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Student Demography and Perception & Attitude towards
English as predictor of Academic Achievement
Student Demography and Perception & Attitude towards
English as predictor of Academic Achievement
By:Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nagarajah Lee
Prof. Dr. Latifah Abdol LatifProf. Ramli Bahroom.
• Proficiency in English is necessary to reap the full benefit of information explosion.
• As a lifelong learning being the pillar, OUM fully recognizes this and as a results made English language as the medium of instruction.
• However, the effectiveness of learning much depends on learners, competence in the language where one of the contributing factor is their attitude towards the use of the language in T&L
OverviewOverview
• Purpose• Research Design, Population & Sample• Instrument• Findings• Conclusion & Recommendation
This paper examines the This paper examines the association between some association between some selected demographic factors, selected demographic factors, attitude and perception towards attitude and perception towards English language use in T&L and English language use in T&L and academic performance among academic performance among students in an Open and Distance students in an Open and Distance Learning institution.Learning institution.
Purpose Purpose
Conceptual FrameworkConceptual Framework
Student Demogrphy
Students’ perception & attitude towards English language
Academic Performance
Research Design, Research Design, Population & SamplePopulation & Sample
• This is a cross sectional survey using self administered questionnaire.
• The population for this study are all undergraduate students enrolled with OUM at the point of data collection.
• The sample consist of 761 students in various degree program at OUM.
INSTRUMENTINSTRUMENT
Student Attitude Towards the use of English in T&L
a) Attitude towards English
b) Instrumental Motivation
c) Intrinsic Motivation
d) Learning Instruction
Student Perception on English Language use:
a) Perceived Ability
b) Perceived Competency
Respondents are required to rate their perceptions on a five point Likert scale
Respondents’ Demography
n %
Gender male 328 43.7
female 422 56.3
Age 20 - 30 283 37.2
31 - 40 256 33.6
41 - 50 141 18.5
Above 50 81 10.6
Race Malay 449 60.9
Chinese 117 15.9
Indian 87 11.8
Other Bumi 73 9.9
Others 11 1.5
Entry Mode Flexi 412 56.2
Normal 321 43.8
Respondent Demography Respondent Demography vs CGPAvs CGPA
Age and Ethnicity are significantly associated with students academic performance
CGPA Category
Less than 3.00
n= 491(65.8%)
3.00 and aboven= 255
(34.2%)
Gender Male 219 (68.4%) 101 (31.6%) = 1.985(p = 0.159)Female 264(63.5%) 152 (36.5%)
Age Category
20 - 35 205 (73.7%) 73 (26.3%)
= 13.945(p = 0.003)
31 - 40 153 (61.0%) 98(39.0%)
41 - 50 90 (64.3%) 50 (35.7%)
Above 50 43 (55.8%) 34 (44.2%)
Race Malay 313 (70.5%) 131 (29.5%)
= 47.272( p = 0.002)
Chinese 47 (41.2%) 67 (58.8%)
Indian 49 (58.3%) 35 ( 41.7%)
Other Bumi 59 (83.1%) 12 (16.9%)
Others 5 (50.0%) 5 (50.0%)
Entry Mode Flexi 274 (68.0%) 129 (32.0%) = 2.403( p = 0.121)Normal 198 (62.5%) 119 (37.5%)
2 2 2 2
• As for the age category, are higher percentages of students from the age groups 31- 40 years, 41-50 years and above 50 years obtained a CGPA of 3.00 and above. Students from the age category 20 – 35 years registered the lower percentage for CGPA 3.00 and above.
• Greater percentage of Chinese students obtained CGPA of 3.00 and above, followed by ‘others’, Indian and Malay. The lowest percentage for CGPA 3.00 and above was recorded for East Malaysian Bumiputra students
Student Perception and Student Perception and attitude towards English attitude towards English vs CGPAvs CGPA
Both the TWO dimensions of students’ perception towards English use in T&L as well as their attitude towards the
language (all four dimensions) are significantly associated with students’ academic achievement. Positive perception
and attitude towards the use of English in T&L leads to better academic achievement
CGPA N Mean Std. Deviation t-value
Perceived Competency Below 3.00 488 3.9349 1.03593-7.369 0.0001
3.00 and above 252 4.5093 .94585
Perceived Ability Below 3.00 487 3.7480 1.03950-8.575 0.0001
3.00 and above 252 4.4135 1.03083
Attitude towards English Below 3.00 490 3.8433 .67236-8.926 0.0001
3.00 and above 254 4.3172 .71387
Instrumental Motivation Below 3.00 490 4.4869 1.12731-6.584 0.0001
3.00 and above 254 5.0301 .93967
Intrinsic Motivation Below 3.00 489 4.6564 1.06743-4.896 0.0001
3.00 and above 254 5.0246 .91897
Learning Instruction Below 3.00 480 3.6760 1.18678-8.960 0.001
3.00 and above 252 4.4702 1.11391
The Logistic Regression The Logistic Regression ModelModel
Variables in the Equation
Reference group B S.E. Wald df Sig.
exp B
Perceived Competency 0.612 0.182 11.307 1 0.001 1.844
Perceived Ability 0.594 0.194 9.375 1 0.002 1.811
Attitude 0.469 0.143 10.757 1 0.001 1.598
Instrumental Motivation 0.512 0.171 8.965 1 0.003 1.669
Intrinsic Motivation 0.666 0.192 12.032 1 0.000 1.946
Learning Instruction 0.495 0.193 6.578 1 0.039 1.640
Male Female 0.319 0.189 2.838 1 0.092 1.375
Malay
Race 0 4 0 1
A4(1) 0.741 0.268 7.612 1 0.006 2.097
A4(2) 0.577 0.318 3.283 1 0.079 1.562
A4(3) -1.08 0.392 7.606 1 0.006 0.34
A4(4) 0.007 0.76 0 1 0.993 1.007
Flexi Entry Mode of Entry 0.29 0.189 2.346 1 0.126 1.337
Age 0.03 0.011 7.014 1 0.008 1.03
Constant -5.392 0.782 47.562 1 0 0.005a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: Perceived Competency, Perceived Ability, Attitude, Instrumental Motivation, Intrinsic Motivation, Learning_ Instruction, Gender, Race, Mode of Entry, Age.
Model FitModel Fit
Hosmer and Lemeshow Test
Step Chi-square df Sig.1
17.432 9 .127
Model Summary
Step -2 Log likelihoodCox & Snell R
SquareNagelkerke R
Square1 370.255a .191 .254
a. Estimation terminated at iteration number 5 because parameter estimates changed by less than .001.
The Logistic Regression is a valid model to predict the relationship
between the predictor and outcome variables
Model Sensitivity & Model Sensitivity & SpecificitySpecificity
Sensitivity [ability to predict event correctly] = 83%
Specificity [ability to predict non event correctly] = 87.7%
Area Under the Curve
Test Result Variable(s):Predicted probability
Area Std. Errora Asymptotic Sig.b
Asymptotic 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
.740 .021 .000 .698 .781
The test result variable(s): Predicted probability has at least one tie between the positive actual state group and the negative actual state group. Statistics may be biased.
a. Under the nonparametric assumption
b. Null hypothesis: true area = 0.5
Logistic Model Explaining the relationshipsLogistic Model Explaining the relationships
CGPA 3.00 and above = -5.39 + 0.495 (Learning Instruction) + 0.666 (Int. Mot. ) + 0.512( Instr. Mot.) + 0.512 (Attitude) + 0.594 (Perceived Ability) +
0.612 (Perceived competency )+ 0.03 (Age)
+ 0.741 (Chinese) – 1.08 (Other Bumi)Int. Mot = Intrinsic MotivationInstr. Mot = Instrumental Motivation
ConclusionConclusion
The findings of this study suggested that students’ perception and attitude towards
the use of English in Teaching and Learning together with the selected demographic
factors can be used as a good predictor of students’ academic performance.
These variables can be used to identify ‘at risk’ students and the institution can
formula interventions to reduce attrition rate.
Thank YouThank You
Questions and comments are welcome