Studies in Documentary Film, Vol.6, Number 2, Interactive Documentary Special 2012

5/26/2018 Studies in Documentary Film, Vol.6, Number 2, Interactive Documentary Special 2...

http:///reader/full/studies-in-documentary-film-vol6-number-2-interactive-docum



& SSN 1757188! Online S: 17719012 ssues per volue] Volume, 213

Aims and ScopeTe Catalan joual of ommicn Cuturl Stdes (CJCS) is an academicournal coitted to publishing peerreviewed wors on media, culural stude sand counicaton heournal pays paticula attenon to he Caalan ediaand cutural syses athough it is open to oth er national a nd ulural c onexts.

Cal for papersCJCS's aproach is multidiscipnary and encourages artiles by sholas,researcher s and professionals worng on te followi ng issues among othes:

ea an communcation historyeda and ulural policies

udence and reception studes

Culural and nationa dentities

edia dsourses and epresentations

Language and language uses

he ultural mpact of new meda

Spots dentty and ed a

ours, hertage and counicaton

Publc relatons and polcal communcaton

Gende Sudies

Edt

EnrCastellRoa i irgil i Univer sity

Asscate tors

osexo CednRovra i Vrgii Unersity

ord Far

Rovira Virgl U nrsy

Hug ODonnellGasgow Caledonian University

l comunicatons o:[email protected]

Intel lect s an ndependent acadec publisher of ooks and journals to vew our ataogue or orde o u ttles vsitwwwintelcbookso o Eai [email protected] ntellet Te ll Paal Road Fishponds Brstol U BS1 JG

SD () p- Intelect mid

Studies n Docmenary Fm

Vlume 6 um ber 2

202 Intellect td Edtoral nglsh language do 10.1386/sf2.123_2

EDITORIAL

JDH ASTON

)ON DOVY

SANDRA GADNZ

i-Docs special edition

s specil eon preses a coleco of arces that came ou of i-Dos2011, te is ieatol symposim excusively devoed o he apidlyevovig ed of neacve documey-mkg. Te symposium was helda he Waershed Media ere n Bristol on beh o he Unversy of heWes o Eglad's Dga Ces Reserch ene. Is m was to showcaserecen projects nd dscuss te rsic, ecoomic ad poicl mpicaons onew foms of facul repesentaon The acles, case sues nd neew ns edion represent e rnge o themes nd debates ha were ised ndcn be see as a ique sapsho o a complex nd verse ed o sudy ha

s n is erly sages of developmeWheever we y to undersd he mpac of he gl wold on meiaonad clre we begn by g o isigush bewee he geuinely novead the cong aions of meia cuues. Our specc eres n tsproec has been n seekig he conuao of a shred dea o 'documentaness n he masma o facuai, daa nd ifomaon crculaing roughe ecosysems of gl mea. Ts s a delberatey ambigous missionmegen ds wa compg am o den d txonomze, omke mesos ad ske erol cams Ws he sese o iscovey s amovag foce n much of he mate in t s specia eon, we have sougho keep he space open Of couse we ned o develop some usefl iscrsveprotocos tha w help us o speak n commensae crtca oges butwe aso w o shape the eld as n cusve nd dnamic conversaon espeed of paorm development aogsde he orce of aesthec endeavors

23



juth Ato 1 ]n Oovey Sadra Gadnz

1

to wesl reaiy nto documen fom nsre hat idocs re mog e me. So we iclud cosideratons of te lir and he daabas fomrragmnts of docmetry matera, d he dbas arond authorshpnd coaboaion avgaon d discovy, whch ehearse th gronds ofypeex oy as applied to docea maels.

Howeve, we aso incd aio, imsve nd xed ey projects taus acy, reporag or isory nd poe o ope p wol w trrisfor docmery away om the isories of isu scrn pracics Thae,cma, ison assm ceri thgs abot er audnc; you bsig n a sea, mo or ess sey, qe pobably n th drk, atendgo h exprienc as it olds. In th dveloping rea of Prasive Mia,pcipnts r oen o h tha or sg room Instead, hey rou n th wod, movg in nd o of bdgs, foowng a-ro, mga oey her sesom op to a wo age of suli compng forhei aeo n se nsacs, dsgners r rured o m work tatcn rspond ly o a cosnty sg context, a work ha s dd by

pop's ac ons Th nvronmn s ss coroab, eady a mise-ns&nepopaed by t dmnd s of v ryday f. is a pproach to idoc s ps adencs nto he midst f a reaon sgicaon sysm whe ti aconssap e xpence n so dong i pomises to mov documnty sudies from is ossso wit rpsnaio o a wder focus on docmentaysysems From esns of wa dos docmeay mea o qsios ofwha dos docmn do?

5 Novmbe2012

uih son )on Dovy d da Gadenzi hav assertd her rig nderhe Copyrigt, esgns and Pants Ac 1988, o died as he autosof s wor n e foma that was sbmitted o Inec Ltd

SDF 6 (2) pp.25-39 Inteect Lmt 202

Sud Douy i

Vu 6 2

0lnte llect Ltd ticle. lish l ue di: 10186/sdf.6225_

J DTH ASTON

niverity o the Wet o Ega d

SAN RA GADENZiverity o te Art London

Interactive documentary:

setting the field

ABSRACT

This artcle aticulates the autho' ombined vision behind convening iDos, therst inteational symposia to focus clusively on the pidly evolving eld of interative doCumnta In so doing, it provides a case study of pcticediven research,in which disussion aound th act of developing and making intractive doumentaies is seen as being a necessa prrequisite to subsequnt theoing in relation totheir impat on the continuing volution of the doumnta genre an essentally

interdiscplina fon of practice, the articl proids a neptual oveiw of whatinterative doumentaies (do) are, where they come om and wt thy uldbecome The ase is made that i-do should not be seen as the unevenl eolutonof doumentaies in the digital realm but ather as a fon of nontion naativethat uses action and choice, immersion and enacted perception as ways to constuctthe real: thr than to represnt it. he retionship between authorship and agen

wthzn 1-docs zs also conszdr ed as bemg ntal to our undetanding of possibiltieswithin a pidly olving eld of study.

TE CONCEPA EVOTON OF HE DOCS GEN RE

order to be h iscssio, a diton of docs s ndd h posiiona in ths ace is ha ny proc hat stars wh a inteno to documnhe '' nd ha ss dgi nraciv tecnoogy o raz hs ienon

KEYWORDS

inacvedoceny

conscng reityauhorspagncyacv owdgcolaboraonacismecs

1



Jdi Ato ndr en

3 Asto egan her caeerworing with te BBCIteactive Televisiouit in te id-98osad the went o tostudy fo a PD. iineractio design

128

and crossculturalcomunicatio atthe Royal ollege ofArt (2003) Gaude ziworked for ten years itelevision productionefore doig a Mi in teractive mediaat the Lodon ollegeof omicationwhich lead er toteach there Se testarted a h.D o thetoc o iteactivedocuentaries atoldsits that is, atthe time of wrtg iits copletio sages.

bicye. Tose tesoes were en made accessble o ny ote pcpntpassing n te aea where he message was s ecorded s tye of locavedocmeny vtes e prc o expeence a 'hybd sace (e Soe Silva 2006: 22) where e dsncon beeen he l d e physclbecomes bred I-dos of ths nate tend to play on ou enaced eceonwhe movng space. As te ct moves tro an eace at sphyscl (ltough enhnced by the gal devce) embomen and saedknowledge e cosaly elaboag new siated menings his caegory isnmed as being xpeen becase bings sers ino physc space, ndcreates n expeece hat chlenges er senses and ei enaced ecepon o the wold

WY ARE SUCH MODS IMPORTANT?

Snce each nteative mode ceates a een dyc wt he se, theatho, he rtefact nd ts context, e gment pesented hee s tat eachone c be seen a oding a eent conscon o ety hle exe

enl dos cn ad layers to te felt erceon o ety, to eae an emboded experience o te prcpnts, convesaonl idocs cn se 3D worlds oecreae scenros heeoe playing wh opons of e Paticpave docsallow peope o have a voce d to rcpae the consucon o ety,wle hpetext ocs cn consct mlle pathways through a se relo povide a rnge o pespecves on a common se of hemes o ssuesI ssense, each fo idoc seems to egoate eliy fa beyond Sela Bzzsvison of doceaies as pefomave acs whose h comes to bengoly a he mome o g (20007 because e momen o th s nowso placed no he acons nd deisons o he se/pcpan We see thsway o g abou idocs as oerng a tool as mc fo e ocreation oety as o s reesenaon. Tis s a poson tat has led us o placgdebaes od h elaonsip between auoshp nd agency wtn idocsa the cene o o scssons

THE FIRST DOCS SYMPOSIUM AND ITS TMLINSS

Fs meeg London a the ocmeny Now! coeence in Jny2009, we ound cmon grod n having woked withn he eld o neacve documentes fo a nbe o yes, boh he emergen ndsnd ogh Ph sdy We noted tat ove he pevous two yes theehad been a ea exosion o rodcons n te eld Bg roducons such as

I-Iighrise (ze, 209ongon om he NB, had been lached, nd heteevsion comany Ae had ceated a otl a htp//webdocsev/ wichhosed a vaey ojecs, om he ecent New York Minue (Roche ndVenco, 2010) dPrison Valey (esne nd Balt, 2010) o a whoe serieso elve webdouenaes decaed o te 50 yers o independence oAca Fenc televison Fnce had lso podced 24 webdocentes,pat o a series caled Portrai d'un Nouveau Monde!ortrait of a New World(me, 2010

ese wee bg ojecs odced or mansem aences leaing oo concluson t docs wee no longe a ce fo Whis e Naonl Bod o Cnada had lso ivesed n messve otal o iteacve docente o wch Highrise nd Ou My Window, om Ka Cze,e pobaby e mos wel nown bt hee were lso oes sch as Weceto Pine Point (Sos nd Shoebidg, 201,GDP (oquee, 200910, Waterl

(Mcmon, 2009 and Maing in Sree (Oehe, Heppeman, Shasnd Bus 2009ongo Finly, a ange o dependen poducons wereemegng ojects such as e Fench Brve de Trotoirs (mbe nd Sva,2010, evasive gmes sch as Bast Teos Rider Spoke (Adms, 2007), duversiy esech poecs sch as Gone Gino (Pea, 2007

Gven s obsevaon, t seemed a logcl next se o ceae a commy o lended peole by orgng a coeence on e sbjec ilsere were new meia awrds attached o age doceny fesvals, heewee no events deicated o ineacve docen Te ocus of he Dossposa was no o be abot debang e meris o nea versus eracve oats, bu moe abo ndestg he new oporuies ha werebeg opened p by he development o ieracve technologes whna twentys centy conex A the het of ou combed eest n heeld was a ndamenal bele n e hun need o try o me sense ohe world aound s, usng whaever tool e to hd, nd in the role onaave nd stoyelg n ha ocess I acceg he dea hat, in o

contemoay mes, gl meia pays n mpoan p n shaig cule,and in encing te ways wch we elae to he word, or awas toexploe how neracve tecnologes migh oer new ways to hep s both todestd he wod d to shae i Te igta Ces Resech Ceneat he Uvesy of the Wes o England ageed o hos he coeence andeen monhs ae Mah 201 te wolds s smposi dedicaed oe eracve documeny gee was held

CONCPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR TE PANLS AND

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

Or l o Paes o iocs 201 was debeaey broad, o accoodae a rnge o appoaches o idocs nd smulae debate rond he lnge o ossbes Gven he backgond n nopoo nd necltrl commcaon, Ason n aculr wed o mae se ha erewas sace to push at the edges o txonomes, d tha consderaon oaosh, en d pupose remned cena o he dscssons Ts wasbased on he bele ha the most eesg wo n docs oten ses whengee s nscended and bodes re bled Or two difeent sgpos elaon o the nyss o dos ceaed a song dymic fo dscsson, ogh wch we ceaed ou scte o he s wo symosa ecomon gond ta we ep eg to was o bee that he nalyss of

idocs should be seen as n open d nterscpiny pocess wtn a edof endeavor ha s necessaily ud, dynac d n consa fu.

Based on or scussions aond modes o nteaction, aosip ndagency wn dos, we decded a the nels nd keynoe spees wodbe oganzed aound o main themes. hese wee pcpaon and ocoaboaon; cossplao d smea podcton ocave, evasive d ge ogics; none saegies d daabasediven docentes I adon to ths, we convened o addiona subpes aodconcep aoaches o idocs d he eaonsp beween rcves andmemoy n the creaon o idocs I trms o esabsng he ed nd rsng awreness of he cent state o pay wih docs, we fel hat ts wasa good reecon of te state o pay d at i wod stimae scussonrod a wde ge o wo and sses scssion rod txonoies wasncluded n heC o Papers wi te delibeae enon to tes Gade s

tetie docentry

4. Where Aston hasbee evelogeacig adresearc rogrames iteactiveocuentary sice themd-1990s.

129



h on] ana Gauez

s. .athou/

6 pmtuioo.u

7. httJ.r.o/rojt/

1

i trfa-narrativxoraon#

poposd modes. n mrgnt ld such as ha of tactv documnay smd ppropiat to nvolv th arly adptrs of t gr both

praconrs ad acadics) n mappg h ld n th sm way tha usrsng s nded racv dsgn, it was fl at pr approval wasssnta o accuray map such a papaoy ld

From th rag o proposals that wr submttd, t soon bcam ha h thms hat w had st or th symposm d ndd rc a shadundrstng o mgnt grs and dbats Gvn tha th st of hshms rlad o docmnty ntnt, whras h othr ms wr morfocusd on sucural appoachs to -docs, w bgan t day wth h pt

paon and o-colaboraon panl. smposm was a on-day vnt, hlda Washd Ma Cn5 n cna Bstol, wt a folow-up dscussonn th Prvasv Ma Sd on t n day, aroud whr o tak t nx. vnt was vy wl andd and had a song ntaona avou, thmany o h dlgas commng on how t had ord a condnsd dclly dnd snapshot of n ctg nw ld of practc d stdy

KEY SSES AND DEBAES RASED BY HE SYMPOSM

What foows s or tpraon of th ky thms that mrgd om ats symposm foowd by a scusson o how ths ms d o thplng or th scond sposum. ky tms at a scuss d atto h thcs and natr of ppaon, wht ncouragg patcpaon

was an naly good tg, dscsson arod nsmda sotllng andmpafom producon, qusons od mprav to cago ad ld o stdy, nd susson on th plac for autoal comuncaonn -docs whr th nr-act bcoms a acv agn n th consctono docmntay 'ralty' Ths hms r sssd blow wth pculr rfrnc to our on vws on -dos and to th ssus rasd by th fouryo spakr, whom w slctd to rct h rg of dbats at wwand to smua .

As CEO d Itractv Produ c or Upan, Aanr' s Bach's prsnaon ocusd on two of s compans sa wb-basd projcts Sdet (008) anPsonVay (010.Bo o ths projcts combn auordnaav wh a d and nv ntrfac o at a mangfl nd ngagng xpnc for th usr s rpsns a ra sp on om mny of tprobms a h sop s natr of h pont d clck syl n facs oa hptbasd works. As pt of hs prsnaon, Brach was kn

to pont out tat good tracon dsgn s tgal to th succssf dvryof contnt and o craon of mng In s sns, ng a comonanguag to coct computr proams th dss and producrsrmans on o h ky chlngs for -docs producon dsg s p ofh connt, tn auhosp o an -oc dos nd to nclud th dsgns as pat o t doa procss

Sdet was o prcar trst o Aston, vn hr work aund t hdvlopmnt o d ntacs o naav ploraon, dvopd thouhr ongong coaboaton th Oord anropoogs, Wndy Js(As ton 00) Wa mas z Sdet so succss for hr s tha t ngoatsa happy mum btwn tmpora naav and spata jutaposon, wthh fud nrfac plang mporant ol n convg mnng troughs ordng nd rsntaon of do sgmns s s achvd by usng asp scrn tqu, by whch th usr can compa and contas a ss o

cps om acss th Isra/Palsn id rcordd ovr a s podof tm. w s ofrd vaous ways to ngag h hs rcodgs,through a mn, though a map or through a thmac approach spsnts a sgct dvlopmnt on om Mochs work on spaa

monag 001), that t movs byond hs nrst andom jutaposonto cra a mor authord d cohsv approach, out o whch docmntaymang c b gn ratd.

adon o ts, both procts o a mtd dgr of usr prpaon,h z Sdet ncouragng scusson of ssus rasd through a tatdform andPrison V gog a sp rt by tng uss to snd mssgso h subcs of thus brakng t convona bordr btwn mmakrs obsvs and subjct obsvd Gvn tha Prison V s a morcn producon h Sdet, Braht was askd s wok s gaduay mong owds faltang a grat dg of prpaon n -docs. Hsrspons was tha ah o hs -docs procs hs ts on tgry nd hatprtcpaon aod n -doc can b just as vad as patpaon an

doc s bcm an mport hm, whch r-surfacd on sval occasons ovr cours of day d s on wc s cnal to or on ongong scussons aroud dfrnt mods o nacy wh -docs

As Mulpatform Cossonr for th BBC, N Cohn focusd ons sts no ansma stoytng gand om s work a th BBCas muplatfom comssonr o facual d rt pogmms Wongs way hough a nmbr o rcnt pojcts, h dsbd hs nnons omov audncs away om obsn g wod throu th owng yso h pogmakr towds a logc of ganng ndrsang though

mor actv foms of nvolvmnt d patcpaon or a song trnsma concpt ndd to b platfom nural, wth such pojcts bnnggaty om a sn rav lad across th rn paorms Encoaggpop o ppat was sl a major chalng fo nsons suc as hBBC who nd to crat song movatona vrs, such as tappng nopopls ' moons, org thm som form of prsonal n, h opporuy for sl-psson and cogon or appalng to h gratr good.H frd to th 90-9 ppl, as ctd by acob Nlson (006) whcsuggsts ha thr s a ptpaon nqulty on It w oy 1%of pop crang contn, 9% dng or mog that contnt, and 90%vwg contn wout acvly conbung

Cohn's trnon was mpor n showng how much boadcastrsar vry much aw of changs consmpon patts o h yogr

auncs t s not at th bo gal watch lss lson h tholdr gnaon, s jus that y wat h favo progmms ondmand and on thr computr ahr tan on a son st. ordr o kpthr aunc nd n, broadcass ar casgly cossong muplaom prjcts, wch a vson programm has an n acv countp s s mang bradcastrs on o th maor asma poducrsof h mak Ths vw of nsmda producon conastd wth an lrcommnt mad by Bat, who sta at s procts wr crad rs ndormost for th wb h st many o m std across a rg of drn platos, for Bach a good w-doc wold always b concvd fsand formos for that mm s rasd a mpotant pont about ansma producton, as to whthr on plaor woul d always v th ots owhth a gnuny qua raonsp coud b sabshd n rs of contnt bg convyd aoss th rnt patfoms

ati o ar

11



jdi d Gdez

3

Trnsmeda storytelg d chngng habs of uence enggemenis nked to he wde ssue of convergence and chngng me ieraces.As dig ecooges e evog we e wnessg he developmenof wdesped assmpon ta consumes of meda conent re duy becog more cve pcps he crea on d in teeon ofconen However, or vew t s ssumpon s not foregone concluson nd auho coucaon s no necessy beng eplaced y aogc of shred parcpion We beleve ta is moe o ensge ceve enson beween tese two impeves wit ech -do tkng npproch o auhosip d pcpaion which s apprope o s ms denons addion to is auoshp shoud be seen s someng tcn es on ever evels om he more aon pproch of he autors suject exer rough he uho kng on more cao pproch, tote uhorshi beg genuiney dsbued rough a use geneed process

As ofounder of B st eo Mat t Adm's deiberately posioned Bseoy s "ut a nch of rsts' is was n keeng wh or oseon

ha my of the woks a coud pu no the -dos baske e not ced ssuch by e cetors s my e prty becuse te e s no we esbished enough but t s so nked o he fc t he creatos oen comeom ote wlds an he documenty one (s riss gme desgers, newmei produces d so forh) For such new mea auos e use of vdeo,d of aion nve strcre migh no be essen a o meiae rey wha is sked of docuent s o presen n uho poi ofvew en te lk wh longer adiion of document makig s leroweve, g d pcpo mea re so ordig new gos oneof wich is to poson he auience " he pace o chacer nd herefore ng meing i a what woud I do ogc rater than 's s whhas happened' I tis new ogic pesve gme experience (such as RideSpk, o a locave proec (such as Wrik ad Eam mplia s noeven amg o repesen eiy ecuse i is creang e-me lved expeences tht rg he prcpnt i a poson of spaia nd peron dscoverys nks back o a core theme wi ths rcle ta -docs oe new wysno ony to reesen rey u so o consc it

a word whee t desood t reiy d ecepon e sujecvees, vd aprah o i-do s o focs more on ou eicl choices n onluso oecve fcts A Adms expined Bls eoy's wok pays wt hebred sncon beween e re, e con d he ma s ms h nce unvers 'uh' does no est, s o oson reon o e

t h mte Bas eoy's work eegty leads uses/prcips to hosemomens of hoce ha eecvey sy more about themselves n ouhe word rond us As such he re of eron nd play eecve oos foreang loge ound ec quesons a key rea for he developmet

Bs eo's work iusraes h prcips can engage n an cveexeence, wch s emboded d wih evoves trough dnmc ercve process e dea ht enaced pecepon s opposed o n iepretono a preuord vro o e be he cenre o he documentyexperience is one of the aspecs wch s new nd excing bou -dos dwch s eucdted uon n Gaudenz' s wrng rod t e laial oech adps to s enviroen d rnsfors tse wie chgng s envoen oo (Gauden 201) s sense, pervasve d mesve gesshoud no be seen s beng supei foms of enernmen u raher soffeng new ways o poson ourseves wi noncon soes

Foan hofers despion of s cut exeence eding s rsler n Plae Galaa 21) for Ae eevsion rsed ssues reg tohe fodnces of boh he ier d non-ne form As e nveno ofKorskow (n uthong ool fo intercve deo), he led h te (e ner Pla Gala a made h le e used huour d provocon oexl how he Artsoe nrve fo w ts need of a egnnin comicon a mdde d resoluon he end "forced' him o constrct sto tha ws no tng wh his e e expeience Conrry o the rgment h mos documen mkes hve bou te use of ineraciy indocmentes ha he ck of autoril voice maely leds o a mitde of menngess stoes lhofer rged ha nterc cn se upscenarios wls t he sme e eeg he auor om forng a o ofvew ono his uience

1-docs cernly do fford new ways to presen mlple pons of vewwheer om e perspective of a sge uho voce or om he especve of comuny of authors workng colaovey roud coon

theme nd tey c e used o present contested pos of view, lowig uses to come o ter own conclusons Ason tkes the posion n herown work ht, whst s s sl acievble wn docen ms i-docsc offe more scope fo in-deh engagement wh a se of comex deasough the esenton of mupe en ots nd sutneous sorylnesis is e she hs been conceed wh fo a numer of yes, givenhe ongoig engagemen wh ehnogrpc cives d myered nrrave (Ason 208) For her, authora inen rems cen to ese dees,

wih some -dos adopng iner d didcc ppoach to he r sotelgnd some docmen s doing evetg tey cn o cree more openended d non -ier fors of soytelig

Aide om e ssues red by he four ke ynoe pesenaions, a seesof oher mpon conuons wee mde by he pane resentes of heday Ahough i woud be possbe o ve jusce o he richness of hedebae, here e a few poins nd conbuons h re releva o the ongong debates mong he docs communiy tt were esablished rough he21 symposu:

A xonomy of i-docs s vey much needed as s he oy way o avoidconfson when spekig of emegent genres w he i-docs fyPete Dukes (Wesnste Universty) Snr Guden (Goldsmihs)nd au Gieu (nversat de V) hve eren proposiions nd e

connung he cadec debte on ts suec he arry of prcpaoy poecs pesented t i-Docs eorced he fee

ing a bot smei nd colaboraive document re vey curenttemes obhn O' (Torono) gave a concise oveew of the keyssues wii he presenaion nd Kerc ey (Wsngon) rsedimpo quesons aout the ec consequences of user colboron n docenes e poi ws made ht i s necess o considerowho s hed responsbe o he content o a coabortve doc d tolso cl wha prcpton rey mes d wht re s lms in emsof he docmeny gene

opposon to hs curen end, he quesion was sked y Rod oover(Pennyvn) s o whethe ere s pace fo ong-fom scholrly texs -docs, i wich users re vted to ener o a pre-uhoed worldwhic comes spai exloraon wih nrrive orgnsaon o deve

eiv dcme

33



jd on I nd Gzi

1

a sustained gment thogh non-e mens? so, is it legiate forhese exts have a sige autho voce o should hey ways presentte deas though a mude o voces?

Gven ha -ocs need to create meig quesons wee asked odhe roe o ue esg the design d developmen of idocs, nd awhat sage i he development process s ser tesg most approprae Isuser tesng moe appropate o some pes o i-doc an ohers d howmpor s t o ceae pleasable d engagng erfaces Tese quesons led to a somewha heated debae aroud the prpose o -docand whehe or no rsic expesson is a vad fom of enq wthnhe gee Rod Coove (Peysylva) presened the view of he ndvidu arst, hereas Mat Ads saw his role as an ars as beig veymc pt o a colaboave and terave pocess volng feedbak ompcps.

User generaed conten has emerged as patculy powerf when paiedwth socal nd actvs causes By sormg watches io uses, d

hen uses no does, the combiaon of a shed case d soca medas vey effecve. Cold tis m e tat i-docs migh become a new fo ofacvsm, where iormaon ad acon c nay meet? Sharon Dael(Santa provided a movig exmpe o ts, descrbing herse as acontext poder who works comunes, coecg the stoes,socng thei opions, ad bldng oie arhives o make ths dataavilable acoss sol, cua ad economic bodes

CONCEPTAL APPROACH TO THE SCOND DOCS SYMPOSM

The ees geneated by h e rst sypos, and the scssion that ensuedom i suggesed tha -dos are oisng d hee to stay even heymt be gven o her names such as web-dos, colab-docs, ns-mea dos,cross-meda dos database dos d hypertext dos As he convenos of he-Docs smposia, it was no onge necessy for us to proclam ha teacvedocenty ess as a gere, sce his s now a gven nsead, the ongoigm bece to povde a space where new tends can be epoed, concesc be debated d crtcl qesons cn be shared was wih s ew nmd at o min quesons were esabshed as sarg poits or debaeat -Docs 202 hese were qesons at cae irectly om he ssues tatemergd a i-Doc 1 ad om o o kowledge o the sector We wereso keen o make sure that he mde o auong ad conent manage

ment oos have emeged in the ast wo years (Kl, Popco, W3Doc, Zeegato sae a few), were epresented at -Docs 201 Our im was to esabsh aset of ongoig convesaons between he athors of hese toos d th thepraconers at re usng e varous ools o make i-docs

The four cen questons or -Dos 012 wee:

ser patcpaon -docs how cn he act o prcpang ge themea -d ad wha s the ro e o athop hs process

2 Layered expeence, agented rei games d pevasve meda: arelocave i-dos chgng our noon o physcal experence ad space

3 Acvsm and etics how cn -docs be sed to deveop new straeges foracvsm?

4 Open soce ad e semc web how re taggg ideo, HL de semc web opeg up new oues for -docs?

e second smposum, held Mach 2012, adoped a fld form to respondto hese qesons, wh a mixte of pes, workshops, labs nd feed-backsessons povdg he ght seng to generate i deph d crica debateTo facitae ese debates, the sposum was set up both o ook owrsat emergg possibilites d o ook backwards at ongong conces wtnthe wder eld of docmen endeavour Cen to s approach was orbeief n he vue of establshng a rena fo construcve debate based onthe pple of gronded esech Ths esearch s pracce-led ad predicated on the estabisment of a comiy, trough wch core heoetcalconces and heir conecon to a longer soy of documenty mkng cbegn o be dened wthn an interdiscpy conex Wlst t s beyonde scope of is rcle to dscuss the otcomes of ths second sposm,space was speccay proded fo reecon on the place of i-docs witin ader conn of documenay makg8

CONCSON

It is mpoan to s tha the commity tha has sprng p around he-Docs syposa remas open o new technologes d ideas, whls atthe same tme ecogzig song aeas of conty h the wder raiton of documentay makg Our vew s that teactve mea ceaes adynamc relaonshp between aos, ses, echnolo d enronmenthat lows fo ity, emergence and o-emergence o eaty One o thehgs tha we nd o be new ad excig new abou docs s the relaionsof ntedependence tha they creae beween e ser d e ely thatthey porray Feed-back oops hat ae not possbe n lnear naraiveca gve he opportunty both to picpants and to e efact to redefne themselves d o change Where ts s he case, i s toughenacted engagement h te efact tha he ei beg potayedcomes io beg At he same ie, t is lso mpotn to consider wheehe auhorsip les in n i-doc and o ecoge the ac hat some -docs edeveloped ough a more colaborave pocess tan oes Wilst conemporay debae od i-docs does seem o be focused on use generaedcontent and parcpatory processes, we wat o posion hese approaesalongside equvalent dscsson of he role of expet kowledge d moeartstic fos of expesson withn i-docs

-dos hat folow a hpertext, a pacpatve, expeenal or a conversaonal logc w vy in terms of their look ad fee but lso tes of

he politcal mpac hereas hpere i-dos oer new ways o access dengage h a pre-auhored set o deas ad argumens, coaboave -docscan ndamenly queson he oe we w o have socey to gve us acvechoces hat ca re-dee who we want to be. ocave -dos, on te otehad, c add layers o the el percepon of eay by ransfong the userto embodied enaco, whle convesaonl i-docs can be good at placghe patcpant i ont of hpohec ecal choces hese ae just someo he sncons tha we ca aready see e brgeong fmy of -docsd hat the i-Docs symposa have been able to gight No dob, mymoe oms emerge i e comig yeas to chalenge o vews of parcpaton by creag new opportuies o negoae nd o-creae rey. nese mes of constn , it is hoped tha -Docs remn the place odebae, ponder and atcipate where the tdes ae bng s d how onagate the waves

neacive dnry

8. h rogr ndr dils fo o-ocs 2o n Do2 foud o ido whulog w n volvng of log ss nrlion o h ogoigdlomn of hgnr idcsorg/

15

I



jdih Ason Sada Gaudnz

136

REFERENCS

Arseth, Espen ). (1994, 'Nonneaity and litery theo', in Landow,George (ed., Herheo, Btmore: John Hos Uversity Pess,. 5186

Ads, Mat (2007, Rider Spoke, locatve roject, Brghton Blast eoryAdms, Matt (2009, rike and amon Complian, locave ojec, Bghton

Blast TheoyAe Mlmea b (1989, Moss Lan interacve docmenty, Sn

Fncsco Ae Comuting.rths-Berd, Yn (2009, 6Billion Ohe, cross-atfom nteactive doc

menry, Pais e Good lne ondaon h//wblonoters.org Date o access ebury 2012

Aston, . (2003 'neacve mimea n nvesgaon ino t's oenl orcommang deas d rgments', nblished hD hess London:Roy Colege o Ar

(2008, oces om te Ble Nile Usng igl meda o create a multi

layered assoatve naave',Joual of Media Praci, 9 1, . 4351. (2010 'Sata montage d mmeda ethograhy sng com

ters o se asecs o graon nd social ison among a slaced commty, Forum Qualiaive Soziaorschung!orum Qualiaive SocialResearch, 11: 2, A. 3

Boendor, mel (2009, Jouey o he End of Coal, one docmeny,Pas okytok Flms h://w.hono/webdocs/joey/.Accessed Arl 2012

Bachet, Alexare (2008, Ga Sdero Le in Spie of vehing one docmentay, Pars: rte d Uin, ht//ga-sdero.artev/ AccessedJnuy 212

Brnd, Stewt (1988, The Media b, London PengBzi, Stel (2000, Ne Documena: A Cical Inoduction, London

Rotledgeouette, elene (20092010, GDP Measuing he Human Side of he

Canadn Economic Cisis, online docmenty, Montre NFB, htt://gd.ca/home Accessed Mrch 2012

Cek, Katerna (2009ongon, Highrise, oline docment, MonrealNht//se.bc/. Accessed Ar 2012.

(2010, Ou my Wind, one docmena, Montre NFB, ht//mteracveb.ca/#/oywdow. Accessed Aril2012.

Cro, Ovier (2010, 'Qu'es-ce qe le webdomentre ?', htp//webdoc/webdocumentae/201103/07/%E2%80%99est-ce-qe-le-webdocmentre/ Accessed Mch 2012.

Davenort, G nd Mrtagh, M. (1995, 'ConTet owrds the evolvngdocment', ACM Multimedia 95- Electronic Proceeding, Sn rancsco,C59 ovember

De Soa e Sva, Adra (200, 'om yber o hybrd Mobe technoogesas teraces of hybd saces', Spa and Culture, 9: 3, . 2173.

Dovey, ) d Rose, M. (forthcoming 2013, 'is great maing o orselvesnew docmentay oms onlne', Bra Wnston (ed., The B Companiono Documena London BF.

Desne, Daid ad Brat, Phle (2010, Pison Valley, ole documenty, s Arte T, htt://sonvaleyrte.v?lngen. Accessedeby 012

bebach, E Goln, D nd Wegner, P (204, 'Tngs deas and modelso comtaon', escher, Chrso ad ostadter, Dn (eds, A/anTuring e and Lega of a Grea Thinker, Snge-Verlag Berlin ndHedelberg 15994

Gloway, D, Mcie, K. B ad s, (2007, 'From Mchae Mooreto K reloaded Towrds a woking mode of ineracve docmentry',Joual of Media Pcti, 8 3, . 32539.

Gaudeni, Sanra, 'teractve Docmeny towards aesthec of theme', nubshed h.D. thess, London Unversty o London,Cene or Cltua Sues (CCS of Goldsmhs, Drt chaters, htt//www.neactvedocmentynet/abot/me/. Accessed Mrch 2012

(2011, 'he -doc as a relaon obect', htt/-docs.org/2011/09/08/the--doc-as-aelaonl-objec/. Accessed ebuy 2012

(orthcomg 2012, 'Inteacve docmeny, Johns Hkins Guide oDiial Media and Teualiy, eds o merson, Benjamn Robetson, ndMrie-Laure Rya. Bmore: he os Hokns versy Press

Gaylo, Brett (20042009, RiP A Remix neso,f

and colaboatve documentary, Montrel Eye Steel lm ad NB, h://remcom/home/Accessed Aril2012

Gbson, Mchael d McKenna, Kaie, (2011, Inside The Haii Eahquake,onle documenty, oronto:P Prodcos, ht//winsdesastecom/exeence/Mn.h. Accessed A 2012.

Ge, A. (2011, The inteacve docmenty Deon roosl d bascfeatues of te emergng genre', i Matt eo Casteladi, Cisna Mrndade Ameda, Cos A. Scoa (ed, McLuhan Gala Conference Pedings,Bacelona Colecon Sehen, Eorl Universdad Obera de Catlnya,. 354

Hmen, Aure (2010 Porais d'un 1ouveau mondePorrais of a Ne World,sees of 24 o ine docmentaies, rs : rnce 5 Televson, htt://wnce5/orits-d-n-noveaumonde/. Accessed A 2012

rs, Dad Eva (2009ongo, Global Lives, ross-meia docmeny,S Fracsco Gobl Lives roec, htt//globlves.org/en/. AccessedMrch 2012

Hgh!, eremy, Kowlon, )ef nd Selman, Naom (2001, 34 Norh 18Wes, locatve roject, 34 Norh 118 Wes, Los Angeles nd Sn Degoindeendent arsts.

dson, Dale (2008, 'Unsclosed recens: Daabase docmenres adte nee, Studies in Documena Film, 2: 1, . 79-98.

e, Non (2003, Bleeding Through he ayers of Los Anges, DVD, Losngeles Anenberg Center fo Commuicaton USC.mbe, Oiier nd Sava, homas (2010, Brves de Trooirs, oe doc

meny, s: Deeling nd Fnce 3 htt://ase-de-anceance3./brevesdeottoirs//tro. Accessed Arl 2012.

Limn, Anrew (1978, sen Moe Ma, hypemeda system, CambrdgeMassachusetts M.

ser, M, Dovey, J., Gdings, S, Grnt, I. nd Kely, K (2003, New Media: ACriil Introducion, London d New York Rotledge

Maovich, ev (2001, The nuage of.N Media, Cambridge Mress.Mrker, Chs (1997, Immemo, Pis Cente Georges omdou,

(CD-ROMMcmon, Kevi, (2009, Waerle, web docmenty, Monea NFB, htt://

watee.ca/. Accessed Al 2012

Inractive dmeay

137



judt h Asn I Sandra Gadezi

138

Meha, Jgr nd Elaya, asn (20), #18 Days in Eypt, cross-platfodocumetay, Sod: Kgt Felowsp, p://w.18daysnegptco. Accessed Ap 202.

Nielso, aco (2006), 'Partcpao equli: ncoang moe users oconibte, lertox, 9 Octoer, tp://wsecom/alertox/ptcpao_euy Accessed May 202

Oee, Heppermn, Saps nd Bs (2009ngo, Maing MainSreet, one coaorave documety, wese produced n NewYork w Loca Projects, ttp://ww.mappgmistreeorg/. AccessedAp 2012

Pea, Noy de a d We, Peggy (2007), Gone Gimo, a Second Ledocment nslao, os Angees; USC Aeerg Scool fo Comcaod Jousm,

Roce, ate nd Vennco, Ncolas (200), NeYork Minute, we documenay, Ps: e. ttp//nue.te.t/e/. Accessed Ap 202

Smos, cae nd Soerdge (20), Wecome to Pne on we doc

meay, MoteaNB, tp://pnepon.n.ca/#/piepon. AccessedAprl 202.ofer, Flo (200, Footen la, one d DVD nteracve docu

metay, ern, Korsaow ondaon. ttp://wforgotenagscomAccessed nua 202.

(20), Planet Ga/ata, oe documety, Berl, Korsaow odao,tp//petgaa.com/. Accessed y 202.

Wdynsk, Coloe Casey (2002), Ameris Am, one vdeo gme, USy, tp:/ /wamecasrmy.com Accessed Apr 202

SUGGSED CIATION

Asto, d Gaudezi, S (202), Iteractve documeny: setg te eld,Studies in Documenta Fim, 6: 2, pp. 2539, do: 0386/sdf.6225_.

CONRIBTOR DEAILS

udt Aston s a seor lece at e Uivesty of te West of ngnd,specizg n mupaorm docmey and gtay expnded mmg Se as a acgoud Vsa nropoogy nd Comper-elaedesg, og n MA om e iversty of Cmdge nd a P.D. ome Roy Coege of t n ondo. Se was a ponee n te emergent eractve meda dus of e d980s, workng o a rge of eay projectswit e kes of Appe Compng he C Iteacve Teesion U ndVrn Puisng I er capact as oconvenor of te -Dos sposa, seis ptcly erested n pacng deates round atorsp, agency dew approaces o soyteg a te cee of te ongong scussos

'

Contac: Uversy of te West of nnd, owe Aso Cmps, aageRoad, Bistol, BS3 4Q.m: [email protected]

Sda Gadez sed er creer as a teevson poducer nd as eeneacg eracve meia teoy at e odon Coege of Commucaovesy of e rts ondon) sce 1999 er eserc teests icdenteractve documenty, teacve aratve, moe vdeo, ocatve meiad augmeted reaty. Sda s so oconveer of Dos a coerence

toty decaed o nteactve docenes, ed n Bsto n 201 nd202 Se s cety sg e P.D. 'e g documenty: omrepesetng rey o oeatng e n gt teracve docmet' a Godsmits (ves of Lodon)

Cotac: Base Mews, ondon NW6 3RU.m [email protected]

ud Asto d Sandra Gauden ave asserted te g de teCopg, Desgns ad aens Ac, 988, o e deted as te auors ofts wok te fomat at was sued o Iteec td

teraive documntary

139



A c IN Online IN 754-X isses pe ye Vle 03

Ams d ScWh dfis Afic ci m? Is h Afic id iy d if s hw isi sd i film>}C xls hs qss whil xmiig hicis isl d bl s i Afic film l xls hwidy d ci siid wihi dis Afic flm lggs

d hw Afic d is ls sd sc

ll f PsTh dis s kg cls ws d cm i lyss Aficcim hgh is hisc d cmy lgcis Th jlwishs cc :

he film f he eeyday ad he 'eey-Afalis films d hi lggShifig sis f hii discss fmkwldg migh gi f h bl clbsd fim

Editr

Keyn G mselliUnivesity K aLilu-1e@z

Min Mh ndM Uniesiy

nele s n inepenen cei plishe s n nls iew e r e iles iswwwinellesm mil: jnls@inellecsm nellec he Mill, Pnll R Fishpns Bisl, UK

D (2) p 4-57 It Lmtd 02

Sud Docmny Fm

Vum 6 Numbr 2

lneec L cle ngl is ngge i: 386/sf64

SOBHAN O'FNNUivrsiy o oroto

Documentary's metamorphic

form: Webdoc interactive

transmedia1 participatory

and beyond

ABSTRACT

Th artce mne t he eoton ofnteractve cro-paon and tranmedadocmentare wthn the contxt of the earer mode ofdatabae narratve andthe mpact ofWeb 20 technooe. pecc docmenta project trate h thenteractty orted by onne pao ha nenced the aethetc ofform andatered conentona mode ofprodcton and dtrbton

A vsit o he Ineaiona Documenay Film estv Amstedm (DA)DocLa weste in Decemer 01 attests to e virancy and vaationof form fond ineacive docmenes (docs) prodced te pastdecade Wha is also cear in srveyng e featured works is at tere is nosnge emplate fo prodcton in ems o eter te desig of te interacesand teractvity or he desig of ml-patform sbted documenes.Alough ts latter fom s now more oten desigated trasmeda, folowing te Prodces Gd of meca's ceaon of te Tnsmedia ProdcerCret n Ap 0, it s impora o recogize tat te tem denotes adesgn srategy o isng nrraive conen across paoms rather than

KEYWORDS

smedaweb documentinteracve

docmentcowdsougWeb 2.0dataase nraves

4



Sibhn O'FJy

142

a stnct nd singulr model of poduion. mportanty, in te ontext ofAmecn m and eevsion, his evolg poducon model is so bengven by ommeril cones a s evden in onempoy praeis ha expementaon wh new models of poduton, prtary ossplafom desig, soi meia usage and new ehnoogies ae ivng aderee of acceleated novaon in he form of -dos tha s remakableWith he easing popry of Web 20 plafoms, doumentay maesare easingy invg onen reaed by fans (owdsoin and ng to auences as ommiies that cn pcipate n fndng docmena pojets (rowdundin e udty of is space of praie in theadopon f new plafos, seens nd tecnologies s reonzed in hedespon on te IDFA se, wc exends te em of diital stoyegno oer' o be isoveed realms: Togou he yea, DA DoLabsowases ineave webdos nd oher new foms of ig soelinghat expnd e doumentary gene beyond ne mmaking (D A 2007) is his noon of beyond inea mmng tha mrs e poosness of

s emergent nd nging eld of prae nd wc pesens a hllenge ceang a sable axonomy of foms

Sanda Gaudenzis doto thess maps urent vans as hypeex, onversaonal, pripatve nd expeiena whe foregrong ediitl inteaive doumenty o i-do as a relaonl object tha reqieshe ageny ad eavy of he aene Gaudenzi 2009 3) Hee, seextends B Nicols pasg of doumeny pons of vew tat oganze tothe m-make he tex and e vewer Nios 1991 12) nd hs taxonomy of modes of epesentaion (poec, exposioy, observaion, pricipatoy, reeve d pefomave) Nhols 200) to undestand te log the s to e viewes expeiene in ineraive design ems of fom,i-dos c en be nalysed in ers of ow tey me mening va hevewe/use/paipants engagement w he speic proe Gaudenzi2009) Tis fos of nlysis cn en be hoght of in erms of e designof eay and use expeiene, wi is are w addess As su,i-dos be contasted wih webbased domenies webdos) at sethe Web as a broadas platfom fo aditona ner documentaies, andwih may o may not have inteave paextal omponens I 202,wo amrk examples of webdos a ombe aditional docmentayfom wih coss-pafom paraexal and papaoy omponens reCaines Arade (Mlick 2012) and Kony 202 (Invsble Childen 202)Bo of hese doumenties wee lanched oine and acheved global

vral sess usng soc meia ampains nd coss-plaform exensons,leveagg e my-o-many M2M) shing apaiy of soal pafomsto reae glob neworked omniies rond aonal docmenaiesIn onas, i-do s e often designed as daabases of onten agments,ofen on e web, toug not w



Sob 'ynn

144

FRS LNE OF ENQRY: EVOTON OF NERACTVE TOTRANSMEDA DOCMENTARES

he cotext of the st e o database aaves, a key dsco o Poy wos is ha i-docs e desied to be coheet d cocep-= . . ty ied expereces is is cheved by segc y ogmg

dyc coet wit a clear eac o Olecl ehat !des

e eig o d egagee wt te expenece Aleavely, 1-docsc be ogzed as ageed aves ocused o dvdua hougore o o a coy o coues Tese ag devces are oeespose o a esio claed by Lev Moch is saee that 'daabase d rave are aua eees', a poslate ta ccal egeeth he potel o daabase aatves has wesld th ove he pastdecade (Movch 999) Movch's ow 2005 daabase cea projec, SCnema: Nagang the Database, lusates he ac of aect a eslts ohe absece of sog ave or patexual es So Cinema wasdesged as a (re)cobaory wo for DVD or scree that xes audo dvdeo cs algoryic sequece hat esres o sge ieg is everhe se Ye, e exerece lacs egf copety adeg o asctr ode ulated here: 'As a cll fo, daabase represets ewold as a ls of ies d i efses o ode s s. I coas, a aveceaes a cause-d-eec aecoy of seeigy odeed ies (eves)'(Mov 999) Wha is los hs cocepo is the copley of araivescue ha layer eg tough paes, xaposios, associaosad evesls a c teeap eag ou e poecs o the text

eedes c so be oud sues s, he copley opoe d adol docey BiNichos cludes the poec ode hs Iouco to Doetay as a ado o s ele xooy oo caeoes (Nicos 199; Ncos 2001) Maovc's educost ewo ave as a siplscly e sucture ve by cause d eec, eaco based, whch he teracve wo he bes' ode o 'chooseyo o advere', s so evde Coy Hadl Mler's stateehat 'Te ewes ca be ve he oppoty o choosg what ael osee d wa oder ey gh lso get o choose og sevel auotracs' (Me 345; see aso Aset 199). Whe teracvty is ecoceivedas egageet wth a dac terface a is plal, exporatoy do base o expecaos of ut, o eaoshp to he wor fdely cges d we becoe teracas 'F 201) the ees o

recozgow racl he qualy o a sf to exeel desg o teauece is ieacve e, I will use wo sc tes, 'user' dterac' oder to acowledge the ui d cosue oetaoo he te, 'use', d iggh coas te agecy ad pcipato othe 'tec playg wh dyc ierfaces ha the shape d aete expeece o a give wo 1

A evew o cc g o eacve cea ad daabase aaves o e past decade eveas key beas bewee pa d pee paccedve by specc ecoloca ovaos Je May i Hamet on theHodeck eed he or esse propees o dgt eda as pcedal(ule-basd) prcipaoy teactve tat hey re esposive o put)spaal ieacve wors of ecessy ae desged o ecorage exploatoou a syste o ewored d/o ed cote d/or ough hpetex or graphc evroets); d eyclopaedc eraciy ecessitates

ota's eophi fo

expoey ceasig daabase o eave possibe coet depeg oe degree o choice) (Mray998 7-83) Sigicly, Muay's cocluigdscussio oos to the oe expressive poea o gil eia captgu expeece d its pote fo peasue, heldg te vey pot quesos: why do we play wih ieacve coet d what geeaespleasre d saisaco i eacve eioes? Msha Kde essMaochn 'esigg a daabase cea' o gue ta arave d database 'e wo copable suces whose cobiao is crucl to he ceave expsio of ew edia, sce l rraives e cosuced by seecgies o databases hat usuly rea dde), d te cobg esees to ceae a pc soy' (Kde 2003 38-349; see lso 'Fl2005) e ecozes he ipoace o paeg d ou cove egagee igital aatves of cooled doess hat tese textaldscapes reque ' a cos egug o or eal caoaphy his suppoig databases, sech eges ad epesetaol coveos'Kder 2003: 353). teacve wors add copey o e be of e

so ecessaed by teacity, as please c be geeaed as a resu oexpeel desig web teraces I cotast o uyoieted ieacesthat co as coe devey syses Netlx), he echcs ofteraciy ca ae exoao, iscovey d peasre he uexpecedad iosac desg

Davd udso's essay 'Uscosed ecipies: Database doceaiesd the Iee es a vluable cobuo o he eld of doceysues adapg Mrsa de's theoy o 'database aves', as 'duprocess of select o d cobato' (udso 2008; Kider 2002 ), as aae for vesgag -doc as a o e ges 'that database docees loose assupos abou docue o xed odes (xposioy,obseraoal, persol) d owrds ope odes colaboratve, releve,teracve)' udso 2008: 2) e cosequece o s sht he dees is'o objec-based "pus" eia cellloid, deo, eve visual dspay o agapicl use eace (GU towds act- based "p" ea (use acs,ypers, lgos)' (udso 2008 2) e aces ough a ube oexples, ts pocess o seleco d egageet egoag a daabasescte ole ca ic he rcv sucure o he Ieet sef (udso2008 ). Rece eacve soytelg paos such as Mozla's opcoL have bee desiged to pl eal-e coet o te Web i reao o esg desiged coet, ting he idea of Iee-based docety o a ogc ex pase Hudso lso ces expes o Iee

docees ha cobe te repeseaoa strateges o coveodocetyh what he tes 'he less covetol ode' of 'dlogug'(udso 2008 ), oresadowg te pacipatoy, co etwoghat is ow chacestc of y 2012012 -docs ad seda docuetes Rathe h preseg docetres as cosed suctes, shybdzao suppos 'ulpe perspecives of pac suaos, epaszig oveets owads collaborave, ope -eded owledge' udso2008 6 Te pact of Web 2.0paos s evde e expectao ow 2012 of parcipaory desi i-docs, g cotet geerao, coaboao d shng thouou 201 d ,2012 Aeo to the use expeecei dvdua projects s ow a ecessay des copoe, i coas o tecoveo ajectoy of docet poducio, ea release adboadcast ecss

5



Sihn O'Fn

>48

SECOND NE OF ENQRY HE MPAC OF WEB TECNOLOGES A ND PRACCES

My secod ne o eqy xteds om s rs phenomenon n ag hodocs have ncreasingly eeraged he phenomeo of Web 20 socl mediaplatforms nd he afordnces of he nteet o use extend docetayprojects across mulple platorms, and to nte audences to pate ascoaboraors Here, i-dos exted a logic of engageme ha adiona documenay makers have often desied or, wch s the capaciy of documentaryto serve as a caayst for pubc ouc ad hopefy social acvism Combiedwth the eworked capacties of Web 20 plafos, e deelopmen om - or cross-patform docuentaries has led to he rapid coescence ofn aay of sateges nder the desiaon o rasmeia docmetay Asthese pracces are ud ad eol any snapshot given here lkely bereposoed as a past moment i the gh o new tenologes nd platformsby the ime of pubication.

Oe soce of mobiiation nd creative novaon stems om erecognon by conten ceators at te Inteet can suppor a immediaediaogue d exchage with and betee a goba audience va Web 20 platfos We webdoc, i-doc d ansmeda creaors establsh clea naravemewors, parcipato, idocs posion content producers and he comuies tey engender as deiberate catalysts for soil acvism. Wile s asbeen a goa o tradional socl chnge documentares wh the foregrondngof rectoil oices ad expose pracces n he works o Ero Moris, MichaelMoore ad Morg loc who cll or reorm i idusty nor govement, he conecty of the e s nprecedented. Where the s of Mors,Moore nd Spurlock attest to Nchos' that 'docmenes lways wereforms of "re-presenaon" of rely . he lmmaer . always a pacipantwess nd actie fabricator of meang' ichos 2005: 8) dgia tecnooges ad socil platfoms pide more mediate ad wdespread oppores or mtiple ieenons, egagemets wh, d re-represenaons ofexeece ough the MM fuconaiy o soci meda plaos. StelaBuzi has deed the docmeta lm-maker as oe who nvades relspace wheren te docentay maests as 'a dieccal cojunction of arel space' (Bruz 2000: 125). In contrast, Web 20 patfoms empower audeces as etwoked comes who can iteene, ciue ad o occasio mobe response to the cals o aco embedded documetar'sre-presetatio of rel-wold cses Key to this change has bee e st om

what c be deed as the oe-way chnel o commuication n aionaldocety where fs ae of ecessy ier n presetaon, where the s a dsee areact ewed n nema or o DVD. In cotrast, Web 20tecologes d patfos support M2M coversaions beteen audiencesd conen creators va mpe platos clung blogs, socl meiaplaorms ad wikis, where s exchge ca be immedate aved detorked oie. Debra Beae's essay, 'Docen express onle"Th Wg wd," a is dma "eleta" au'exaes the process ad challenges of mkg a teet documen forAustria's ABC Ineet Portal in 2002 (eae 2008) A she noes, designg for the Web in 2002 was nchted teory i terms of audience recepon o on-lne database arates Yet, n a cocusion similr to that oMarsa Knder, Beae asserts tha he exeience of 'ordeg the rel' omagmety, pophonic narraies was a fr prooco, esablished by

Dcue met amph fm

directors such as Errol Mos in e i Blue e (Beae 2008 68) Of greatsigicnce is her obseao that 'een wit the hnged ad agmeayrecepo plaorm o the computer screen', audieces retai n mpulse tonravize on-er conent (eate 2008, 69) e docmet maker cndesign 'o engage the empahy of he vewer. t is possibe o preset a welreserched database of veiable documents embedded in ciematic mages,wich susan n a aget manner the essence o e documentry gmen (Beae 68)

Because of the Inteet's conectviy d oba reach, i-dos are ncreasgly processul n hat they ca be desged as ogong projec: g thesubmssion of prcipnt-generated conte GC) Were adtiol documenies were presented the nl edit as a static cosed rtefac, oniedocentaies ca be open in fom nd pracice, extenng across mulple platfos, as expnding nterace, porus ad pacpator databasesWn s d digtl space, the hybaon of fos is now as rapid as theemergence o isnc fos rasmeia docentres tat rey on craonnd colaboraon of PGC ae isnct om those that desgn igly sctredand authored content sysems Most imporany, these dsc foms requreey diferen approaches to nrratve desig. noer hybrid o occsith e bg o fact and co, and ncreasgly trasmeda' is used asthe cach-al prase for a isparate set of straegies xed n ayng degreesA a desg sategy, te concep of nsmeia i 202now cons n wooverappng ough not ways iteated ways Hery Jekns foaied thetem n his anaysis o e e Wacowsis, 1999) as a rasmedaeneramet propery that 'ods aoss mlple meda plafoms, heach new tex mkg a isnce nd auabe cobuo to he whole'ens 2006: 9-96; Wachowsk 999) As enkis noted, nsmeda prperties depended on an wiligess to dscoer dsibuted coet, wichnecessiaed a hgh degee o enggement om a core audience Qekns 2006;see lso Jens 2009)

Sice hen, e rapd upae of soca media nd he clear eidece o feusiasm or connectig creang reg ad sharing conen one hasbeen everaged by sts and e enertaimet nd aderisg ndusesi the promoo o pcipaory soyeg where s as cos evied to o-create conen. is secod model often oelaps h he rstmwha agan is ofte a sliig scle beee auhorshp d cratio Hybrddocmentaries such as Je McGongal's Wod Wu O nd Urge Evo,Lce Wele's Pdemi d Toy Palota's opu have used hyotheca aeworks proecg ner-tre scenaos to ve audences to addressand/or 'sole' crises ad generate aes i the process e catyst crisesfor hese ARGs were, respecely, the global o dus coapse; a obldeeloped world food shortage which Acn elders held e ey forsvvl; a globa is that inobzed adus, leavig cidren to save eday; ad a second pek ol crsis.1

n geica as' post rasmeda or sol docenay' o the TbecaFuture o m webste, one o her xmpes presets aother hybd mergg o fac ad ctio (Das 2011) Jacueine Olve's documetay prect onyg merica, Always Seaso, uses a Sed Le smac envrmet o egage prpants n o a 1930s lncing (Ove 2010). Tis gamcaon of a composng of soicl evets ntes pacipts o respod nte gme space o ended ncig of an Ac Aeica man, wchte gme cals om ts cocusion

49



Sihan 'ynn

Crowdndng has aso become an important facor mea creaonin the Web 2.0 spere, changg he dynamcs of caon and/o collaboan. One shold note, howeve, hat crwdnng is a saegy used ton any ad a entepses om hone cases to enta sge to ansmeda docmentaries What is sigcant n the conext of ow he gitsphee as mpacted i-doc podcon is at mea creators are now reachg out to audences though crowdfndig iiatves, ofen at he beggof the evelopment of a producon rate tha targeng aiences wimarkeg campagns sx wees o less po to reease I wod emphasize,though, that cowning s a busness development moel at is contenagnosc and n iself s in no way deterat of wheer o not a project isanmea Vicent Mosco's wor on the myh of new meia technologes asbng[ng] about evoutiona cnges n sociey ags 'a genuine desie forcommuity and democracy'. (2004: 19). Lina Sivastava's Dx Rome Tal on'Trasmeda ocuentay d social change' deails a number of ansmediadocmentaies at se cross-paom particpatoy sategies ad that

have been scted o prove caaysts for auience acvism (Srvastava20) Her ctea of e necessa chracteriscs of e sccessl transmeiadocmentay neates the tw seams of authored nd pacipatory sateges iscussed ere:

Each poec as at is coe the use o ocal voice, n irect pespth the patorm creator. So they ae ty comcentered pacipaon. Secon, each uses ts plaom to move beyond aweness . o conectpaipans to comt to a particar woldiew, to advocacy o to aconFaly, each prjec uses a number of deren paoms to cross boaesand oders to oste trasfomation (Svastava 20) The ease of upoadingconten to YouTbe, icr ad Faceboo fo spportes of a ven project asaso conbuted o he globl enthsiasm fo parcipaon evdent n manyi -o poecs.

Ts mode of nvtng an audence to conibute conent wi a speccconsan o ame is so ene as one of a nmbe o caegores NoaBarry dees in e essay 'elig stories on screens: A istoy o web cnema'(Ba 2003; B nd) ere, Bay provides a taxonomy of fom and pracce a had emerged with the mpac of diga technologes ad arsts'expementaon wt creatng content for new screens A re to tis notso iat ccal oveiew e qestons posed by Bry i the conclsiono er essay s llatig as the categories she notes connue to anchocent ens i the eveopment of neracve onie conen yet ace hese

ens to pacces before te phenomenon of social meia. In he ypoogy shecreates, we d a range o teracve pacces suppored by web patformsan igal ecologies at stll dee the scope of wha e gouped ete term inteacve wos today e 'pass-along naaves' are defned as 'aaer starts a story and places it one, and other maers or vewesom arod te word ad to B 2003: 546) and agn closely wi whatSa Gadenzi terms 'colab dos'

A 20 post by i-doc prodce Mandy ose enes a siar phenomenon in coaborave ocumenta what se ems the 'Ceave Cowd'model Rose 20) ere, 'mlple pacpnts conibute agments o aigy emplate whole, anlogous to the separate panes witn a qilt'xampes gven ae video as Per Bar's Man with a Movie Camea: heGlbl Remix a Mad V' s he Message ad te isnctve chacterscs ofese wors are 'energy repeon' (Bard 2007 Mad V 2009) Bar's

uentarys ac r

ongoing parcipatoy remae of Dzga Vertov' s 929 m Man with a MvieCamea nites a global auence to subit footage corresponig to he 276shots om the s 57 scenes order to remae the lm shot-or-sote one teraon o he lm canges day epenent on the nmber ofmages or clips of GC as the sie loads eren conten elemens each day an ongong project, te websie changes daiy n response to the ongongsubission of content om a potentaly gobal audence is searcabe andesigned w smple uity orented rater tan expeential nterfaces

awards are a nicato, thee is e agreement that te NFB's mtiplatorm ocmenty project Highise, is one of the most novative asmea documenay proects crrenly ongoig he focs o ts project isthe enqy nto e expeence o ife in high-se towers, which ze andpoducer Gey Flaive ca he wod's verca sbbs s coe conce isored oug mtple plaoms nclung e wo-authored -docs, hehousandth wea Ou M indw,lanched n 200, e icr oup hanvites submssions o photos taen om anyone's hg-ise ndow (Cize

201c), feeig te curate Highise: Ou M indw Parcipate component on the N website (Cize 20b), an HTML interactive vieo atamates one towe's esidents revisiog of their hg-se (Cie 20a)utre extensons w incue a game, possiby as an app, a fre partneed research projects g ansnaonal stes

t shoud be noted hat the NB prouces are in a relavey priviegedposon ters of nig as even th bdget cus the NFB is a govemen suppoted istuon Fo docmentay maes reiant on boadcast,strbuon, ts grats or crowdsorced fndng te chalenges of producon and nancing ae frhe complicated in tat there ae no emplaebusiness moels o evenue generaton for webdocs, i-docs o smedadocmenaies (the same apples to ramatic cross-platfom content) Thelas sigct sf that sho be toched on n tems of wha has changewith he evolon of te -doc is n the compcations to busiess modes, astese new docmentry forms have no reiabe or standard business modelhis apiy evolng a ispve aspect of meia producon is iseparable om te acst orenaon of Web 20 docmentay pracces wheeinone ca arge at the parcipatoy sategies o conempoy -docs andasmea ocmentaries are intenonaly desige to empower auencesas acve members of galvanized and sometimes activist commies Asuch, parcpatoy sratees wod seem o contempoze Brecht's chalengei he theae space to ansom passve aences to acve 'spec-actors'

Harris 2001) Cearly, conent ceators n 202 (ocmenay and ramatc)re scamblng to leverage social meia platfoms to conec wth auiences were they aready are one acs te rate of adopon of Yoube Faceboo as broacast chanels a commuty sites o contempora conent, i is eviden hat coss-plaform istribon a socia meaoueac have been eactive saeges, ntended to emlate he vial sccesso ome-made, non-professional eos t ad at he entis) oay'smea andscape frer compcates the efcacy of wha Bect proposedas the contraictory text desged o chaenge he passivy of consumeoriented audences Belsey 2002 26) 202, the 'ars' and/or sio noonger conol he text or the meia lanscape, wc are more poous, nstabe ad cangig an hat of e tweneh ceny Consier the derenceof today's meia ladscape to what Cahene Belsey obseved n 992 bding on Brech and Bahes' theoizig of the 'tery' text Barthes 970 : 5):



ob OFn

5

'n what I have caled the terogave tex there is no smple ieachy ofvoices such ha the eader is oered pvleged access to the wok's 'th'Istead he reade consucs meg out of e conacoy voces wche text provides' (Belsey 2002 12). Menng oday s o onge povided,cotroed or conveyed soely y he 'authoed' ex as eer Brect o Bahesconceived Istead, texs ae isrped, exed, ceated nd suted byaudeces w bypass erer models of prodcon nd ecepo Meangs aso geneated n the neactions of aiences as netwoked comties,espodng to one conten ad to each other, sitng e cetre of gaiynd cono away om aiol old meia cotent produces

rocly, athough he parcipatoy sategies of contempor i-dos ndansmea docmeres rguaby extend Brecht s chenge to adiences oegage as 'spec-actors', y hopely gvzg coe commuies towrdsacivsm, ose pcpatoy sategies ae so ecessy nderke n tenees of promoon, mrketing dsbuon nd box ofce and merchndsng revenue Bects dsupve srateges ave been icorpoated into

mkeg cmpgns as a mes to egage consmers wi a gve bad,as the auhors of 'Cstome picipaon n reti seice: lessons om Brech'detai (Has 200). To e bt, for e ceators of webdocs, -docs ndnsmeda docmenries, e go of comi-bldg s oen ecedsmuaeousy towrds acism d revenue geneaon, as aional usiess models oen no longer apply Boh goals est as teried, necesscomponens what coniutes to success As such, he deterination aso were powe and agency maey reside, wi he documenty mker,auences o subjects of a give documenty proect remins nstale

COCLSO

I concusion, notons of neaciviy have chnged over e pas decade nresponse to wo key factors. Oe, a s away om a bnarisc 'choose yoown adveure' oienaon owards pot as a ethe/or suce ad arrave casty o n eploaon of expee nerface design ere, i-docsof e last ve yeas have demonsated a ceasig aenon o erfaced use expeience design as dymic suctua elements eessive of aemac coe to e gven rave. wo, the mpac of socal media d these of pcipaoy stategies of engagement have posioed auences ascolaboatos and eaors who cn expect a immeday of response d theopporty f agency. And as the ga spere provdes oppoes fo

wedoc, i-doc and tsmedia documenay m-mkers ha ae unprecedened, te sft om m-mke o tsmea prodce, cuaor ndcolaboator now demands a ebiy d gness to epermet wit hemes of communcaon nd a comtmen to engage comuicationFurher, tadonl models of nancg nd reveue geneaton no ongerappy, nd e oppouy to create new usess modes f ncig adrevenue generaon abond Jon Ress nd She Cnler's How to S Yourlm ou Slng Your Sou provdes a sees o case sdes o iosyncacnsmedia business satees lored to specic doment ad dmacpojects (Reiss 2010) Wii tis costnly evong medascape, i is lsocler hat an ecng ame no nvitaon o coaboae s as powerfl adefecve as a we-told soy Iteraciy cn occr n mlpe ways: n henteacy of a wel-designed nerface, as a cyce of enggemet beteemea creatos and aueces wo cn ecome pcipats generatig

earys arh

conet, o n commies sppong socl age nd poducon ncng At ts jnctre, docmenaon of e diidul works (webdoc, i-do,nsmedia docmenes) and the processes o iteacon and lows of PGCs vitl, as igitl woks ave o asng matera substnce nd there is nogaatee that a we-ased work wl e one for ny egth of me Myhope is hat tis cl reecon on he evoluon of ese rapdly metmopng docmenty forms, though necessrly incomplee, cn conbte toour ndestag of te sorcl context ad fure traectories of the interacve, trnsmedil documeny

REFERENCES

Arseh, Espen (4) 'Noneity nd Lite eo, George dow(ed) Hypro, Balmore: o Hopkns Uiversi ess, pp. 51-6

Br, oa (2003),'Teig Sories on Screens A isto of Web nema,'in Jefey Shaw nd Peter Weibel (eds) Futur nma nmatc

Imana ar Flm, Cmbdge MIT ress, pp 544-Bary, Noa. (nd), 'Dgtal Shanaces,' tp/0.46818/e/rcv_s/20011/E2001_02pdf Accessed 20 May 2012

Bahes, Rond. (170). S/Z (s. Rird Howrd 74) ew York ar,Sauss d Gira

Beaie, Dera. (2008) 'Doumeta expression one 'he Wrong Cowd,'Sus n ocumnta Flm 2(1): pp 6178.

Besey, Cathene (2002), 'Towrs a Producve Criticl Pracce Readers asConsmers,' in Critca racce 2nd eion ew ork: Routledge 2002126144

Bzzi, Stela (2000) N ocumnta A rtcal Introucton, ondonRouedge.

Cpener, ico, d Benamin De ee (2008), 'nroducion BlungPrcipaos and Convegences,' Partcpaton an a Prouctonrtca Rctons on ontnt raton Cmridge: Cmbdge pp 14

Czek, Kat (201) Hgrs Out My nw Instaaon, Naonal Fm Boadof Cnada, IDFA DocLab, mstedm. Novemer 18 200

Czek, Ka (2008), '5 Words re Sey Eough,' N Bog ttp!mmakrnrsncnbog?cat=Accessed 20 August 2011.

Das, Ageica (201), 'Tasmea for Sol Docmeny,' rb Fuur ofFmhtp//w.tiecam.com/ecaoine/fuure-oflm/ransmediafor Social-Docmeayh Accessed 20 May 201

Dao, Loc. (2010) 'NB: Ceate Conect Interac', X nteracve orontoGaudez, Sadra (201) 'he -Do as a Relaoa ject', tp://

i -dos org/2011/0/08/ the-i -do-asa-ea tiona-object/ Accessed8 Sepembe 2011.

Gauden, Sra. (200a) 'Chape 1 Setng the ield', htp://wnteracvedocmetnet/p-conet/200/07/sg_pael-3_200c1pdfAccessed 5 Augst 20.

audeni, Sra (200b) Chaper e yperext teracve documetay throgh the enses of the live dometay,' hp//w.teracvedocumeny.net/wp-contet/20/02/Ch-_hpetex_web-rpdAccessed 5 Augst 201.

Gomez, Je. (200), 'Coca-Cola's Happness acto: Case Sdy,' ross a htp://wyoute.com/wach?v=pYFUv4up&r= Aended20 Mrc 2010 Accessed 20 Je 2012

5



Shan Fyn

5

IDFA ntemaonl Doc entay Fesval Asteda). (2007) FAocLab 'Abou staeent" htp://w.doclabog/about Viseeay 4 201

Joes, Tayor (201), Dearhotoraphom Accessed 22 e 201ega-aua, Rold (2010) wer oet hp//wpowepoetog/

Accessed 14 Ocobe 20Ma V (209), We're A n ths Toether, p//wyoeco/

wach?v=q9ySzpP-g Accesse 14 Novebe 201Me, Ewn, eba Shaffe, Ro eaa and y Sn

(200) To Be Heard hp//wwwtobeheadog/dexl Accessed4 Ocobe 201.

McMahon, Kev (2009) Waterfe Naiol F Bod o Cnaa hp//waefebca/Accessed 6 Jne 2010

Mendes, Jeey a son, enne Bear 71 Naonl F od o Canadahp//e7nfbca/#/be71 Accessed 2 nuay 2012.

Mgsk, Mchael, o Caden nd Ec Rodenback(2009-ogo Oakand

Crmespon Map htp//oaklandrmespottnor o (2008),Standard Open rodure (neacve Webse) Sony ces. h//wsonycasscs.co/stdopeagpocede/stehl Accesse17 Novebe 2008

N York mes (200), A Moment n Tme t://wnesco/eacv/200/05/03/logs/a-oen--ehl Accesse 3 May 2010

Oee, K n Heppen, Jesse Saps, and Jes s (2010-ongong), Mappn Man Street ht//w.appngasteetog/Accessed 18 Fe 2011

Olve, acqene (2010-ongo, Aways n Season sand p//wlwaysnseasosndco/ Accessed 0 Mach 201.

RSA/ps (200) arale Lnes htt//wyoutbeco/phpsceaAccessed 0 Mc 2010.

Rdck, yl (2008-ongo, One Day on Earth hp//wonedayoneah.og/ Accessed 1 Novebe 20

Sco, Rley, n ev MacDonald (200), Le n a Day hp//wyouubeo/uselfeaday Accesse 2 Ags 200.

hofe, lo, and Mhoud Hady (2003), Seven Sons ht//7sons.ofe.co/pages/03nfo0h Accessed 0 Ocobe 2004

Ushahd(207 hp//legacyushco/ Accessed 7 e 200WaterlfeInteve (2010) Dgtal. htp//watelfefca/ Vse Jy

10 2010

SGGESED CAON

O, S (2012), 'Docens etaoc fo Webdoc, eacve,nsea, pcpaoy a eyo, Sudes n Doumenta Flm, 6 2,pp 457, do 10386/s62141_1

CONTRBOR DEAS

Soh OFn s a Seo ece he Cnaan Stu es oga a eUnvesy of Toono Faclty wh the Canad F Cees Meaab He acaec ese exes te fnco, desg expeence ofnaave n teacve evonens; oss-plato to sea esgnfoesghng eegen tends gl soytelg an eeent a Web 20/3 wold; a pyschogeogapc pacces acoss e a Sh e s

Docuenys memoc orm

cenly egaged a woyea esec/ata vsuaaon poject, e ySSHRC, on Nt lanche nd asfoaona plcs wh e coaboao,Fisal wa

Contac 115 Fon Ave, Toono, Ono, Canada, M4 X7E-l so@galco

Soha Ol has asseted he ght nde he Copygh, Desgs adaents Ac, 988, o e dened as the aho o ts wo the foaha was subed to Ielec d

57



jo rna o f Japan& Koan C n aIN 15695 On lin e 156912 isses e ol me Vle , 3

Aims nd Scph incrsinly rnsninl ss Jpns nd Krn cinm undr

lins h nd dpn ur undrsndin his im prn ilm-mkin

rin Ths nihburin cunris, s n in discrd pliiclly, nvr

hlss shr mny culr ribus prvidin schlrs wh rich surc

rsrch

ll r PprsSubmssins my incld ssys dvd issus spciic hr Jpns

r Krn cim, b ricls n inrcins bwn hm wi l ls cn

inu b cnsidrd. pics r ssys r uur issus my cncrn

Hirial cn d nidrinAuhrship

Gnr

Spcrship nd udincs

cpin Jpns nd Krn cim rinlly nd lblly

Esvid ssr

Univrsiy llnis

[email protected]

Frncs wrd

Ursins ll

fgatwduiuedu

Intelet is an neenent aaemi bise f bos n jol t ew o atal e o e o title iitwwwintelletbs.m -mail nalsintell etbooom ntell et, he Mill Panll R ihons Bisto K

6 () pp. 9173 nelec i 20u

Sdes n o Fmome 6 Nume 2

212l ntell ect t le nglish l ae di 11386/sf6.159_1

ON DOVY AND M AN D ROSUiversi ty of th West of ga nd

We're happy and we know it:

Documentary data montage

ABSRAC

Ths article s cnd wh he sa[ ras fdumena n he sea f ubqu-us daa' ha s bh cnsequen and dver fnl scal medan. The cs gven mrane b he mhng f he chaacer fvde n he cn f laes web cdng languag, Unil n, web vde has been merus s netwrked n, rrducng he cndtns fhe screen n a hedaedace N sng daabases and lve nfnatin dawn m scal meda can becnneced he dcumena envrnmen, eng unies fr he ductnfnew knds fknledge and alcatn The ardances fnewrked nnectiv- er he ena renxuali dcumentay maeal hrugh mblzng heennus reatve ential fhuman dsurse tured n he Web The chal-lenge n hese marrages fmass meda fn and rhzmatc newrk s nd newways fshang aentn n a cheren erence T d s, we have renvenhe sa[ raxs fdcumenay, creating new vsual and nfnatl gammars

NRODUCON

W lv that humity o n h vg of a voo W'v movdyond th w of pag d th In of popl. Soon, w'l kiquto data o gnd. O vy gl augmnd; orvy pa had nd nlyzd Bg data, avlal to vyon, ompng ovng ifac will hang v a of ow

KYWORDS

docmtaydtldataoWntravmc

59

i'



Jon ey Many Ros

16

Want Me (28) contued hs ie of creave enqu, exg contemporay love ad dese rou he content hat people post on dang stes.

In 196, Jo Gerson deed documena as 'he eave eaen ofactaiy'. usig te em 'actly', he was referrng to a specc fom:he newsrees - short f obseaons of opca evens - a were shownonsde feares in cnemas hen he snaches of sefexpression, whichae Hs' s raw materal, can be seen as 'acuaes' of te Infomation Age,uns of conen reecg he wod ha can, wh a creave reament, efashione into a docmenary artefact We do not have the space or he clnaon o dscss wheer WeFeel Fne s a or docmeny The po we aemakng here s tha e Web is now a vas reposory of socl fomaon hais poena docmentay conent The ive and changng nature of ha daais a new aordance We Feel Fne is not stac, bu generave Accordg oHarrs ad Kamva s oine staemen:

A ts core, We Feel Fneis rwork auored by eveyone I gow

d chge as we ow ad chge, reecg what's on or blogs,what' n or hears, whas o ds We hope makes he wordseem a e smaer, nd we hope i helps peope see eauy in teeveyay ups d downs of lfe

(212)

We Feel Fne venres into a new creave eioy - scpg soca medadaa to creae what we might ca a Lving Documenay.

3. THE SE A OF DATA

We Feel Fne ca e desood a 'docmeny' response o he ocean ofdata at s oh consequence ad iver of oline soa meaon e workexploisa enomen at produces daa n wd puson A of or oneteracos prduce data a mos accidental aordnce Or computershod and anst records of wha we have een dog (wih or atenon ndo moi devces hod recod of where we ae (or wha we ae dog i ories O deces cn easly recod or ehaors is fomaon ca henbe netrked n neected d uped ways he ocea of daa offers newopores for he producon of new ds of knowedge ad appcaone ene eld of mashup whch erent esg applicaon prmmngnterfaces (AP!s can be pugged ino each ohe to prduce epeced new

ss is a prouct of te uoresee coseuences of data prouson'Mappiess', for isce, s a research prject y he London Schoo

of Economcs; a fee phone app asks you ce a day o rae yo level ofhappess, reaxaon and 'awakeness' on a sce of ese data rehen colaed aas locaon of e resondens' phone, me and respondens' scoes he resechers are neresed correag feeng o enronment (e proect is n by reseachers n he Deprmen of Geoaphy &nromn) Users are ased o e d upoad a phoo o whas exaclyin on of tem, so ha researchers ca map phooaphs of the sies of tefeelgs of e parcpag sample at any one time.

s out ha peope ae happer n evey other environment thhe uran environment nd the eec appeas o e eteen aout oneand ve pos. ontans d coferous foress have come ou as te

happes paces so ar - fou or ve points hgher ha a connuousba seg. Beg te suurbs scores aou one pont happer hna connuous rb envirnment

(Heacoe 21)

is edence may no come as much of a surrse bu i does seve o iusatethe uforeseen consequence for kowedge formaon our wod of newyavaiale daa A fndmena mehodooc probem for soc scienissnd hisoas is ha lmost no edence ess of how people felt; the exeren rn of eveyday fe can e mpued om certan kds of docmentyrecod such as iares, eters or Mass Obseaon repos, u he evdenceus has no been there recent mes Neverheess, his was consdered netae mehodooca pbem, accepted ltaon Researchers werenot seeking o ven a pemneny updag afec pog sysem But heaordance of te mobie dece, ocaon ad me daa, wieessly neworkedcloud compug the database ad e clra expeience for users of 'eg

poed a the tme' comne to produce n eney new (ad rather amazinbody of stasca owedge ta cold not have been here efre

here s, however, a sncon o be made eeen data nd commucaon, or perhaps, eter, beween data d ngage Now hat mea es ta foms and age c be asmted though or everyday communcaon devces, there is a eat de of deton sippage eeen 'data','comncaion', 'media' d 'agage' helaw (26) n Diamond denesdaa as 'a se of measremens exaced om the of te real that areabstact, bak meagess' (2: 1). Daa may be exaced om he 'x'of o so mea ut daa nd social mea re not e same g. We caderve data om guageased foms of socia mea coucaon adexpression, whch is wha Has ad Kevmr do n We Feel ne s s whata g coud does; t clcaes equency of use and s ose nmers o agaphca fom s hs slation beeen te seachae age of socamedia comcaons, to data (as numbers, to gohms tha preict ehavours d aste, tha is he econoc dver of We 2.. hen Tm O'Relymade his prescpon for We 2. i 25, he decled: 'Daa s te new nelsde', mpicty repacig he hdware of te computer chp h he softwe produced by user eracion as he new dver of compug n socey,'sers add vaue [ ] We 2 companes set ncusve defauts for ageganguser daa ad bidng vlue a sdeeec of orny use of the appicaon'(25). aa, he foesaw, woud be he ene ad te iver of the new soa

meia nee, bu by hs he dd no mean hat or ieracons, seches,likes, upoads or ees were he ame as data. He mea a what cld beabstracted m thee nteratnswold be e god nugges of We 2. rends,predcons ad recommendaons have made targeed mrkeg te minrevenue opon formy one operaons However, s data profuson doesno us eate capt frGooe, eBay, Amzon ad Faceook, i also has hepotenl to creae ca, pubic ad educaona capi

4. VDO GOES WEB NAVE

e opic is ven added dmenson by he mohing of he character ofdeo n he conet of HL We have been used to video sing on theWe ihin a payer, oof om he ined nd newored characer of senvomen, reproducg te condions of e T screen a hypemeiaed

Wr ap ad e kno t



on Doy Mny Ros

8

postcolona eie hroug nation pde o rmpat nationsm. Pg nTweets tgged Mongo aongside te ideo c pay a signict e eeGobi Mega-mne pts Mongoa on b o wods biggest esource boomMongoa cuts sor D Lma ectre tor de Chna pessure' Tweesoe consdeabe omaton in a few wods

Asked n dvese cutu contexs, te queson Ae you happy?' ects eveing prcuay, suc as ts, but aso gates cerain uvesesponses Peope eveywhee say hat appness comes om aiy, cien, gadcen mit seem tat we ae e sa>e Paing a twitte feed ongside te video dispts tis cosy impession. we searcon Mongoia' ad 'chen' produces mc-natives bed wch ieeconom adship ad depivaon. Some Mongoian cien e ceyadopted ut o the cou Seet cren ae a soc chenge. e is veyeent om tat i te Ued Kingdom Video ceates n usion o nerness, of smliy Juxtaposng hat w web daa c enscbe specciy,eence

Howve, expeeng wih wite so entis edio and aeseccaenges Incopoang wrtten social meia conten nto a oba pjectis pbeac Frs nd oremost, soci meia patoms e not uivesyaccessbe d pe s vey even ere is so issue o guage Wetere e Twitter coments aviabe Mongoin, rexpe, a sysem forve tansaion is no r now, te exeriment s wih tweets Engis, beang i md that these ae key no to be iigenous content

From n aesthec perspecve, weets w we paying aongside vsusequences, b The Are You y?Projec is mosy snc sod ervews, dnether weets no sbted conen get e iewe attenon tey need when

Figure 1 weet bout Mogoli o Te Ae Yo Happy rject

tey e on-sceen smeousy. So we pan to expoe ateave ways oncooag wtter Wat woud te eect be i te a>e ed wt themico-posts o a ew seconds beoe te video sted to pay What woud be ke to epace te ma vdeo mage wt tweets at cert points e ideais to use te text a ceave ension wt te ideo rate thn as expnaon,to combe wod ad mage n e spii of Godad athe tn cuent ais

Woig wit suas combnng edied vdeo with Fc mages immediatey ees ifu nd ess probemac tn text he iteiewspduced byo Bay iidad oAre You Hppy?e dominated by spitiy ad Cistin imagey Fo tese Cribbean inteiewees, appnessis inexicaby ied wit te pesence, absence d seach o God Whena teewee in ridad mentions e cuc, we ag e deo indad'ad 'cuc', nd pictes om te poto-sing website Ficr ae caedup s has a inteesg eect one ustated e wod curc wt onecuc, this might be so ie as to be comic e proson of cuches atis caed up pduces quite anohe eec Te catoge o gad buings

domaing te ndscape ad images of apt worshippes spea o istoy,power and awe To boow a tem om e wo o topoogst OodGeetz, s 'hicens' he vsua/audtoy 'descipon' poided by te videoTis is te wo tat te eco genery does mng a domentay throug -dept inteiews, shot seecon, cut-aways, voiceover Hee tatw is o-ceated, nd e somewat to cce Te ss ave been ceatedby athos no nown o us, wo ave poaded and agged tei images,d made tem avaiabe toug a Ceave Commons icense. We haveidentied themes te med content nd tagged te deos accodingy

Figure 2 Ierewee i Mogoi wi ickr ige o 'Te e You HappyPrec.

W' hay an kno

9



Dvy andy se

172

Mozlla (201), 'he Mozila blog, http://bogmozla.org/blog/01/1/05/popcn -1- 0-launcandwold -premie-of-one-mllionth -owe/Accessed 3 Jly 0

Ncols, Bl (99), Rresening Reali Issues and Cnces in Dcumena,Ina Inda Unvesiy Pess, pp

ORelly, Tim (005), 'at is Web 0?, hp://oreilycom/pub/web/iv/what-is-web-0h?page=3 Accessed 17 Ocobe 01

(01), Sraa: Making Daa Wrk Cnference, New Yok, 13 Feb,hp:/staacofcom/sa0/pubicc/1 Accessed 6 December0

Popco Demo, '18 Das in Eg, htp://youtbecom/wach?v4YLxDLEGN. (01) Accessed 3 Jly 0

Popova, Mia (009), 'We ee Fe eview, htp://.brnpcngsog/idexhp/009//03/we-feel-e-book/ Accessed 6 December 01

Rebelious Pels (010), Righ Wing Radi Duck, htp://.ebeliouspixelscom/semaicemx Accessed 3 Jy 01

Renov, Michael (008), st peson ms: Some eses on se iscpon, nT Aun nd E de jong (eds), Rehinking Dumena N Persecives,NPcices, Mideead: McGaw pp 395

Rouch, jen (196), Chrnique dun Ee, (Coce of a Sue) Ps: gslms

telaw M (006), ' agnst inomation: Case ses data pracce, A Mpy (ed), Prceedings, ibreulure, Digia Ars & CulureCnference, Perh, p .

Wis, aymond (989), The Impotce o Commy i R Gable (ed),Resues fHe, ondon nd New Yok: Veso, p 119

Wson, r (995), Claiming he Real: The Griersnian Dcumena and isLgiiains, ondon: s m Inste, pp &30

SGGESED CATON

Dovey, nd Rose, M (0), 'Wee appy d we ow it: Docmeny,data, monage,Sudies in Dcumena ilm, 6: , pp 1593, do: 10386/s6159_

CONRTOR DEAS

on Dovey is Proesso o Sreen Mea a the ivesiy o the West ongld He is te Dector o e Dil Cles esec Cene (ttp://dcorgk/) He lso eads up REA, the AHRC Creave EconomyHub o Wles d the Wes ha ms to conect rs reseach wit teCreave Economy He was a lm-mker nd vdeo ats beoe becomgn academc He has been wong wih Mndy Rose d he i-Docs em atDCC; see moe at hp://idocsorg/ He is he author o Freakshs FirsPersn Media and aal (Puto Pess, uy 000) and a co-auor o NMedia A Criica nrducin (Rouledge, 00/008) e is so coauho oGame Cuures (McGaw 006)

Contac: Digil Cutres Resech Cente, Univesity o the West oEnnd, easve Mea Sdo, Waeshed Mea Cente, , Canons Road,Hrboside, isto S 5Eml: [email protected]

Mdy ose is a seo esech eow a te Dgitl Cultes ResechCente, Uivesiy o te Wes of Engand He pacce-based esech ooksat the inersection beteen docmenty d the socil, semc nd openWeb Mndy as devsed d oveseen a nmbe o awrd-g neacve and pcpato poecs She was o-fode nd poduce o Csmass obseaon cmcorde poec Vdeo Nation (9-000), EecuivePoduce o Captre Wles (00007), a poneerng gil stoyellingpoec e Uied Kngdom Se devsed Voces (00) a maor pnpatfom coaboatve expoation o lnguage, accent nd dlect aross theted Kigdom (Webby nomnaed) nd MySenceiconife (006) acolecve stoy of rish sence icon (Webby Honoee) Mdy s wok asa dieco cludes Meeing he sai Mb (C , 001) ad he seies Picuresin he Ps (C , 999) Mdy blogs at ColabDocs tp://collabdocswodpesscom) d is a conbug edto to the i-Docs webse (htp://idocsog/)

E-mil mdyose@uweackon Dovey d Mandy ose have asseed er igt de e Copygt,Dess d Patents Ac, 988, o be idened as the authors o hs work the fomat at was submed to ntelec td

Were py an e kn it

7



intelect books& joura ! p,rfongMt s i Visua l .' rt:;

tanley Kub ck at LookMagazne

Authorsh ip and Gere nPhotojoural ism and F i lmBy Philippe D. Mather

ISN 78-1611 Papeak JK 14. 3

Fom 1945 o 150, ding he fomaive years of his caee Saney

Kbck woked as a phoojonais fo Look magazie. Offeig a

comeensive examinaio of e wok e odced dig s eiod,

aney Kick a Look Magaine seds ew lih on he aesheic and

ideoogica faco a saped is aisic voie

Tacig e iks eween is oooais and fims, Mahe

shows how woking a ook foseed Kick's emegig aen

fo comiing mages and wods o e a soy ahe hen

demosaes how expoin ese is ences o desanding

of Kics apoach o naaive sce - as we as s disincive

cominaions o sch enes as ficion and docmena ad anasy

and eaism

HIUE D. MATHER is ssocite fsor of meia es

Campio Coege at te Uiviy o Regna

irn u:'; Cut & MNh Sd"

We ae hee o suppotide and get the liosend syour new booor journal propoal please

download a q uetonnarefrom I

o view our aalogueor

or oos and journals

Intellet,The Mill,p ,n l R

Studies in Documentary Film, Vol.6, Number 2, Interactive Documentary Special 2012

Documents

Transcript of Studies in Documentary Film, Vol.6, Number 2, Interactive Documentary Special 2012