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Transcript of Structure of Solids Chapter 11 Part III. Classification of Solids Crystalline Solids with highly...
![Page 1: Structure of Solids Chapter 11 Part III. Classification of Solids Crystalline Solids with highly regular arrangement of components Amorphous Solids with.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061520/5697c0191a28abf838cce72c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Structure of Solids
Chapter 11
Part III
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Classification of Solids
• Crystalline• Solids with highly
regular arrangement of components
• Amorphous• Solids with
considerable disorder in their structure.
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X-ray Diffraction
• X-ray Diffraction is commonly used to determine the structure of a solid.
• X-ray diffraction is explained on page 420.
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Crystalline Solids• A Lattice represents
the regular positioning of the components of a crystal.
• A Lattice is the three dimensional system of points designating the positions of the components.
• The smallest repeating unit of the lattice is called the Unit Cell.
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Unit Cell-Simple Cubic, Body centered cubic & Face centered
cubic.
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Types of Crystalline Solid
• Ionic Solids: metal and non metal
• Molecular solids: non metal and non metal
• Atomic solids: single element
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Ionic Solids: metal and non metal
• Ionic substances have ions at the point of the lattice that describe the structure of the compound.
• Examples: NaCl, FeSO4, Al2S3
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Molecular solid: non metal and non metal
• Molecular solids have discrete covalently bonded molecules at the end of each of its lattice points.
• See ice →
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Atomic solids: single element
• Atomic solids all have atoms at the points of the lattice that describes the structure of the solid.
• This example is diamond a network covalent solid.
• Other examples include, boron, silicon and all metals.
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Types of solids
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Atomic solids: Three types
• Metallic Solids
• Network Solids
• Group VIIIA solids
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Metallic Solids
• These have a type of delocalized non-directional covalent bonding.
• Examples are Cs and Au
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Network Solids
• The atoms bond to each other with strong directional covalent bonds that lead to macromolecules or networks of atoms.
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Group VIIIA solids
• Noble gases are attracted to one another at low temperatures with weak London dispersion forces.
• The examples are Kr and Xe. Both are cubic close packed.
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Summary
Classification of solids
Atomic SolidsMolecular Solids
Ionic Solids
Metallic Network Group VIIIA
Components that ocupy the lattice points Metal Ions
Nonmetal atoms
Group VIIIA atoms
Discrete molecules Ions
BondingDelocalized covalent
Directional Covalent (marcomolecules)
London Dispersion Forces
Dipole-dipole and/or London dispersion forces Ionic
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Structure and Bonding in Metals