Group 5- John DaltonSaint Andrew Catholic School

EXPLORING

SOLAR SYSTEM

Have you everwondered where

Earth fits in the

entire universe??

When you look at the sky at night you may see the moon among many stars. In the daytime you know the sun is shining on us. We have learned that Earth where we live revolves around the sun. Planet earth and its lone moon belong to the solar system, where the sun is the center.

The solar system consists of an average star we call the Sun, the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. It Includes the satellites of the planets; numerous comets, asteroids, and meteoroids.

Members of the SOLAR SYSTEM:

1. The Sun 3. Other Members

2. The Planets of the Solar - Mercury System

- Venus - Dwarf Planets

- Earth - Asteroids

- Mars - Comets

- Jupiter - Meteors,

- Saturn Meteoroids and

- Uranus Meteorites

- Neptune

• YThe Sun

The SUN The sun is the center of the solar system. The sun

provides the Earth and other planets light and heat .

Although the sun is the largest object in the solar system, it is only a medium-sized star.

It is a yellow dwarf star made of a huge ball of hot hydrogen and helium gases. It has a diameter of 1392000 km, which is 100 times the diameter of the Earth.

It also has a very strong pulling force called gravity. It is the responsible in maintaining the members of the solar system in their respective orbits.

Parts of the SUN

1 Core 5 Chromosphere

2 Radiation Zone 6 Corona

3 Convection 7 Solar Prominence

4 Photosphere

Benefits We Get From SOLAR ENERGY:

Harmful Effects of the SUN

Certain Facts About Each Planet

Planet Distance from

the sun (km)

Diameter (km)

Period of revolution (Earth days)

Period of rotation

(Earth days)

Number of known moons

Mercury 59 910 000 4878 88 days 58.65 days 0

Venus 108 210 000 12 104 224.7 days 243 days 0

Earth 149 600 000 12 756 365 ¼ days 24 hours 1

Mars 227 940 000 8 787 687 days 24 hrs 37 min 2

Jupiter 778 340 000 142 800 12 years 9 hrs 55 min 62

Saturn 1 427 010 000 120 000 29 ½ years 10hrs 13 min 60

Uranus 2 869 600 000 51 120 84 years 17 hours 27

Neptune 4 496 700 000 49 528 165 years 19 hours 13

mercury

Mercury

MERCURY Mercury is the smallest planet and is the nearest

to the sun. Because of its closeness to the sun, Mercury experiences extreme temperature.

Mercury has a very thin atmosphere, made up mostly of very thin amount of helium gas. It has no moon and has a very weak magnetic field.

No life exists on this planet.

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venus Venus

VENUS Venus is the second planet from the sun. It is

often referred to as the twin planet of Earth because they are almost similar in size and mass.

It is regarded as a beautiful bright star. Venus is often called the evening star or the morning star.

The atmosphere of Venus is made up mostly of dense clouds of carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid.

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Earth

EARTH Earth is the third planet from the sun. It is the only

planet in the solar system that maintains life.

About 70% of the Earth’s surface is made up of water while landforms make up the 30% of the earth. The presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere protects the planet from the sun’s harmful radiation.

The atmosphere of the earth is composed of gases like nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. When we breathe, we take in oxygen from the air and give-off carbon dioxide while plants take in carbon dioxide to make food for human beings and animals.

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mars Mars

MARS The fourth planet from the sun is the Mars. This

planet is smaller than Earth.

The atmosphere of Mars is composed of carbon dioxide with small amounts of other gases. It has a very cold temperature because of its distance from the sun.

Iron oxides, commonly known as rust, creates the red color of Mars; hence, it is called the Red Planet. Its red color can be seen with the naked eye.

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Jupiter

JUPITER Jupiter is the fifth planet from the sun. It is the

largest planet in the solar system. It is a giant ball of gases.

It has a thick atmosphere made up of hydrogen and helium, and its clouds are made up of ammonia and ice crystals.

Jupiter is the brightest object in the sky after the sun, moon, and Venus. With the use of a telescope, you may able to see its cloud bands and the Great Red Spot.

Saturn

SATURN Saturn is the sixth planet from the sun. it is the

second largest planet in the solar system.

This planet is made up mostly of hydrogen and helium, which are very light gases.

Saturn is known as the Ringed Planet because of its beautiful rings. It has 7 major rings which is consists of thousands of ringlets that is made up of dust, rocks, and icy boulders.

Life does not also exist in this planet.

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Uranus

URANUS The seventh planet from the sun is the Uranus.

Uranus has a thick atmosphere made up mostly of hydrogen and helium.

Astronomers believe that methane and hydrocarbons gives the planet its greenish blue color.

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neptune Neptune

NEPTUNE Neptune is the eight planet from the sun. Due to

its great distance from the sun, it takes this planet 165 years to orbit the sun.

Neptune has a thick atmosphere of hydrogen, helium, and methane. Methane gives the bluish color of this planet.

The Great Dark Spot is the storm system in Neptune’s atmosphere.

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DPLANETS Dwarf Planets

DWARF PLANETS

A dwarf planet is a celestial body that orbits around the sun, is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit, and is not a satellite.

Aside from Pluto, the following are considered dwarf planets: Ceres, Eris, Makemake, and Haumea.

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ASTEROIDS

Asteroids

ASTEROIDS Asteroids are sometimes called miniature planets

or planetoids. They are large pieces of rocks, some of which are mixed with metals.

They have different shapes. Some are spherical while many have irregular shapes.

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comets Comets

COMETS A comet is a chunk of frozen gas and dirt which

orbits the sun. It is seen with a starlike head and a tail of light.

Most comets have three parts, namely, the nucleus, the coma, and the tail.

Comets may be classified according to the length of time they orbit the sun. Comets may be short-period or a long-period.

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meteors

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Meteors, Meteoroids, Meteorites

METEORS, METEOROIDS, and METEORITES

Meteors are grains of rock or dust traveling through space at high speed and seen as streaks of light when burning high in Earth’s atmosphere.

Meteoroids are small pieces of metallic or stony matter. They have different speed and orbits around the sun.

Meteorites are meteors that hit the Earth’s surface.

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Parts of a Comet

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TAIL

COMA

NUCLEUS

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The Great Red Spot is a vast storm that rages

through Jupiter’s atmosphere.

Benefits We Get From SOLAR ENERGY

The energy coming from the sun is called solar energy. Solar energy supports all life on Earth.

Plants use solar energy in making food during photosynthesis.

People and animals get solar energy indirectly by eating plants.

People burn coal and oil to make machines run.

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Harmful Effects of the SUN

Sunburn. Overexposure to the sun can happen in just a few hours. A bad reaction includes tenderness, pain, swelling, and blistering, and may include fever, chills, and nausea. While there is no cure for sunburn, wet compresses, cool tub baths, and soothing lotions may help. If you have a bad burn, see your dermatologist.

Premature wrinkling. People who work or lay in the sun without sufficient protection get sagging cheeks and deep wrinkles that may make them look much older. The sun can also cause unsightly red, yellow, gray, or brown spots and scaly growths that may develop into skin cancer.

Skin cancer. Skin cancer is caused by too much sun, both long-term exposure and bad sunburns. More than 90 percent of all skin cancers occur on parts of the body exposed to the sun. The face, neck, ears, forearms, and hands are the most common places for skin cancer to develop.

Eye damage. The sun can cause cataracts and other eye damage. Cataracts are one of the leading causes of blindness.

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A long-period comet takes 200 years or more to orbit the sun.

One example is the comet Bennet.

A short-period comet orbits the sun once in 25 years or up to 200

years. One example is the Halley’s comet.

Jessica P. QuintoBEED3-SPED