Structure and Function on the Skeletal System.

Structure of the Skeleton

We know that the 206 bones of the skeleton are split into two different groups…

The Axial Skeleton – 80 bones

The

Appendicular skeleton – 126 bones

Axial Skeleton

The central core of the body or its

AXIS.

Consists of:

Skull

The vertebrae

The sternum

The ribs

It provides the core from which the limbs hang from.

Appendicular Skeleton

The parts/ limbs hanging off of the AXIAL skeleton.

Shoulder Girdle (scapula/ clavicle)

Pelvic GirdleUpper and Lower limbs

Task…

Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton

List the below Bone names into the relevant column in the table below…

cranium, clavicle, ribs, sternum, humerus, radius, ulna, scapula, ilium, pubis, ischium, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, vertebral column – cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, Fixed immovable joints, Allows movement.

Answers!!

Task:Match the EVERY DAY name for each bone, with its correct ANATOMICAL name.

Every day Name Anatomical NameSkullCollar BoneBreast BoneRibs RibsSpine Shoulder BladeArmForearmForearmPelvisThigh Bone

IlliumPubisIschium

Shin boneShin boneKnee CapWrist HandFingersAnkle

Task!!

In pairs: 1 person labels the other as a ‘human skeleton’. Making labels for ALL of the various bones that we have learned thus far.

You also need to be to know ‘both’ names for each bone.

You will then mark each others work…

Major bones of the body explained…

CraniumConsists of 8 bones fused together to PROTECT your brain.

14 other facial bones that form the face and jaw…

Sternum

Flat bone in the middle of your chest shaped like a dagger.

PROTECTS the heart and acts as an ATTACHMENT point for the ribs and clavicle

RibsAdults have 12 pairs of ribs, that run between sternum and thoracic vertebrae.

Ribs are flat bones that form a PROTECTIVE cage around the HEART and LUNGS.

True Ribs

False Ribs

Floating Ribs

Provides a point of attachment for many

muscles of upper arm and back.

ClavicleThe role of the

Clavicle is to keep the scapula the correct distance from the

sternum

One end is connected to the sternum and the

other to the scapula

Scapula

Situated on the upper

back of the body

ARM

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

The Humerus, Radius and Ulna all form the ELBOW joint.

In order for the hand to move, the Radius moves across the ulna…

HandConsists of 3 area, made up of different kind of bone.

Phalanges- 14 bones

Meta-Carpels

Carpels- 8 bones

PelvisConsists of 3 bones fused together- ILLIUM, PUBIS and ISCHIUM

Function: to PROTECT the lower internal organs… such as the bladder, reproductive organs and when pregnant the developing foetus!

LEGConsists of 4 bones: FEMUR, FIBULA, TIBIA and PATELLAFemur: Longest

bone in the body and forms the knee joint with the TIBIA

Tibia: The weight bearing bone of the lower leg

Fibula: The non-weight bearing bone of the lower leg and helps form the ankle.

Patella: Bone that floats over the knee and lie within the patella tendon and SMOOTHES the movement of the tendons over the knee.

Foot Consists of 3 areas: Tarsals, Metatarsals and Phalanges

Tarsals- 7 bones

3 Phalanges in each toe… apart from the big toe that has 2

-5 Bones

Vertebrae7 Cervical vertebrae make up the neck and runs to the shoulders

12 Thoracic vertebrae make up the chest area

5 Lumbar vertebrae make up the lower back

5 vertebrae which are fixed together make the Sacrum.

Coccyx is 4 bones fused together, remnants from when we had a tail!

Task…To achieve P1 you need to describe:• The bones that make up the axial and appendicular skeleton and what their role is.

• The sections that comprise the Vertebral Column (i.e. cervical) and how many bones are in each section.

• Identify the location of the major bones (i.e. cranium, clavicle, ribs, sternum, Humerus, radius, ulna, scapula, ilium, pubis, ischium, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, vertebral column - cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx)

• The different types of bone (i.e. long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid) and identify the major boneswithin the body.• The function of the skeletal system (i.e. support; protection; attachment for skeletal muscle; source ofblood cell production; store of minerals)