Stress Health n Coping
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Transcript of Stress Health n Coping
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STRESS, HEALTH ANDCOPING
NURDIYANA ABD HALIM
COLLEGE OF FOUNDATION AND GENERAL STUDIES
PPYF103
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STRESS PANIC DISORDER
Panic disorder: characterized by recurrent andunexpected panic attacks.
The person become so worried about havinganother panic attack that it interferes with normalpsychological functioning.
Panic attack: period of intense fear or discomfort
Pounding heart, sweating, trembling, shortnessof breath, feelings of choking, chest pain, nausea,dizziness and fear of losing control.
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STRESS PANIC DISORDER
Definition of Stress:
the anxious or threatening feeling that comes
when we interpret or appraise a situation as beingmore than our psychological resources can
adequately handle (Lazarus, 1999)
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PRIMAR
YAPPRAISALS
HARM/LOSS
THREATS
ENVIRONMENTALFACTOR
Primary Appraisals: initial/ subjective interpretation of a
potentially stressful situation (Lazarus, 1999 &2000)
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PRIMARY APPRAISALS
HARM/LOSS
Have alreadysustaineddamage/injury
Elicits negativeemotions
More intense ve emotionsare, more
stressfulsituation willseem
THREAT
Harm/loss notyet taken placebut you know it
will happen inthe future
Elicits veemotions
Situation may
seemsespeciallystressful
CHALLENGE
Have the potentialfor gain but alsoneed to mobilizeyour physicalenergy andpsychologicalresources to meetthe challengingsituation
Elicits positiveemotion; lessstressful
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APPRAISAL TO AROUSAL
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FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE
A. direct great resource of energy to muscle and brain
B. triggered by physical stimuli that threaten oursurvival or psychological situation that are challenging
or threatening.
C. involve numerous psychological responses that
arouse and prepare body for action.
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ACTIVATION OF FIGHT-FLIGHT RESPONSE
APPRAISAL
HYPOTHALAMUS
AUTONOMICNERVOUS SYSTEM
FIGHT-FLIGHT RESPONSE
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Psychosomatic Symptoms
DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOSOMATIC SYMPTOMS: Genetic predisposition
Lifestyle
Threat appraisals
Psychosomatic symptoms
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GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME
Continualactivation of fight-
flight response
General AdaptationSyndrome (GAS)
General adaptation syndrome (GAS):
- bodys reaction to stressful situation
- Increase the chances of developing
psychosomatic symptom.
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3 stages of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
1. Alarm Stage Initial reaction to stress
Activation of fight-flight response (cause physiologicalarousal)
2. Resistance stage reaction to continued stress
most physiological responses return to normal
Body uses up great stores of energy
3. Exhaustion stage
long term, continuous stress
Actual breakdown in internal organ / weakeningimmune system
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General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
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STRESSFUL EXPERIENCES
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Situational stressor
Adjustment disorder:
Unable to cope with major life changes it include
emotional and behavioral symptom.
(depression, overwhelmed, poor performance,
reckless decision, aggressive)
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Situational Stressor
Violence:
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD):
Disabling condition; fro personally experiencing anevent that involves actual/ threatened deathh/serious
injury/witnessing something.
Symptoms: recurring and disturbing memories, terrible
nightmares, intense fear and anxiety
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Conflicts
Feeling of having to choose between 2 or more
incompatible options.
1. Approach (+) Approach (+) = both option ispleasurable
2. Avoidance (-) Avoidance (-) = both options are not so
good3. Approach (+) Avoidance (-) = single option having
both pleasurable and disagreeable outcome.
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Styles of Dealing with Conflict
avoidance : avoid facing the problem
accommodation : give in to conflict to avoiddiscrepancies
domination : do everything to win
compromise : manipulate and misrepresent to end
conflict
integration : finding the best possible solution for all- beopen and emphasize similarities.
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TYPES OF STRESS
Distress
negative stress brought about by changes oralterations in an individuals life.
anxiety, severe trauma or mental sufferingresulting from exhaustion or an accident.
Acute stress: short-term and caused by exposureto trauma, such as rape, robbery, combat or
natural disaster. Chronicstress: long-term stress that occurs
frequently and if not dealt with accordingly manyserious health problems may develop
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PERSONALITY & SOCIAL FACTORS
Hardiness: Personality traits (control, commitment, challenge)
that protect us from harmful effect of stressfulsituation and reduced the development of
psychosomatic illness.
Optimism:
Stable personality traits that lead to believing andexpecting that good thing will happen.
Pessimism:
Stable personality trait that lead to believing andexpecting that bad thing will happen
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LOCUS OF CONTROL
Internal locus of control :
A belief that you are basically in control of lifeevent and what you do influence the situation
(you are in charge)
External locus of control:
A belief that chances and luck determine whathappen and that you have not much influence inlife (you are being control)
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Social Support
Three factors
Having a group or network of family or friend who
provide strong social attachment Being able to exchange helpful resources among
family and friend
and feeling or making appraisal that we have
support.
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Kinds of Coping
Problem focused coping : Try to decrease stress by solving the problem through
seeking information , changing our own behavior ortaking whatever action is needed to resolvedifficulties.
Emotion focused coping:
We do things that primarily to deal with our
emotional distress, such as seekingsupport and sympathy or avoiding or denying
the situation.
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Stress Management Program
Uses variety of strategies to reduce anxiety, fear and
stressful experience by changing three different
aspect of lives:
Thought (appraisal)
Behavior
Physiological responses
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Changing Thoughts
Use challenge appraisals
Substitute positive self-statements
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Changing Behaviours
Emotion-focused coping; in short term serves to
reduce stress by decreasing negative emotion
feelings.
Problem-focused coping ; better for long run
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Learning to Relax
Biofeedback
Voluntarily learning to control physiologicalresponses by recording and displaying responses
Progressive Relaxation
Practicing tensing and relaxing the major musclegroup until able to relax any muscle at will
Transcendental Meditation / yoga Removing all worrisome/ stressful thoughts and
replacing them with peaceful ones.
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