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Page 1Powerpoint Templates

Risa Herlianita

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Kejadian kehidupan sehari-hari yg tdk dpt dipisahkan

(Davis, dkk)

Respon tubuh yg tdk spesifk thd setiap kebutuhan ygterganggu (Hans Selye)

Feno ena universal, setiap org akan engala i !e berikan da pak s"r total pd individu (fsik, e osi,intelektual, sosial ! spiritual) (Ko#ier)

Sti ulus, respon ! transaksi individu

S$R%SS%&ek 'ositi& %&ek egati&

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Ditinjau daripenyebabnya stressdibagi *+ Stress Fisik (te peraturtinggi)Stress Ki ia.i (obat-

obatan, ra"un)

/ Stress 0ikrobiologik(virus, bakteri)

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1 Stress Fisiologik (gangguan &ungsiorgan)

2 Stress proses pertu buhan danperke bangan(pubertas,perka.inan dan lanjutusia)

Stress psikis3e osional (gangguansituasi psikologis3adaptasi

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+ Stress bersu ber di dl diri4 u nya diakbtkan karenakeinginan ! kenyataan ygberbeda

Stress bersu ber dariasalah keluarga

5erupa perselisihan keluarga,asalah keuangan, tujuanberbeda

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/ Stress bersu ber di dlasyarakat ! lingkunganSu ber stress ini dpt tjd dilingkungan3 asyarakat sptlingkungan pekerjaan,kurangnya hubunganinterpersonal

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'engaruh respons terhadapstressor

+ Si&at stressor (tiba-tiba3berangsur-angsur)

Durasi stressor/ 6u lah stressor (sedikit3banyak)1 'engala an asa lalu (ke a puan

adapti&)

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2 $ipe kepribadian (tipe 735) $ipe 7*7 bisius, agresi&, ko petiti&, kurang sabar,dh tegang, dh tersinggung, dh arah,bi"ara "epat

$ipe 5* $dk agresi&, a bisi .ajar-.ajar, penyabar,senang, tdk dh arah, perilaku tdkinterakti&, lebih suka kerjasa a, dhbergaul

$ingkat 'erke bangan

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STRESSOR

KETIDAKSEIMBANGAN

ADAPTASI

PSIKOLOGIS FISIOLOGIS

DefenseMechanism

ProblemSolving L S ! S

INTERAKSIBIO PSIKO SOSIAL

SEMBUH/SEHATatau

SAKIT

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proses perubahan yg enyertai individudl berespons thd perubahan yg ada dilingkungan ! dpt e pengaruhikeutuhan tubuh baik s"r fsiologisaupun psikologis

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8 7daptasi s"r Fisiologis dibagi *7 9o"al 7daptation Syndro e (97S)

apabila kejadian3proses adaptasinyabersi&at lokal is* bl kulit terkena in&eksiakan tjd bengkak, ke erahan, nyeri pddaerah yg terkena

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5 :eneral 7daptation Syndro e(:7S)apabila reaksi lokal tdk dpt diatasik akan ti bul gangguan s"rsiste ik tubuh is* panas,berkeringat

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'roses 7daptasi*a. Fisiologis

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b 'sikologis

7 $ask ;riented Rea"tion0erupakan reaksi koping yg

digunakan utk engatasi asalahyg berorientasi pd pe e"ahanasalah ( eliputi 7&ekti&, Kogniti&,! 'siko otor)

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5 %go ;riented Rea"tionDikenal sbg reaksi ekanis epertahanan diri s"r psikologis agar tdkeni bulkan gangguan psikologis yglebih dl

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%go ;riented Rea"tion (lanjutan)

+ Rasionalisasi4saha enghindari asalah psikologis dge berikan alasan yg rasional, shgasalah dpt teratasi

Displa"e ent4saha engatasi asalah psikologis dgelakukan pe indahan tingkah laku pd

obyek lain

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/ Ko pensasi

4paya engatasi asalah dg "ara en"arikepuasan pd situasi yg lain1 'royeksi

0ekanis e pertahanan diri dgene patkan si&at batin sendiri pd batinorang lain, is* e be"i org lain ke udianengatakan org lain e ben"inya

2 Represi4paya engatasi asalah dg "ara

enghilangkan pikiran asa lalu yg burukdg elupakannya

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Supresi4paya engatasi asalah dg enekanasalah yg tdk diteri a dg sadar !individu tdk au e ikirkan hal-hal ygkurang enyenangkan

< Denial4paya pertahanan diri dg "arapenolakan thd asalah yg dihadapi3tdkau eneri a kenyataan ygdihadapinya

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" Sosial 5udaya

= 0erupakan "ara utk engadakanperubahan dg elakukan prosespenyesuaian perilaku yg sesuai dg nor ayg berlaku di asyarakat, berku pul dgasyarakat dl elakukan kegiatan

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d Spiritual

= 'roses penyesuaian diri dg elakukanperubahan perilaku yg didasarkan pdkeyakinan3 keper"ayaan yg di ilikinyasesuai dg aga a yg dianutnya 6kseseorang engala i stress k akangiat dl beribadah

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:angguan panik:angguan ke"e asan enyeluruh:angguan &obia

:angguan obsesi&-ko pulsi& :angguan stres akut dan gangguanstress pas"atrau a

:angguan ke"e asan diperngaruhi&aktor kogniti& dan &aktor biologis

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+ 'engaturan diet ! nutrisi8stirahat ! tidur

/ ;lahraga ! latihan teratur

1 5erhenti erokok2 $dk engkonsu siinu an keras

'engaturan berat badan< 'engaturan .aktu> $erapi psiko&ar aka? 'siko terapi+@ $erapi psikoreligius

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Ahen a person is eBperien"ing astressor, nurses do one or several o& the&ollo.ing*= 8denti&y the stressors

= 7ssess the "lientCs response to stress= %li inate or redu"e the stressors= 'revent additional stressors= 'ro ote the "lientCs physiologi"adaptive responses= Support the "lientCs psy"hologi"al"oping strategies= 7ssist in aintaining a net.ork o&so"ial support

= 8 ple ent stress red u"tion and stress

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Prevention takes place at three levels:

Primary prevention involves eliminating the potential forillness before it occurs. An example is teaching principles ofnutrition and methods to maintain normal weight and bloodpressure to adolescents.

Secondary prevention includes screening for risk factorsand providing a means for early diagnosis of disease. Anexample is regularly measuring the blood pressure of aclient with a family history of hypertension.

Tertiary prevention minimizes the conse uences of adisorder through aggressive rehabilitation or appropriatemanagement of the disease. An example is fre uentlyturning! positioning! and exercising a client who has had astroke to help restore functional ability.

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'roviding ade uate eBplanationsin understandable languageKeeping the "lient and &a ilyin&or ed,De onstrating "onfden"e andeBpertise .hen providingnursing "are

Re aining "al during "rises,being available to the "lient,responding pro ptly to the"lientCs signal &or assistan"e

%n"ouraging &a ily intera"tion,

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S"ress#Managemen" $echni%&es

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