Strengthening PRIs through Water Quality and Sanitary Surveillance

A Case Study of Nanital District, Uttarakhand

Dr. ANIL KUMAR MISHRA Consultant

Key Resource Center, WATSANNational Institute of Administrative Research ,LBSNAA ,Mussoorie ,India

amishra12@yahoo.com

COMMUNITY –LED ACTION FOR WATER SAFTY & ENVIRONMENT SANITATION

(CLAWSES)

A water quality programe with community post-achievement reward scheme, piloted in DHARI Block of Nainital District, Uttarakhand province of India.

COMMUNITY –LED ACTION FOR WATER SAFTY & ENVIRONMENT SANITATION

(CLAWSES)

CLAWSES is an Inter Personal Communication based innovative approach to promote community involvement in National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance Program

OBJECTIVES

To develop participatory community water quality monitoring

To facilitate community analysis of all drinking water sources

To trigger collective realization of water source risks

To bring awareness of water treatment, handling, usage and management practices

CLAWSES: Methodology

Introduction & rapport building

Mapping (“3 D”) Drinking water sources, Defecation practices and Calculation of shit and expenses on diseases (medical expenses on water borne)

Demonstrations (Sanitary Survey, H2S vials and FTK)

Sanitary survey and Bacteriological testing of all drinking water sources

Sharing of results and development of remedial action plan

Facilitators follow up visit

Follow up visit include facilitating collection of O & M funds for Water Quality Monitoring System

LINKAGES

CLAWSES

School Teacher/

Govt. official/

Elected Local Leader

HEALTH VWSC

COMMUNITY

OUTCOMES OF CLAWSES

Communities in 32 of 35 GPs assessed the risks with a sanitary survey and tested all 341 water sources for water quality

14 of 32 GPs repeated H2S tests during monsoon

7 GPs undertook water testing a third time

10 GPs self-declared open defecation free status

In communities facing water scarcity, children began bringing water to use in school toilet

OUTCOMES OF CLAWSES Conti…

Communities survey and bacteriological test all water sources

Reward creates competition among communities

CLAWSES empowers communities to tackle poor water quality and open defecation

Awareness increases on water borne diseases and source protection.

Health and dignity become primary

Financial issues become secondary

Natural leaders emerge during the

CLAWSES process to lead change

OUTCOMES OF CLAWSES Conti…

After CLAWSES, village solidarity increases

Follow-up with natural leaders is critical

Self-motivated villagers can facilitate CLAWSES

32 of 35 GPs have formed committees

Every family in 32 of 35 GPs is contributing Rs 5 per month for O&M.

Communities are ensuring sustainability without external support

Results of CLAWSES are encouraging and could be replicated

Gram Panchayat-wise information of water sources with their risk levels as per sanitary surveys conducted during February-July 2009 by respective communities in Gram Panchayats of Blocks Dhari, Uttarakhand, India

S.N. Gram Panchayat No. of Water Sources

Risk of water sources based on Sanitary Survey

No. of water sample found unsafe for drinking in 1st time testing

No. of water samples found unsafe for drinking in 2nd time testing

Very High

High Medium Low

No. No. No. No. No. No. No.

1. Dinni Malli 10 - 1 4 5 7 1

2. Gunialake 4 - - 1 3 3 -

3. Majuli 6 - 1 3 2 4 -

4. Saliakot malia 9 - 1 5 3 2 -

5. Jalnilpahri 6 - - 2 4 4 -

6. Silalake 12 - 2 8 2 5 1

7. Devnagar 45 - 8 24 13 32 1

8. Sunkia 8 - 1 3 4 5 1

9. Parvada 10 0 0 0 - 6 2

10. Kaul 9 - - - 9 5 -

11. Sakdina 14 - 2 3 9 6 -

12. Saliakot talla 5 - 1 2 2 4 -

13. Maghera 10 - 3 3 4 2 3

15. Latfoda 5 - - 2 3 2 -

16. Buranshi 5 - - 2 3 2 -

17. Dudli 8 - - 6 2 3 -

18. Babyad 11 - 2 4 5

19. Aghria 9 - 1 3 5

20. Panyali 9 - - 3 6

21. Harinagar Aksoda

10 - 1 4 5

22. Budibana 17 2 - 3 12

23. Dhanachulli 16 - 6 10 -

24. Sasbani 6 - 5 - 1

25. Managher 15 4 1 10 -

26. Kokilbana 4 - 1 2 1 1 -

27. Sunderkhal 21 - 3 14 4 4 1

28. Gajjar 5 1 1 1 2 2 -

29. Chakhuta 9 - 2 2 5 5 -

30. Aksoda 17 - 1 5 11 14 -

31. Dinitalla 5 - - - - 3 -

32. Sarna 8 - - 6 2 5 =

Total 341 7 45 143 131 182 16

Evaluation Criteria GPs are invited to apply for a performance –

based reward. Qualifying GPs plead their case to evaluation committees.

Evaluation Committee then visits and score short listed GPs physically verifying and evaluating outcomes on a 100 point scale.

Evaluation Criteria includes chemical testing of water sources, save usage & handling of water, personal hygiene and hand washing, solid waste management, elimination of OD, communities contribution etc.

Evaluation of shortlisted GPs by the evaluation team (7-21 December 2009)

Marks obtained by the GPs are given in the tableS.N. Name of shortlisted GP Marks obtained against maximum marks of 100

1. Sunderkhal 86

2. Devnagar 79

3. Sasbani 75

4. Managher 72

5. Guniallake 58

6. Dhanachuli 54

7. Mehtoliagaon 48

8. Kokilbana 44

9. Budibana 45

10. Parvada 44

11. Majuli 41

12. Maghera 37

13. Dudli 30

14. Dini tali 36

15. Babiyad 44

Rewards After evaluation four prizes was distributed

among the top performing four GPs.

Ist Prize - Rs. 70,000/-

IInd Prize - Rs. 60,000/-

IIIrd Prize - Rs. 50,000/-

IVth Prize - Rs. 20,000/-

Highlights of the ProgramCommunity Empowerment: Community are

able to conduct Sanitary Survey and bacteriological testing of water sources (using the H2S vials, on their own.

Competitive Spirit Building: Launch of reward scheme creates a spirit of competition among members of local self-government to institutionalize water quality surveillance in villages

Enhanced community level governance: CLAWSES methodology is empowering process that helps communities tackle issues of poor water quality and open defecation

Increased Awareness Level: Villages awareness level increases on water born disease and water source protection

Acknowledgement

World Bank India, DDWS Government of India, District Project Management Unit Bhimtal, Knowledge Links, UNICEF – India,

Director, UAOA, Nanital

Deputy Director ((Training) UAOA, Nanital

Director PMU, Swajal Project, Dehradun

Thanks