Student DiversityStudent Diversity

Student DiversityStudent Diversity

In what ways are students diverse?

Impact of CultureImpact of Culture

Norms Norms TraditionsTraditions BehaviorsBehaviors Language Language PerceptionsPerceptions

SHARED

TB: But, I bearly know U.

The internet has helped to break down some cultural barriers.

Who Am I?Who Am I?

Write the top three answers that Write the top three answers that come to your mind.come to your mind.

European American

Hispanic

African American

Asian/Pacific Islander

American Indian

Shared National

American Culture

Macroculture

Race/Ethnicity 2000 2006 2010 (1995 Projections)

European American 71.4 73.9 (67.4)

Hispanic 11.9 14.8 (14.6)

African American 12.2 12.4 (12.5)

Asian/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 3.8 4.5 (4.8)

American Indian 0.7 0.8 (0.8)

Percentages of U.S. Population by Race/Ethnicity

Source: http://factfinder.census.gov

Socioeconomic StatusSocioeconomic Status DefinitionDefinition Disadvantages of Low SESDisadvantages of Low SES Role of Child-Rearing PracticesRole of Child-Rearing Practices

– Parents are less educated role modelsParents are less educated role models– Inconsistent parentingInconsistent parenting– Less value on creativityLess value on creativity– More Punishment More Punishment – Kinds of Parent-Child Activities differKinds of Parent-Child Activities differ

Link Between Income and Summer Link Between Income and Summer LearningLearning

Possible Conflicts Between School and Cultural Expectations

High and Low Power Distance CulturesHigh and Low Power Distance Cultures

Majority

Powerful Elite

Large Middle Class

Upper Class

Lower Economic Class

High Low

Source: Eric Law 1993

Socioeconomic StatusSocioeconomic StatusRole of Schools As Middle-Class InstitutionsRole of Schools As Middle-Class Institutions

School ValuesSchool Values Mismatched Mismatched ValuesValues

IndividualityIndividuality Group LoyaltyGroup Loyalty

Future Time Future Time OrientationOrientation

Focus on PresentFocus on Present

CompetitionCompetition CooperationCooperation

Control of NatureControl of NatureRespect and Live Respect and Live

with Naturewith Nature

Cherish FreedomCherish Freedom Cherish TraditionCherish Tradition

School and Community Factors- Funding- Desegregation

Ethnicity and RaceEthnicity and Race

Why Have Minority-Group Students Why Have Minority-Group Students Lagged in Achievement?Lagged in Achievement?– Socioeconomic StatusSocioeconomic Status– Inferior SchoolsInferior Schools– Instruction Inconsistent with CultureInstruction Inconsistent with Culture– Low ExpectationsLow Expectations

Bilingual ProgramsBilingual Programs

Bilingual EducationBilingual Education– AdvantagesAdvantages

» Self EsteemSelf Esteem

» School Achievement Is Not Dependent On School Achievement Is Not Dependent On Language SkillsLanguage Skills

» Increased AchievementIncreased Achievement

– DisadvantagesDisadvantages» Not Enough Bilingual TeachersNot Enough Bilingual Teachers

» Re-segregates StudentsRe-segregates Students

Gender and Gender BiasGender and Gender Bias

Assessments Assessments The Maccoby and Jacklin StudyThe Maccoby and Jacklin Study

– Differences Within Sexes Exceeded Differences Within Sexes Exceeded Differences Between SexesDifferences Between Sexes

– Experimenters Could Not Control Sex Experimenters Could Not Control Sex AssignmentAssignment

– Only Four Consistent Differences Were FoundOnly Four Consistent Differences Were Found

Gender and Gender BiasGender and Gender Bias

The Maccoby and Jacklin Study Results & The Maccoby and Jacklin Study Results & UpdatesUpdates– VerbalVerbal– Visual-SpatialVisual-Spatial– MathMath– AggressivenessAggressiveness

Sexism at HomeSexism at Home

• Expectations• Reinforcements

Sexism in the Sexism in the ClassroomClassroom

• Observations• Communication• Teacher Chivalry• Conclusions

Percentage of Males and Females who Enrolled in Percentage of Males and Females who Enrolled in and Completed High School Coursesand Completed High School Courses

Courses Percent MalesCompleting

Percent FemalesCompleting

Algebra 81.6 76.8

Trigonometry orGeometry

60.1 50.3

Chemistry orPhysics

54.2 42.3

English, 3 Years orMore

92.8 94.1

Foreign Language,2 Years or more

39.1 48.1

Learning StylesLearning Styles

Theories of Learning StylesTheories of Learning Styles– Different Ways of LearningDifferent Ways of Learning

– Field Dependence versus Field Field Dependence versus Field Independence (Embedded Figures)Independence (Embedded Figures)

– Impulsive versus ReflectiveImpulsive versus Reflective

– Learning Environment PreferenceLearning Environment Preference