STRUCTURAL MARXIST INSTRUMENTAL RADICAL Sociologists who view crime & deviance as a result of social...
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Transcript of STRUCTURAL MARXIST INSTRUMENTAL RADICAL Sociologists who view crime & deviance as a result of social...
STRUCTURALSTRUCTURAL
MARXISTMARXIST
INSTRUMENTALINSTRUMENTAL
RADICALRADICAL
Sociologistswho view crime &
deviance as a result of social
conflict and economicrivalry are alignedwith a number of
schools of thought, referred to as:
Schools of Thought in the Conflict Perspective
The goal of social conflict theorists is to explain deviance within economic and social contexts and to express the connections among social class, deviance and social control. Issues of concern to them include:
The relationship of personal or group power in controlling and defining deviance
Power and Control:Deviance as a Political Process
Focus: Creation and Enforcement of Law
The relationship of personal or group power in controlling and defining deviance
Power and Control:Deviance as a Political Process
Focus: Creation and Enforcement of Law
Marxist View of Class
WorkersWorkers(Proletariat)(Proletariat)Owners ofOwners of
ProductionProduction(Capitalist(Capitalist
Bourgeoisie)Bourgeoisie)
The Non-ProductiveThe Non-Productive(Lumpen Proletariat)(Lumpen Proletariat)
PROFITSPROFITS
WAGESWAGES
PROFITSPROFITS
WAGESWAGES
Willem Bonger (1876-1940)
If wealth is unequally distributed and people believe wealth means superiority, then the inferior will be more deviant attempting to attain the wealth
• The economic system will intensify personal disadvantages and will increase propensity for deviance
The Social Reality of Deviance and Crime
RichardRichard
Quinney,Quinney,
19701970
Law and defining deviance is a Law and defining deviance is a tool for the Ruling Classtool for the Ruling Class
-Control is through a variety of Control is through a variety of institutions run by and for the institutions run by and for the EliteElite
-Typical focus of the Sociology Typical focus of the Sociology of Deviance is focused on the of Deviance is focused on the lower classlower class
Conflict Theory- Overview
MAJOR PREMISEMAJOR PREMISEDeviance is a function of class conflict. The definition of what is deviant is controlled by people who hold social and political
power.
STRENGTHSSTRENGTHSAccounts for class differentials in
categorizing those who are “deviant”. Shows how class conflict influences
behavior.
Explains the existence ofwhite-collar crime and business
control laws..
STRENGTHSSTRENGTHS
The law is designed tosustain the capitalist
economic system
MAJOR PREMISEMAJOR PREMISE
Structural Conflict TheoryStructural Conflict Theory
Instrumental Conflict TheoryInstrumental Conflict Theory
MAJORMAJORPREMISEPREMISE
Criminals are revolutionaries.The real crime
is sexism,sexism, racismracism, and
profiteering.profiteering.
STRENGTHSBroadens the
definition of deviancyand demystifies or explains the
historical development oflaw.
Marxist Theory
STRENGTHSSTRENGTHS
Accounts for the associations between economic structure and crime rates.
MAJOR PREMISEMAJOR PREMISE
The capitalist means of production creates The capitalist means of production creates class conflict. Crime is a rebellion of the class conflict. Crime is a rebellion of the
lower class. The criminal justice system is lower class. The criminal justice system is an agent of class warfare.an agent of class warfare.
Radical Feminist TheoryRadical Feminist Theory
MAJOR PREMISEMAJOR PREMISEThe capital system
creates patriarchy, whichoppresses women.
STRENGTHSSTRENGTHS
Explains gender bias,Explains gender bias,
violence against women,violence against women,
and repression.and repression.
Social Conflict Theories:Critique by Goode
Social Conflict Theories:Critique by Goode
-Not all conflict represents social or -Not all conflict represents social or economic classeconomic class
-Crime continues to exist is socialist -Crime continues to exist is socialist countriescountries
-Arrest and punishment happens in both -Arrest and punishment happens in both capitalist and socialist countriescapitalist and socialist countries
The key question in the social control theory is not why people commit crime and delinquency, but rather why don’t they? Why don’t people conform?
Social Control Theory 2
The most detailed elaboration of modern social control theory is attributed to Travis Hirschi who wrote the 1969 book, Causes of Delinquency.
Causes of Low Self-Control
• We are all born without self-control– Self Control is established in early childhood
– Causes must be in early childhood
• There is a lack of adherence to social norms• Biology? NOT according to Hirschi
Basic Premise of Social Bond Theory
Hirschi argued that deviancy will occur if individuals are not properly socialized into establishing a strong bond to society.
There are 4 elements that form the social bond consisting of:
Elem ents of the Socia l Bond
Attachm entEm otiona l A ttachm ent to
s ign ificant o thers
C om m itm entE fforts and Ene rgies
expended tow a rd conventional goals
Involvem en tKeeping busy a t
conven tional activ ities
Belie fC ognitive affirm ation o f
conventional va lues
D EVIAN CE
Social Bond Theory Updated
More recently, Hirschi wrote with Michael Gottfredson that the principal cause of deviant behaviors is ineffective child rearing, which produces people with low self-control.