STRESS. Stress Hans Selye developed the concept of stress as the nonspecific response of the body to...
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STRESS
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StressHans Selye developed the
concept of stress as the nonspecific response of the body to demands made on it
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STRESS StressorStressor- anything that causes - anything that causes
an organism to adjust and show an organism to adjust and show stress responsestress response
CAN BE GOOD OR BADCAN BE GOOD OR BAD
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TYPES OF STRESS EUSTRESS- good stress (heals) Epinephrine handling DISTRESS- bad stress (destroys) Epinephrine and norepinephrine
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What makes it stressful? Primary appraisal-
determining if an event is a threat
Secondary appraisal- how you will deal with the stressful situation
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Stress and IllnessHans Selye developed concept
of stress as nonspecific response of body to demands
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General Adaptation Syndrome
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GAS ALARM- fight or flight response Heart pounds Breathing faster Muscles tense/prepare to act Perspiration increases to cool Stomach/digestion/ saliva slow
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General Adaptation Syndrome
RESISTANCE- try to cope over time
Moderate arousal Higher stress lowers immunity The colds that come and never
go away
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General Adaptation Syndrome
EXHAUSTION- your system gets run down
More vulnerable to disease Psychosomatic
(psychophysiological disorders)
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Stress and Illness immune system is body's major defense
against bacteria /viruses.Psychoneuroimmunology -- how
psychological and physiological factors interact to influence immune system.
A wide variety of stressful events can affect immune system functioning.
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CAUSES OF STRESS 1. Conflicts Only some goals can be satisfied at
the expense of others Approach-approach: two or more
positive choices Have your cake and eat it too?
Examples??
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CAUSES OF STRESS Avoidance-avoidance- no-win
situation Two or more negative options Burned either way “Lesser of two evils” Damned if I do/ don’t Procrastinate or escape
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TYPES OF CONFLICT Approach-avoidance I should do this…but Swinging back and forth Have to do something bad in
the process TRY TO AVOID THESE
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TYPES OF CONFLICT Multiple Approach-Avoidance Weigh your options Complex and tough Getting married/ divorced/
choosing a college/ major
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2. Major life events WE DON’T LIKE
CHANGE!!!!! Can be good OR bad Adolescent stress scale Usually temporary
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Causes of Stress 3. Frustration Interference w/ Goal-directed
behavior DRIVES or INCENTIVES When some kind of force is keeping
you from your goal Could be permanent or temporary
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Types of Frustration 1. Environmental frustration Something external keeps you
from your goal (time, money, weather, traffic, noise, etc.)
2. Social Frustration Person that keeps you from your
goals Parents, teachers, siblings, etc.
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Types of Frustration 3. Personal frustration Something about you stops you A. unrealistic expectations of
self B. Unrealistic expectations of
others
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Types of Frustration C. Excessive use of defense
mechanisms
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Causes of Stress 4. Catastrophe (Natural disasters) Causes change Worry lingers (1 year or more)
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PTSD Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Intense fear when reliving a
stressful event Flashbacks, sleep issues, paranoia,
anxiety, irritability, poor concentration
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Stress and Perception Men vs. Women Women “tend and befriend” :
oxytocin minimizes adrenaline and cortisol
Men internalization or confrontation
Women live longer, men more prone to heart disease
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Perception and Stress Mood/ personality
(optimism/pessimism) Type A (hostile, competitive
aggressive) vs. type B (non)
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Explanatory style matters.
Awfulizing/ learned helplessness
Optimism DOES affect our health
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Explanatory Styles (Cognition) Temporary vs Permanent Specific vs Universal (general) External vs Internal
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How do you not let it bother you?
Hardiness- characteristics that reduce the influence of stressors (less illness!)
Commitment, sense of control, view stress as a challenge
Have resources to cope
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I MEAN, HOW BAD CAN MY SITUATION
BE????
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Coping With Stress 1. Planning- GET AN AGENDA!!!! Budget, prioritize 2. Problem-focused coping: you
have control and can fix the problem
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Coping Mechanisms 3. Emotion-focused coping You can’t fix the problem, but
you accept those limits and cope with your emotions.
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COPING Mechanisms 4. DON’T DWELL on
negatives 5. Behavior Modification
Therapy/Stress Management 6. Distraction- gets your mind
off it
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Coping Mechanisms 7. Social Support- getting it
out, advice, understanding, approval, money, help!
+ Life span evidence 8. Sense of Humor/ eustress
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Coping Mechanisms 9. meditation/relaxation 10. physical activity- health,
endorphins, well-being Even moderate can make a
difference
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1973
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1983
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1993
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2006
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