36.0

2 Brush cutters 13 209 107.9 95 118 4.8 106.0 0 7 96.2 6 85.2 3 52.6 -2 36.8

3b Builders' hoists for the transport of goods (with electric mo 13 2 89.5 80 99 13.4 89.5 0 9 100.0 9 100.0 9 100.0 -10 50.0

4 Building site band saw machine 13

5 Building site circular saw bench 13

6 Chain saws, portable 13 233 106.8 90 117 6.0 108.8 0 6 94.4 2 71.2 -2 53.6 -6 35.2

7 Combined high pressure flushers and suction vehicles 13 83 108.4 75 121 4.6 108.4 0 3 94.0 1 71.1 1 71.1 0 43.4

8a Compaction machines (explosion rammers only) 13 11 102.7 98 107 2.3 102.7 0 1 90.9 1 90.9 0 54.5 -1 45.5

11 Concrete or mortar mixers 13 78 99.7 72 120 10.0 98.2 0 16 98.7 9 75.6 1 51.3 0 37.2

13 Conveying and spraying machines for concrete and morta 13 36 87.7 64 104 12.2 72.9 19.21 9 94.4 5 75.0 1 58.3 -4 30.6

14 Conveyor belts 13 9 108.1 103 113 3.4 103.0 0 10 100.0 7 77.8 5 55.6 2 33.3

15 Cooling equipment on vehicles 13 0

17 Drill rigs 13 132 110.7 98 127 6.8 99.8 5.28 8 90.2 2 72.7 0 50.8 -3 34.8

19 Equipment for loading and unloading silos or tanks on truc 13 42 108.0 105 111 1.7 108.0 0 2 92.9 1 78.6 0 59.5 -1 45.2

22 Glass recycling containers 13 31 92.2 84 99 5.3 92.2 0 7 100.0 4 80.6 1 51.6 -5 32.3

24 Grass trimmers/grass edge trimmers 13 27 108.0 103 113 4.0 110.9 18.58 4 100.0 2 74.1 -1 51.9 -3 40.7

25 Hedge trimmers 13 329 96.6 77 108 5.4 96.5 0 7 94.2 3 72.3 -2 50.2 -4 32.2

26 High pressure flushers 13 28 97.6 83 111 7.6 97.6 0 10 96.4 3 75.0 -2 53.6 -3 35.7

27 High pressure water jet machines 13 141 103.8 75 123 9.4 88.7 0 24 91.5 20 75.9 17 51.1 13 32.6

28 Hydraulic hammers 13 61 109.9 95 132 11.5 92.7 10.46 5 90.2 1 73.8 -2 54.1 -4 36.1

30 Joint cutters 13 76 107.0 95 115 4.9 106.7 0 6 97.4 2 76.3 2 76.3 -1 34.2

34 Leaf blowers 13 111 102.2 81 115 4.8 101.7 0 5 90.1 2 73.0 0 50.5 -2 36.9

35 Leaf collectors 13 33 100.8 66 109 9.9 100.3 0 9 100.0 5 72.7 2 51.5 -1 36.4

36b Lift trucks, CE driven, couterbalanced (others excl. Contai 13 17 102.9 94 111 4.5 98.5 0 12 100.0 6 70.6 3 58.8 1 47.1

39 Mobile waste containers 13 22 95.6 78 105 7.0 95.6 0 6 90.9 4 72.7 2 63.6 -3 31.8

41a Paver-finishers (equipped with a high-compaction screed) 13 12 107.7 102 109 2.7 86.1 10.63 2 91.7 1 83.3 1 83.3 0 50.0

42 Piling equipment 13 2 115.5 102 129 19.1 129.0 0 0 100.0 0 100.0 -27 50.0 -27 50.0

43 Pipelayers 13 6 114.2 104 124 9.2 38.2 34.85 2 100.0 2 100.0 0 66.7 -1 33.3

44 Piste caterpillars 13 4 106.2 106 107 0.5 106.3 0 1 100.0 0 75.0 0 75.0 0 75.0

45b Power generators (>_ 400 kw) 13 40 95.1 88 102 3.3 94.9 0 3 95.0 2 87.5 1 60.0 -1 32.5

46 Power sweepers 13 78 97.9 70 115 11.7 100.0 0 11 92.3 9 80.8 -2 52.6 -13 34.6

47 Refuse collection vehicles 13 5595 104.5 93 112 3.3 107.4 0 2 99.9 -2 73.8 -2 73.8 -2 73.8

48 Road milling machines 13 15 110.5 106 118 2.6 111.1 0 2 93.3 -1 80.0 -1 80.0 -1 80.0

49 Scarifiers 13 67 91.7 79 102 5.4 92.8 0 5 94.0 2 82.1 -1 53.7 -4 31.350 Shredders chippers 13 217 103.1 82 123 9.8 106.5 0 11 92.6 0 70.0 -2 61.3 -9 30.9

51 Snow-removing machines with rotating tools (self-propelle 13 81 102.6 89 108 3.7 103.9 0 2 91.4 1 71.6 -1 53.1 -3 33.3

52 Suction vehicles 13 30 107.2 103 113 2.6 107.2 0 4 93.3 1 73.3 1 73.3 -1 40.0

54 Trenchers 13 20 105.4 98 112 4.1 96.7 6.29 4 100.0 2 90.0 0 55.0 -2 30.0

55 Truck mixers 13 41 108.0 84 113 6.9 111.3 0 1 90.2 1 90.2 -2 53.7 -3 41.5

56 Water pump units (not for use under water) 13 214 100.6 62 115 10.5 92.9 0 16 98.6 12 73.8 12 73.8 8 33.2


31/271

TNO report | MON-RPT-033-DTS-2007-02554 | v4.3 | Septemb

Studiu Directiva ZGOMOT 16 10

Documents

Transcript of Studiu Directiva ZGOMOT 16 10