Studio air part a jiayun ke 621409

ADS 2016, SEMESTER 1, CANHUI CHENJIAYUN KE 621409

ALGORITHMIC JOURNAL

AIR

CONTENTSIntroduction

PART A: ConceptualizationA.1. Design Futuring

A.2. Design Computation

A.3. Composition/Generation

A.4. Conclusion

A.5. Learning Outcomes

A.6. Appendix-Algorithmic Sketches

f e a rSELF INTRODUCTION

My name is Jiayun Ke and my prefered name is Emma. I am currently a 3rd year architecture student in the Bachelor of Environments course.

I was born in Shanghai, China and came to melbourne to study at the age of 17. I have been interested in art and drawing since I was 5, and it influenced me to develop a passion in the fields of design and architecture over the years.

Outside of the architecure field, I’m also interested in movie, fashion, illustrations, stage design, graphic design and music.

My fascination with architecture derives from exploring how the conception, space, form and functions can be put together in order to create an organic intergrity unit. Through the several design courses, I enjoyed in transforming my design ideas into computational software in order to create a detailed representation of it.

I was impressed by the power of the digital method in design last year as I took the subject Digital Design and Fabrication. At the begining, me and my partner had come up with strong concept for the design, but then we were struggling with the physical model as the certain curvity of the volume couldn’t be modelled acurately. Fortunately, we eventually achieved our desired outcome by keep developing the deisgn in computational program and using laser cutting. Then I found that the importance of the digital and computational method and its broad potentials. I look forward to develop my digital skill and learn more about computational design through the study in Studio AIR.

JIAYUN KE

MAJOR:

ARCHITECURE

STAGE DESIGN

ILLUSTRATIONS

STUDIO: EARTH

SELF INTRO

f e a r

PAST EXPERIENCE

6 CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 7

conceptualization

8 CONCEPTUALISATION

No Doubt that the world is experiencing rapid changes in different aspects such as technology, social communication , natural environments and needs&norms of people. Each of these aspects would influence our society and the quality of life. After years of thoughtless consumption of limited resources, we are confronting our nemesis-a ‘defuturing’ consition of unsustainability which is a threat to outr species.1 As designers and architects, it is time to begin to think about how to utilize our design to fit in the future and being sustainable. In design practice, we should consider carefully the conception and the design influence on the environment through the use of material, forms and functions.2

The Wooden Skyscraper designed by C.F. Møller and DinnellJohansson is planned for Stockholm’s city center in 2023. This design can be taken into account the notion of design futuring throught sustainability. As we know that the world population is increaing rapidly. High rise

Precedent 1

A.1. DESIGN FUTURING

FIG.1: WOODEN SKYSCRAPERS INTERIOR

1. Tony Fry. Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg, 2009), pp, 1-4

apartments become the trend of residential properties. The Wooden Skyscraper is the world’s tallest wooden skyscraper. The difference from other reinforced concrete skyscrapers is that the main exterior and interiror structure are all in plywood. Due to 15% of wood mass being water, which will evaporate before the wood actually burns, the whole building is fireproof. According to the architects, “pillars and beams will be constructed using solid and cross-laminated timber and inside the apartment floors.”3 The study found that exposure to wooden panels significantly decreased the subjects’ blood pressure, and the presence of wood has positive physiological effects,lowering blood pressure heart rate and stress responses when compared to other material types like steel and concrete. Thus, it is an environmentally friendly and durable material wherein the indoor climate would be comfortable and healthy. Moreover, the solar panels on the roof top could reduce the energy consumption efficiently. Other soical functions like green roof, cafe, gym and winter garden also also achieved the social sustainability in a future context. This building shows the great sustainability and provide the insight of the design futuring.

2. Ibid., p. 3.

3. James Taylor-Foster, Wooden Skyscrapers by C.F. Møller & DinnellJohansson (Archdaily, 2013) < http://www. archdaily.

com/458202/c-f-moller-s-wooden-skyscraper-wins-international-competition

CONCEPTUALISATION 9

Wooden SkyscrapersC.F.Moller/DinellJohanssons

1. Tony Fry. Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg, 2009), pp, 1-4

2. Ibid., p. 3.

3. James Taylor-Foster, Wooden Skyscrapers by C.F. Møller & DinnellJohansson (Archdaily, 2013) < http://www. archdaily.

com/458202/c-f-moller-s-wooden-skyscraper-wins-international-competition

10 CONCEPTUALISATION

The GherkinFoster & Partners, 2004

CONCEPTUALISATION 11

A.1. DESIGN FUTURING

The London office tower designed by Foster& Partners located on 30st Mary Axe showed how the urban icon engaged and leveraged perceptions of risk.4 Its iconic form gives it distincitive name’The Gherkin’. Its aesthetics not only signified the econimic power, but also showed how high rise buildings play the role to the future urbanism.

On the other hand, The Gherkin is also environmental friendly as it is enclosed by the curtain wall that combines two systems including the interior curtain wall of rectangular single-glazed panels fitted with blinds and the exterior curtain wall of clear diamond-shaped double-glazed panels. It emphasized the mixed-mode ventilation technique (can be seen in Figure 3 that would allow the building to be cooled

Precedent 2

FIG.2: PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF A SIMULATION OF AIR VELOCITIES FIG.3 MIXED-MODE VENTILATION DIAGRAM

4. Jonathan Massey, The Gherkin (Archdaily, 2013 < http://www.archdaily.com/447205/the-gherkin-

how-london-s-famous-tower-leveraged-risk-and-became-an-icon-part-2

mechanically and through natural ventilation. Figure 2 illustrates that the air velocity around the spiraling atria, the interior curtain wall is omitted and the exterior curtain wall is tinted to reduce solar heat gain and as fitted with opened windows that are tilt to admit fresh air in order to reduce carbon dioxide and also the building’s energy consumption.When weather permits, the computerized BMS can slectively open these windows.

The use of computational technology and sustainbale design reduced the use of air conditioning and allowed the natural light getting through the glazing windows in order to manage the risks posed by climate change and globalization.


ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion designed by ICD / ITKE University of Stuttgart is located in 70174 Stuttgart, Germany. This project is a good example that shows how computation helped designers to achieve the desired outcome but also solving the construction problems.

The design conception was based on the study of biological construction processes for fiber-reinforced structures.5 In that respects, the design team utilized computational method to examin the web construction process of the water spider and analyzed the behavioral patterns and rules, then abstracted and transferred into the technological fabrication process. At the first stage of the design and construction process, the shell geometry and main fiber bundle locations are generated by a computational form finding method. However, the fabrication constraints the structural simulation. So the team firstly analysed the finite element of the composite shell through computational

Precedent 1

A.2. DESIGN COMPUTATION

FIG.1: COMPARISON OF VARIOUS FIBER REINFORCEMENT STRATEGIES

5. ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-15 / ICD / ITKE University of Stuttgart (Archdaily, 2015) <http://www.

archdaily.com/770516/icd-itke-research-pavilion-2014-15-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart

6. Zeynab Matar, ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-2015 | University of Stuttgart (Arch20, 2014) <http://

www.arch2o.com/icditke-research-pavilion-2014-2015-university-of-stuttgart/

FIG.6: VARIOUS FIBER LAYERS ROBOTICALLY PLACED IN ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION 2014-15FIG.5: FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE SHELL

FIG.4: DIAGRAM OF INTEGRATED DESIGN CRITERIA

method and compared the various fiber reinforcement strategies. Then the various fiber layers are chosen to placed in the design. However, as during the reinforcement process, there would still be minor fluctuations in deformation, the details of the construction is importaint to look out. Therefore, a prototypical custom made robot tool was used for the process to allow placement of carbon fibers based on integrated sensor data.

In this case, the computational design process enables the designers to caculate and integrate these design parameters into various performative result in order to solve the construction problem and also accelerate the fabrication process.


ICD/ITKE Research PavilionUniversity of Stuttgart, 20156. Zeynab Matar, ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-2015 | University of Stuttgart (Arch20, 2014) <http://

www.arch2o.com/icditke-research-pavilion-2014-2015-university-of-stuttgart/

FIG.6: VARIOUS FIBER LAYERS ROBOTICALLY PLACED IN ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION 2014-15


Sean Ahlqust (ICD) & Julian Lienhard (ITKE), 2012 Textile Hybrid M1

7. ICD Research Buildings / Prototypes, (Universitat Stuttgart, 2012) < http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=7799

8. COMPUTATION OF MATERIAL BEHAVIOR, ICD Research Buildings / Prototypes, (Universitat Stuttgart, 2012) < http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=7799

FIG.8: SEQUENCE OF FORM-FINDING STEPS IN SOFISTIK-FEM, BASED ON ROD ASSOCIATION FROM PHYSICAL MODEL, UTILIZING FULLY AUTOMIZED INCREMENTAL FORM-FINDING STRATEGY TO TRACK ALL STRESS


A.2. DESIGN COMPUTATION

The Textile Hybrid M1 at La Tour de l’Architecte showcases led by Sean Anhiquist at ICD and Julian Lienhard from ITKE is one example that shows the deep integration of computational software in terms of fabrication of the compositional material. .

This project is on the subject of developing the understanding of the textile material behaviour for new typologies lightweight tensile and bending active structure through the physical experiments and computaional methods.7

This project is mainly constructed by the translucent structure with the textile membrane in a way of using bending composite rods with active leaf like shape with integrated tensile surface. However, to construct such

result, the team wonders how the textile structure could hold itself up through tension and to make the structural performance stable. Therefore, they need to use computational method and fabrication to experiment the material behaviour in order to manipulate such light-weight feather like form. By using computational prgram such like Softisk, it allowed for finding the great degrees of the displacement to be calculated in order to form-find the rod positions.8

On the other hand, prototyping the materials also plays an important role in the design process.As such fabrication enables designers to understand the dynamics of the sel-organizing system as well as test the relationships between varying material parameters and accomplishing a stable form.However, when working in these two methods togetheror,the process becomes interdependent as to accelerate the design process efficiently.

Therefore, the designers should not only rely on computational method to create intriguing form but also the construction.

FIG.7: TEXTILE HYBRID CONCEPT OF BENDING ACTIVE LEAF-LIKE SHAPE WITH INTEGRATED TENSILE SURFACE

Precedent 2

Precedent 1

A.3. COMPOSITION/GENERATION

FIG.9: 3D SUBDIVISION STUDIES: PROCESSING LINE DRAWINGS


In recent years, algorithmic architecture and generative design has been a new central topic as they are more generally termed as complex systems which could produce intriguing products.

The project Divided Pavilion 1 designed by Michael Hansmeyer is aimed to use simple process to generate heterogenous and complex results. Hansmeyer was initially Inspired by cell division which is a simple process to produce cells by division. In this project he just uses simple input instead of complex rules to explore 3-dimensional subdivision processes to create fascinating shapes and forms by using the mathematics of algorithms.

These processes enable the project to formalize modifications and apply to generate series of architectural pavilions. The Divided Pavilion1 as one result of the series is based on two interlinked cubic frames shown in Figure9, similar to a tesseract.9 Hansmeyers used algorithms to change additional division weights to generate entirely different results in terms of form’s structure and surface attributes.

This case is a good example to inspire us to design by the way of designing the process of generating through algorithms. In this way of design, Hansmeyer have created this new architectural expression to create different outstanding products in different scale such as divided columns, Arabesque wall and so on.

9. Initial Studies: Subdivided Pavilions 2006 Michael Hansmeyer (Michael Hansmeyer Computational Architecture, 2006)

http://www.michael-hansmeyer.com/projects/initial_subdivision_studies_info.html?screenSize=1&color=1

Pavilion 1 (Catmull Clark Subdivion)Michael-Hansmeyer, 2006



Kartal Pendik Masterplan Zaha Hadid Architects, 2006

The Kartal Masterplan designed by Zaha Hadid Architects is a 2006 winning competition proposal which generates various building typologies for the new civic such as residential, commercial and transport hub in order to response to the soical commands.

The plannning was inspired by the ‘Wool-Thread’ which was designed by Stuttgart in1991. During the design process, they adjusted the parameter of the thread’s sur-length,

the apparatus – through the fusion of threads by using morphing in algorithic method. The definition logic is to connect the intersection points to split the areas into regions/ blocks and the major road, thus to create a urban scale network in a deformed grid design.11

This sample is a pioneer in the use of computational method to generate the design to apply on the big urban scale. Algorithmic architecture becomes the driving force towards the generative design wherein the visual ideas are no longer the major begining of a design project and it has opened up more design potentials and opportunities .

FIG.10: MAREK KOLODZIEJCZYK, WOOL-THREAD MODEL TO COMPUTE OPTIMISED DETOUR PATH NETWORKS, INSTITUTE FOR LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES (ILEK), STUTTGART, 1991

FIG.11: DESIGN GENERATION PROCESS


Kartal Pendik Masterplan Zaha Hadid Architects, 2006

10. Kartal Masterplan, (Zaha Hadid Architects, 2006) < http://www.zaha-hadid.com/masterplans/kartal-pendik-masterplan/

graduates-develops-a-new-building-technique-with-computational-design-process.html

11. CECOKA, KARTAL PENDIK MASTERPLAN BY ZAHA HADID ARCHITECTS (TSVETAN HRISTOV, 2015) <https://tshristov.

wordpress.com/2015/05/08/kartal-pendik-masterplan-by-zaha-hadid-architects-work-in-progress/

A.3. COMPOSITION/GENERATIONPrecedent 2

A.4. SUMMARY


The Part A study provides me the insight of the current architectural design approaches that is more toward to sustainability and relied on the technologies as us human are facing a fact of lacking natural resources and many environmental issues. Therefore we should look at designing into future and how to design for future.

Computational design and algorithm becomes a new design approach which enables the designers to deal with complex system and explore more potentials and opportunities in order to achieve intriguing results. It is not only a revolutional trend in architectural field and all design area, but also a shift from composition towards generation.By understanding tand experimenting the algorithmic design, it could be applied to the process of designing for Merri Creek. The Merri Creek brief is an open palette for many potential design outcomes but the site feature would influence the design aspect and the outcome. By observing and exploring the site referring to local audience would allow us to understand the needs and norms and the contraints of the design in order to achieve a precise response.

According to the study these week, the final project would response to both human and nature and also enhance the chosen site in terms of form, social interaction and also environmental sustainabiliy though the process of utilising the computaional methods and design generation.

A.5. LEARNING OUTOMES

Through the three week study, I think I have gained more knowledge about the computational design. The computational method is beneficial for using in complex design precesses but also act as a useful tool to help solving the construction problems and reduce the budget during fabrication process. On the other hand, it’s not only a change in the deign method but rather a shift in design concept in order to extend the thinking field of the designers. Hopefully the computational design would also enhance my design ideas and thinking through the process. in the future.



ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES

A.6

EXPLORING THE DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT

Understanding Geometry, Transformations

Controlling the Algorithm: Lists, Flow Control, Matching


WEEK 1 LOFTING


EXPERIMENTING WITH LOFTING, I

PRODUCED 6 ITERATIONS FOR THE

LOFT OPTIONS TO CREATE DIFFERENT

SURFACES BY TRANSFORMING THE POINTS

AND CURVES 3 DIMENSIONALLY.


EXPERIMENTING

WITH VORONOI,

BY ARRANGE THE

SLIDER TO CREATE

MULTI GEOMETRIC

VOLUMNS AND

DELETING SOME

VOLUMES TO CREATE

A NEW FORM (like

a little pet here).

THEN REPEAT

THE PROCESS ON

CERTAIN CELLS TO

COMBINE TOGETHER.


TRIANGULATION & VORONOI

SIMPLY USING DELAUNAY EDGES

TO CREATE TRAINGULATION

EXPERIMENTING WITH REPETING THE

PROCESS ON PARTICULAR TRIANGLES

DUPPLICATING THE PROCESS AND DELETE

THE GRID, SOME SPACE ARRANGEMENT

CAN BE SEEN LIKE DECONSTRUCTION.


OCTREE & VORONOI


SIMPLY ARRANGE THE SLIDER TO MANAGE THE

RESULT OF OCTREE.THEN DELETING CERTAIN

CELLS AND ADD THE PREVIOUS VORONIO

CELLS RANDOMLY TO CREATE A NEW FORM.

MESH GEOMETRY& voronoi


PATTERNING SURFACES

INTEGRATING PATTERNING SUFACES AND

VORONOI TO CREATE SUCH FORM



ORIENT

BY CHANGING THE X,Y,Z UNIT TO ORIENT THE

LOFT SURFACE CREATED IN WEEK 1


WEEK 2 TRANSFORM MENU

MORPHY


USE MORPHY TO DEVEOP THE LOFT

SURFACE CREATED IN WEEK1.

USE PENTAGON AS GEOMETRY TO APPLY ON THE

SURFACE THEN USE MORPHY TO DEVEOP


CURVE INTERSECTION

MORPHY



CONTOURS AND SECTIONG


CONTOURS ILLUSTRATION

AA DRIFTWOOD SURFACE


THE SHADOW LINES REFLECT THE

SECTION AND PROFILE OF THE VOLUME



WEEK 3 PATTERNING LIST

BY USING PATTERNING

LIST TO CREATE A CELL-

DIVISION LIKE FORM

CREATING A GRIDSHELLCREATE A GRIDSHELL


REFERENCE LIST



[5] ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-15 / ICD / ITKE University of Stuttgart (Archdaily, 2015) <http://www.archdaily.com/770516/icd-itke-research-pavilion-2014-15-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart

[11] CECOKA, KARTAL PENDIK MASTERPLAN BY ZAHA HADID ARCHITECTS (TSVETAN HRISTOV, 2015) <https://tshristov.wordpress.com/2015/05/08/kartal-pendik-masterplan-by-zaha-hadid-architects-work-in-progress/

[8] COMPUTATION OF MATERIAL BEHAVIOR, ICD Research Buildings / Prototypes, (Universitat Stuttgart, 2012) < http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=7799

[7] ICD Research Buildings / Prototypes, (Universitat Stuttgart, 2012) < http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=7799

[9] Initial Studies: Subdivided Pavilions 2006 Michael Hansmeyer (Michael Hansmeyer Computational Architecture, 2006) http://www.michael-hansmeyer.com/projects/initial_subdivision_studies_info.html?screenSize=1&color=1

[3] James Taylor-Foster, Wooden Skyscrapers by C.F. Møller & DinnellJohansson (Archdaily, 2013) < http://www. archdaily.com/458202/c-f-moller-s-wooden-skyscraper-wins-international-competition

[4] Jonathan Massey, The Gherkin (Archdaily, 2013 < http://www.archdaily.com/447205/the-gherkin-how-london-s-famous-tower-leveraged-risk-and-became-an-icon-part-2

[10] Kartal Masterplan, (Zaha Hadid Architects, 2006) < http://www.zaha-hadid.com/masterplans/kartal-pendik-masterplan/graduates-develops-a-new-building-technique-with-computational-design-process.htm

[1,2] Tony Fry. Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg, 2009), pp, 1-4

[6] Zeynab Matar, ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-2015 | University of Stuttgart (Arch20, 2014) <http://www.arch2o.com/icditke-research-pavilion-2014-2015-university-of-stuttgart/

Studio air part a jiayun ke 621409

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