Strategy 2020: Working for an Asia and Pacific Free of ... · qñaM 2007....

yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 Rkbx½NÐyuT§sa®sþry³eBlEvg

rbs;FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI qñaM 2008-2020

FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI

© 2008 FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI

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FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI yuT§sa®sþ qñaM 2020³ Rkbx½NÐyuT§sa®sþry³eBlEvgrbs;FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI qñaM 2008-2020 Mandaluyong City, Philippines: FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI 2008

1>Rkbx½NÐyuT§sa®sþ I. FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI

FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI elIkTwkcitþkñúgkare)aHBum< b¤ftcmøgB½t’mansRmab;EtkareRbIR)as;pÞal;xøÜn nigminEmnsMrab;eFVIBaNiCökmμ ehIy RtUvmankarTTYlsÁal;RtwmRtUvBI ADB. GñkeRbIR)as; minGnuBaØat[lk; nigEckcaybnþ b¤cmøgÉksarsMrab;eFVIBaNiCökm μ edayKμan karyl;RBmCalaylkçN_GkSrBI ADB eLIy.

Baküfa :RbeTs : EdleRbIkñúgGtßbTrbs; ADB eyageTAelIRbeTsCasmaCikrbs;xøÜn ehIyminqøúHbBa©aMgBITsSn³NamYyrbs; ADB cMeBaHGFibetyüPaB b¤ÉkraCüPaBrbs;RbeTsCasmaCikxøÜneLIy.

6 ADB Avenue Mandaluyong City 1550 Metro Manila Philippines Tel: +63 632 4444 Fax: +63 636 4444 Website: www.adb.org

edIm,ITTYl)anÉksar sUmTak;Tg ³ naykdæanTMnak;TMngEpñkxageRkA Fax: +63 2 636 2648 E-mail: [email protected]

enAkñúgRbeTsCasmaCikMBugGPivDÆn_epSg²Kñarbs; ADB bJsSI manbgáb;Gtßn½yviCömanCaeRcIn. enATUTaMgtMbn;GasuI-)a:suIhVik bJsSI tMNag[mitþPaB samKÁIPaB nigPaBbt;Ebn)an. dUecñHehIy bJsSI RtUv)anbgðajkñúgrUbPaBCaCeNþIrenAelIRkbesovePAén yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 BIeRBaH RbeTskñúgtMbn;GacTajykGtßn½yTaMgenHmkeRbIR)as;enAeBlEdlxøÜneLIgCeNþIrsMrab;eFVIkarGPivDÆ esdækic©kñúgPaBCaédKUCamYy ADB.

cMeBaH ADB bJsSI k¾CanimitþsBaØaénkarebþCJacitþpgEdrcMeBaHbrisßan RBmTaMg bJsKl;d¾eRCArbs;xøÜnenAkñúgtMbn;GasuI-)a:suIhVik.

GarmÖkfa yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 KWCalT§plénkarBieRKaHeyabl;d¾TUlMTUlaymYyEdl)aneFVIeLIgCamYyRbeTs CasmaCikcMnYn 67 . yuT§sa®sþenH seRmc)annUveKaledAénkarbegáIttYnaTI nigTisedAyuT§sa®sþd¾c,as;las; rbs;FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasIu ¬ADB¦ eq<aHeTAkan;qñaM 2020. yuT§sa®sþenH k¾)ankMNt;eKaledArbs;sßab½neyIg d¾rwgmaMedIm,IbMeBjnUvckçúvis½ysþIGMBItMbn;GasuI-)a:suIhVik K μanPaBRkIRk EdlCackçúvis½ymYyGackøayeTACakar BitenAqñaM 2020. Epnkarry³eBlEvgrbs;eyIg)antRmg;pøÚv ADB [køayCasßab½nmYyEdlmanRbsiT§PaB bEnßmeTot nigEp¥kelIlT§plCasMxan;. edaymanyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 ADB eRtomxøÜnCaeRscedIm,IbnþdMeNIrkareTAmux. mankic©karCaeRcIneTot EdlRtUveFVI ehIyeyIg)anebþCJaeFVIkargarTaMgenaHedIm,Ipøas;bþÚr. eRkamyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 eyIgnwgepþatkar ykcitþTukdak;rbs;eyIgeLIgvijeTAelIkmμviFIyuT§sa®sþsMxan;bIkñúgtMbn;³ kMeNInesdækic©cRmuH kMeNInRbkb edaynirnþrPaBbrisßan nigkareFVIsmahrNkmμkñúgtMbn;. eyIgnwgkMNt;tYnaTIrbs;eyIg[manlkçN³CayuT§- sa®sþbEnßmeTotkñúgPaBCaédKU nigPaBCaPñak;garsRmab;eFVIkarpøas;bþÚr edayelIkkm<s;karGPivDÆvis½yÉkCn GPi)alkic©l¥ smFm’eynD½r dMeNaHRsaycMeNHdwg nigPaBCaédKU. eyIgnwgepþatkarykcitþTukdak;eLIgvijeTA elIRbtibtþikarkñúgvis½yEdleyIgman]tþmPaB kñúgxN³eBlEdlkMBugdak;ecjjnUvédKUPaBfμI²edIm,IbegáInbNþaj shhirBaØb,Tan nigEckrMElkcMeNHdwg. eyIgk¾nwgeFVIkarKNnanUvtRmUvkarFnFan nigekogKrmUlniFipgEdr RsbeBlEdlkMBugeFVIkarFananUvRbsiT§PaBénRbtibtþikar. EpnkarsRmab;elIkkm<s;FnFanmnusS nigCMnajcRmuH rbs;eyIgkMBugEtdMeNIrkar kñúgxN³eBlEdleyIgkMBugEteFVIkarRbwgERbgbEnßmeTot edIm,Ikat;bnßykarcMNay kñúgkareFVIBaNiCökmμCamYyeyIg edayrkSanUvkarkarBarbrisßan nigsgÁm. Parkic©enAcMeBaHmuxeyIgmanPaBsVitsVajxøaMgkøaEfmeTot k¾bu:EnþeyIgmankartaMgcitþkñúgkarcab;epþImeFVIkarEk sRmYlEpñksßab½n nigRbtibtþikarrbs;eyIgrhUtdl;qñaM 2020. tMbn;GasuI-)a:suIhVik kMBugEtmankarpøas;bþÚry:ag xøaMg ehIy ADB RtUvEtrkSakare)aHCMhaneTAmux nigsRmbxøÜnÉgeTAtamesckþIcaM)ac; nigtRmUvkarfμ I²rbs; bNþaRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_CasmaCik. sBVéf¶enH eyIgmanEpnkarry³eBlEvgd¾smRsbmYyedIm,IeFVIkargarTaMg enH. dUecñHehIy xMJúmanesckþIrIkrayNas;nwgbgðajCUnnUvyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 dl;édKUGPivDÆn_rbs;eyIgenACuMvij BiPBelak edaysgÇwmfa GñkTaMgGs;KñanwgcUlrYmCamYyeyIgenAkñúgyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 edIm,IseRmc[)an nUvTsSnvis½yrbs;eyIg sþIGMBItMbn;GasuI-)a:suIhVik K μanPaBRkIRk. Haruhiko Kuroda

RbFan FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI

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ADB - FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI ADF - mUlniFiGPivDÆn_GasuI DMC - RbeTssmaCikkMBugGPivDÆn_ GDP - plitplkñúgRsuksrub LTSF I - Rkbx½NÐyuT§sa®sþry³eBlEvg sRmab;qñaM 2001-2015 MDG - eKaledAGPivDÆn_shvtSr_ MIC - RbeTsEdlmanR)ak;cMNUlkNþal NGO - GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al OCR - RbPBFnFanFmμta PPP - smPaBkmøaMgTij RCI - kic©shRbtibtþikar nigkareFVIsmahrNkm μkñúgtMbn; SME - shRKasxñattUc nigmFüm TA - CMnYybec©keTs

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RkumkargaryuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 GKÁnayk K.Sakai naykdæan yuT§sa®sþ nig eKalneya)ay (SPD) RbFanRkum C.W. MacCormac naykCan;x<s; EpñkEpnkaryuT§sa®sþ eKalneya)ay nigTMnak;TMngGnþrTIPñak;gar rbs; SPD smaCikRkum S. Hattori GñkCMnajCan;x<s;EpñkEpnkar nigeKalneya)ay rbs; SPD M. Senapaty Gñkesdækic©Epnkar nigeKalneya)ayCan;x<s; rbs; SPD V. B. Tulasidhar Gñkesdækic©Can;x<s; ¬kic©shRbtibtþikarkñúgtMbn;¦ naykdæanGasuIxagekIt L. Sillorequez CMnYykarrdæ)al rbs; SPD V. Pacardo TIRbwkSakñúgRsuk rbs; SPD

KN³kmμaFikarnayk K. Sakai RbFan I. Ali RbFanesdæviTU naykdæanesdækic© nigRsavRCav S. Bajpai elxaFika kariyal½yelxaFikar M. Kashiwagi hirBaØik naykdæanrtnaKa M. Kawai RBwT§burs viTüasßanFnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI J. W. Lee RbFan kariyal½ysmahrNkmμesdækic©kñúgtMbn; J. Miranda GKÁnayk naykdæanGasuIkNþal nigxaglic H. S. Rao GKÁnayk naykdæanGasuIxagekIt

X. Yao GKÁnayksþITI GKÁnaykdæanGPivDÆn_tMbn; nigRbkbedaynirnþrPaB

matika esckIþIsegçb.....................................................................................................................................

I> esckþIepþIm ..................................................................................................................................1

II> karEkERbtMbn;GasuI-)a:suIhVik ........................................................................................................ 3

karEkERbtMbn; nigrcnasm<½n§CMnYy ................................................................................................. 3

bBaðaRbQmxagmux ..................................................................................................................... 4

III> TsSnvis½y nigkmμviFIyuT§sa®sþþ.................................................................................................13

IV> édKU nigPñak;garsRmab;eFVIkarpøas;bþÚr............................................................................................16

ktþaCMrujnUvkarpøas;bþÚr ................................................................................................................16

RbeTsCaédKUGPivDÆ ..................................................................................................................20

vis½yRbtibtþikarsñÚl.................................................................................................................23

vis½yRbtibtþikarnana ................................................................................................................ 27

V> eKaledA nigskmμPaBkargar ..................................................................................................... 30

karpøas;bþÚrrbs; ADB eq<aHeTAqñaM 2020 ³ eKaledARbtibtþi ............................................................ 30

karpøas;bþÚrrbs; ADB eq<aHeTAqñaM 2020³ eKaledAsßab½n ................................................................33

karRKb;RKgelIkarGnuvtþyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020³ Rkbx½NÐlT§plrbs; ADB .......................................... 35

kareRbIR)as;Rkbx½NÐlT§pl.......................................................................................................37

CMhanbnÞab;............................................................................................................................. 38

VI> karpþl;FnFansRmab;dMeNIrkaryuT§sa®sþ .................................................................................... 39

VII> esckþIsnñidæan.........................................................................................................................41

]bsm<½n§TI 1 ³ esckþIsegçbsþIGMBIkarGPivDÆtMbn;GasuI-)a:suIhVik.............................................................42

]bsm<½n§TI 2 ³ rcnasm<½n§énRkbx½NÐlT§plrbs;FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI ....................................................46

esckþIsegçb

kMeNInesdækic©d¾elOnenAtMbn;GasuI )a:suIhVik nigkarpøas;bþÚrd¾sMxan;² enAkñúgRTg;RTayGPivDÆn_ CMnYy nighirBaØvtßú )anbegáItnUvtRmUvkar nigkalanuvtþPaBsMrab;FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI ¬ADB¦ edIm,IerobcMkMNt;TisedAyuT§sa®sþ fμ ImYy. Rkbx½NÐyuT§sa®sþfμ Iry³eBlEvgsRmab;qñaM 2008-2020 ¬yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020¦ nwgkøayCaÉksar EpnkarrYmTUlMTUlaymYyrbs; ADB ehIypþl;[ ADB nUvtYnaTIEdlmankarBak;B½n§ nigkarécñRbDitmYybEnßm eTot enAkñúgkarerobcMGnaKtrbs;tMbn;. yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 nwgmkCMnYsRkbx½NÐyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2001-2015.

RtwmqñaM 2020 tMbn;GasuI nig)a:suIhVik GacQaneq<aHeTAkan;kRmiténkarGPivDÆesdækic©x<s;Cagmun. eTaHbICa y:agNak¾eday enAeBlEdlkMeNInbnþekIneLIg vaGacbegáInkarlM)akEfmeTotcMeBaHGñkTaMgLayNaEdlmin)an TTYlplRbeyaCn_BIkMeNInTaMgenH. PaBlMeGogénKmøat Gacnwgkan;EtFMenAkñúgbNþaRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_Edl CasmaCik ¬DMCs¦rbs; ADB. PaBlMeGogenH nigtémøbrisßanEdlkMBugEtekIneLIg Gaccab;epþImKMramkMEhg elInirnþrPaBénkarGPivDÆn_rbs;RbeTsTaMgenaH. CMBUkTI2énÉksarenH nwgGFib,ayGMBIkarpøas;bþÚrrUbragrbs; tMbn; nigbBaðaRbQmxagmux . CMBUkTI 3 nigCMBUkTI 4 nwgBiPakSaGMBITisedAyuT§sa®sþf μ I EdlnwgGac[ ADB edaHRsaybBaðaRbQmTaMg enaH. eRkamyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 ADB nwgpøas;bþÚrxøÜnÉgedIm,IeqøIytbeTAnwgbBaðaRbQmnana edayenAEtrkSa karebþCJacitþcMeBaHkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk EdlCaeKaledAd¾cm,grbs;xøÜntaMgBIqñaM 1999. ckçúvis½yrYmrbs; ADB eRkamyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 nwgnUvEtbnþ {tMbn;GasuI-)a:suIhVik KμanPaBRkIRk} ehIyebskkmμrbs;xøÜn nwgCYy DMCs kñúgkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk nigEklm¥sßanPaBrs;enA nigKuNPaBCIvitrbs;RbCaCn. ADB nwgseRmc[)annUvckçúvis½y nigebskkm μrbs;xøÜn edayepþateTAelIkm μviFIyuT§sa®sþbMeBj bEnßmcMnYnbIKW kMeNIncRmuH kMeNInRbkbedaynirnþrPaBbrisßan nigkareFVIsmahrNkm μkñúgtMbn;. edIm,IekogKr RbPBFnFan[)ankan;EtRbesIreLIg rYmTaMgkarsnSM niglMhUrcUlénmUlFn nigedIm,ITTYl)annUvlT§pl CaGtibrmaBIbTBiesaFn_d¾viessvisalkñúgtMbn; nig]tþmPaBrbs;xøÜnenAkñúgRkbx½NÐvivtþn_énrcnasm<½n§CMnYy ADB nwgepþateTAelIktþaCMrujénkarpøas;bþÚrR)aMKW ¬1¦ karGPivDÆn_ nigRbtibtþikarrbs;vis½yÉkCn ¬2¦ GPi)al kic©l¥ nigkarGPivDÆsmtßPaB ¬3¦ smFm’eynD½r ¬4¦ dMeNaHRsaycMeNHdwg nig ¬5¦ édKUPaB. ADB k¾nwgepþatkarykcitþTukdak;eLIgvijpgEdrcMeBaHkic©RbtibtþikarelIvis½yÉkeTssñÚlcMnYnR)aM Edl RTRTg;kmμviFIrbs;xøÜn qøúHbBa©aMgtRmUvkarrbs; DMCs nig]tþmPaBrbs; ADB nigkic©RbwgERbgEdlCYybMeBj bEnßmedayédKUGPivDÆn_dUcCa ³ ¬1¦ehdæarcnasm<½n§ ¬2¦ brisßan rYmTaMg bERbbRmYlGakasFatu ¬3¦ kic©- shRbtibtþikar nigkareFVIsmahrNkmμkñúgtMbn; ¬4¦ karGPivDÆEpñkhirBaØvtßú nig ¬5¦karGb;rM . enAkñúgvis½y

epSg²eTot ADB nwgbnþkic©RbtibtþikarNaEdl)aneRCIserIsEtb:ueNÑaH edayshkary:agCitsñiT§CamYyTIPñak;gar déTeTot. CMBUkTI 5 nwgGtßaFib,ayGMBIeKaledARbtibtþikar nigsßab½n eRkamyuT§sa®sþ qñaM2020 rYmman Epnkarrbs; ADB edIm,I ³ ¬1¦ man 80° énkic©Rbtibtþikarrbs;xøÜnenAkñúgvis½yRbtibtþikarsñÚlfμ IRtwmqñaM 2012 ¬2¦ begáIn karGPivDÆ nigkic©Rbtibtþikarvis½yÉkCnenARKb;vis½yRbtibtþikarTaMgGs;[)an 50° énRbtibtþikarRbcaMqñaM Rtwm qñaM 2020 ¬3¦ begáInkarKaMRTelIkarGPivDÆRbkbedaynirnþrPaBbrisßan rYmTaMgKeRmagnana RtUvkat;bnßykar beBa©j]s μ ½nkabUnDIGuksuIt nigedaHRsaybBaðabERmbRmYlGakasFatu nig ¬4¦ begáInkic©Rbtibtþikarvis½yÉkCn nigvis½ysaFarN³ enAfñak;tMbn; nigGnutMbn; [)any:agtic 30° énskmμPaBTaMgGs; RtwmqñaM 2020. yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 k¾nwgtRmUv[mankarpøas;bþÚrEpñksßab½npgEdr. yuT§sa®sþenH nwgbegáIteLIgvijnUvkar tP¢ab;KñakñúgRkbx½NÐRbtibtþieKaleya)ayTaMgmUlrbs; ADB . karGnuvtþyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 nwgmanPaBcaM)ac; kñúgkarpøas;bþÚrkñúgCMnajcRmuHénFnFanmnusSrbs; ADB EdltRmUv[mankarGnuvtþ[)anl¥bMputkñúgkareRCIserIs nigkarEfrkSaTukbuKÁlik. ADB k¾nwgEktRmUvrcnasm<½n§GgÁPaBrbs;xøÜnpgEdr edIm,IeqøIytbeTAnwgkarBRgIk skmμPaB nigesvakmμfμ I² CaBiess enAkñúgEpñkRbtibtþikarvis½yÉkCn esvahirBaØvtßú karRKb;RKgcMeNHdwg nigkic©RbtibtþikarEpñkbrisßan.

eRkamyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 fñak;dwknaMrbs; ADB nwgGegáttamdan nigraykarN_GMBIRbsiT§PaBkargarrbs;xøÜn edayeRbIR)as;Rkbx½NÐlT§plfμ I CamYynwgviFankarsMxan;²cMnYnbYnKW ³

(i) lT§pltMbn;³ nwgRtUveFVIkarvaytémøelIskmμPaBGPivDÆn_TUeTArbs;tMbn; tamry³eKaledAGPivDÆn__- shvtSr_ (MDGs) nigsUcnakrnana.

(ii) karrYmcMENkcMeBaHlT§plRbcaMRbeTs³ nwgcab;yktYnaTIrbs; ADB enAkñúgvis½yÉkeTssñÚlTaMgR)aM rbs;xøÜn.

(iii) RbsiT§PaBénkic©Rbtibtþikar³ nwgyksUcnakrEdleRbIR)as;edayFnaKarGPivDÆBhuPaKIPaKeRcIn sRmab;skmμPaBkargarrbs; ADB nig

(iv) RbsiT§PaBrbs;GgÁPaB³ nwgepþatelIskmμPaBkargarenAkñúgvis½yCaKnwøHnana. CMBUkTI 6 nwgBiPakSaGMBIkarvinieyaKTunEdltRmUv[mankaredaHRsaybBaðaRbQmcMeBaHkarGPivDÆsMxan;² xagmux nigtRmUvkarsMrab; ADB [manFnFanRKb;RKan;CalkçN³sm,Tan nigminsm,Tan edIm,IKaMRTnUvtYnaTInaM muxrbs;xøÜnCaédKUGPivDÆn_hirBaØvtßúenAkñúgtMbn;.

tamry³yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 ADB nwgrYmcMENkEklm¥suxmalPaBsgÁmTaMgkñúgtMbn; nigelIBiPBelak. kar bBa©b;PaBRkIRkenAkñúgtMbn;GasuI-)a:suIhVik nwgkøayeTACasmiT§plCaRbvtþisa®sþmYy ehIyvamansar³sMxan;Nas; edIm,IseRmc[)annUveKaledAGPivDÆn_shstSr_Caskl. karbegáItTIpSaresdækic©TUTaMgtMbn; nwgCYyeFVIsuxdum- nIykmμkMeNInkñúgcMeNamRbeTs DMCs ehIynwgpþl;plRbeyaCn_dl;esdækic©BiPBelakTaMgmUl tamry³kar BRgIkBaNiC¢kmμ nigkarvinieyaKTun. kareFVITMenIbkmμvis½yhirBaØvtßúkñúgtMbn; nwgCYy[RbeTs DMCs manPaB m©as;karxøÜnÉgkñúgkarpþl;hirBaØb,TancMeBaHkarGPivDÆrbs;xøÜn ehIyrYmcMENkdl;esßrPaBhirBaØvtßúBiPBelak. karsRmbsRmYleKalneya)ay nigesdækic©kñúgtMbn;)anTUlMTUlay nigkaeelIkkMBs;GPi)alkic© enAkñúgsßanPaB d¾puyRsYy nwgCYysRmYlesßrPaBkñúgtMbn; ehIyCYyCRmuj[mankarcUlrYmTaMgkñúg nigeRkAtMbn; TaMgvis½ysaFarN³ nigvis½yÉkCn. karrIkceRmInd¾KYr[kt;smÁal;elIRbsiT§plfamBl nigviFankarnana edIm,IedaHRsay bBaðabERmbRmYlGakasFatuenATUTaMgtMbn;GasuI )a:suIhVik nwgbegáIt)anCalT§plviC¢man Edl\T§iBlrbs;va nwgpþl;plRbeyaCn_qøgtMbn; nigmnusSCMnan;eRkay.

1

I> esckþIepþIm

karpøas;bþÚrKWCacMNucd¾sMxan;énbTBiesaFn_rbs;FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI (ADB). eTaHCay:agNak¾eday kareRtom xÜønrbs; ADB edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaRbQmf μ I² karTTYlykkalanuvtþPaBf μ I² nigkareFVIdMeNIreGayRsbTisedAfμ I kRmmanPaBCab;Bak;B½n§eRcIndUcenAkñúgTsvtSr_TImYyénstvtSr_fμ IenHNas;. kMeNInenAkñúgtMbn;manelIsBIkar rMBwgTukya:geRcIn EdlRkbx½NÐyuT§sa®sþry³eBlEvg qñaM 2001-2015 (LTSF I)

1 )anBüakrN_TukkalBIR)aMBI

qñaMknøgeTA. esdækic©)anpøas;bþÚr bTBiesaFn_CaeRcIn)anTTYl ehIyrcnasm<½n§CMnYy nighirBaØvtßú RtUv)anerobcM eLIgvij. CamYynwgkarpøas;bþÚrd¾FMeFgkMBugsßitenAxagmuxeyIg ADB RtUvkaryuT§sa®sþfμ ImYyedIm,InaMpøÚvsßab½nxøÜn eq<aHeTAkan;tMbn;GasuIfμ I qñaM 2020. ADB RtUvEteFVIkarseRmccitþ nigerobcMGnaKtrbs;tMbn; nigmuxgarrbs;xøÜn enAkñúgtMbn;enH.

LTSF I RtUv)anbegáIteLIgedayEp¥kelIkaryl;dwgmYyEpñkBIvibtþihirBaØvtßúGasuI EdlekIteLIgenAqñaM 1997 KW CaeBlEdlRbCaCnCaeRcIn EdlmanCIvPaBegIbputBIExSbnÞat;énPaBRkIRk )anRtLb;eTAeRkamExSbnÞat;én PaBRkIRkvij. dUecñH LTSFI )anepþatkarykcitþTukdak;eTAelIGñkRkIRkbMputkñúgcMeNamGñkRkIRkTaMgLay. esdækic© kñúgtMbn;minRKan;EtsÞúHeLIgvijeT EtEfmTaMg)anlUtlas;kñúgCMhanmYyy:agGs©arü ehIy)anelIksÞÜyCIvPaB RbCaCnCaeRcInCagkarrMBwgTuk [manR)ak;cMNUlelIsBI 1 duløa EdlCabnÞat;énPaBRkIRk2. eTaHbICay:agNa k¾eday sBVéf¶enH enAmanRbCaCnCaeRcIn EdlmanlT§PaBtictYc b¤minmanlT§PaBTTYlplRbeyaCn_ BIkarrIkceRmInénesdækic©enHeT. KMlatR)ak;cMNUl nigkRmitCIvPaBenAkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ (DMCs) )an ekIneLIgya:gelOn nigFMCagmun ehIyKYr[RBYy)armÖCagkarrMBwgTukrbs; LTSF I. kMeNInesdækic© eFVI[vinas hinehacdl;brisßan CMruj[mankar)at;FnFanFm μCati nigfamBlenAkñúgtMbn; nigbegáIndl;bERmbRmYl GakasFatuCaskl. eTaHbICavadac;edayELkEtÉg nigbUkrYmCamYybBaðadéTeTotk¾eday bBaðaTaMgenH nwgeFVI [Gnþraydl;kMeNInesdækic© ehIyGacsIueRcaHplcMeNjBIkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© nigkat;bnßyplRbeyaCn_nana enAeBlGnaKt. 1 ADB 2001 karrMkilrebobvar³kat;bnßyPaBRkIRkeq<aHeTAmux³ Rkbx½NÐyuT§sa®sþry³eBlEvgrbs;FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI ¬2001-2015¦ m:anIl . 2 rgVas;énPaBRkIRk Ep¥kelIExSbnÞat;énPaBRkIRkCalkçN³GnþrCati Rbkan;yknUvtémøBitR)akdénExSbnÞat;PaBRkIRk edayeRbobeFobrvag RbeTsCaeRcIn ehIyEdlsßitenAnwg. sþg;dar 1duløa kñúgmYyéf¶ Edl)ansÞabsÞg;enAqñaM 1985 nig)anEktRmUveTAtamrUbiyvtßúkñúgRsuk edayeRbIsmPaBkmøaMgTij (PPP) RtUv)aneRCIserIsedayr)aykarN_GPivDÆn_BiPBelak 1990³ PaBRkIRk rbs;FnaKarBiPBelak eRBaHvaCaRbePTénExSbnÞat;PaBRkIRkenAkñúgbNþaRbeTsEdlmanR)ak;cMNUlTab. karecjpSaydMbUgénsUcnakrGPivDÆn_BiPBelakeRbIR)as; PPP BItaragBiPBelak Penn. karecjpSayfμ I²enH eRbIR)as;kar)a:n;RbmaN PPP qñaM 1993 EdlbegáIteLIgedayFnaKarBiPBelak.

2

RsbeBlCamYyKñaenH RbsinebImankarTajykplRbeyaCn_[)aneBjeljBIkalanuvtþPaBfμ I²Edl)an begáIteLIg KWGacCYyedaHRsaybBaðaTaMgenH)an. ]TahrN_ RbsinebImankarKaMRT b¤karelIkTwkcitþ kmøaMgclkr eq<aHeTAkan;kic©shRbtibtþikar nigkareFVIsmahrNkmμkñúgtMbn; (RCI) GacCYyRTRTg; nigbegáInel,ÓnénkarGPivDÆ esdækic©. TIpSarmUlFnGnþrCatiEdlcab;keRmIkeLIgvijrYcCaeRscenAeBlmanGMeNaypl GacCYydl;karGPivDÆ hirBaØvtßú Edlpþl;plRbeyaCn_dl;RbCaCnTUeTA. karsnSMd¾FMenAkñúgtMbn; GacnwgykmkeRbIR)as;[kan;Etman RbsiT§PaBenAkñúgRbeTs DMCs. snÞúHd¾xøaMgkøarbs;vis½yÉkCn nwgpþl;nUvkalanuvtþPaBkan;EteRcInEfmeTotkñúg karGPivDÆesdækic©.

Rkbx½NÐyuT§sa®sþfμIsRmab;qñaM 2008-2020 ¬yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020¦ nwgcab;ykkalanuvtþPaBTaMgenH ehIy ebIkpøÚvfμI[ ADB Gnuvtþ]tþmPaBrbs;xøÜnenAkñúgrcnasm<½n§CMnYyGnþrCatiEdl)anvivtþn_taMgBI LTSF I mkemøH. yuT§sa®sþ qñaM 2020 k¾nwgCYybMeBjnUvtRmUvkarsMxan;epSg²eTotpgEdr. eTaHCaya:gNak¾eday karrIksaynUv ÉksaryuT§sa®sþenAkñúg ADB eBlxøHk¾GacbNþal[manplvi)akpgEdr dUcCa PaBRcMEdl PaBRtYtsuIKña nig PaBRcbUkRcbl; EdlbNþalmkBIkarkRmitkñúgkareFVIEpnkar karGnuvtþ nigzananuRkmyuT§sa®sþ 3 EdlmanPaB s¥itrmYtCab;Kña. ADB RtUvkarÉksaryuT§sa®sþd¾RbesIrbMputEdllatRtdagnUvTisedAyuT§sa®sþc,as;las; nig RsbKañ ehIyGacpþl;nUvRkbx½NÐsRmab;eFVIEpnkar nigpþl;hirBaØb,TancMeBaHRbtibtþikar karcat;Ecg nigdMeNIrkar skmμPaBrbs;xøÜn.

esckþIseRmccitþnanaEdlmankarBak;B½n§enAkñúgkarbegáItyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 )anekItmaneLIgbnÞab;BIman karBiPakSaKñaya:gl¥itl¥n;. RkumBiPakSaEdlmanbuKÁlsMxan;²)anbegáIteLIgenAEx mifuna qñaM 2006 edIm,Ivaytémø GMBIGnaKtrbs;tMbn; nigkarCH\T§iBleTAelItYnaTIrbs; ADB rhUtdl;qñaM 2020. r)aykarN_rbs;RkumBiPakSa4 Edl)andak;esñICUneTARbFanFnaKar naEx mIna qñaM 2007 KWCaEpñkd¾sMxan;mYyenARKb;karBiPakSaCabnþbnÞab; ehIyr)aykarN_enaH RtUv)aneFVIesckþIEføgkarN_eLIgedayRkumRbwkSaPi)al enAkñúgkic©RbCuMelIkTI 40 naEx ]sPa qñaM 2007. karBiPakSad¾TUlMTUlayCaeRcIn)aneFVIeLIgrvagRkumRbwkSanayk KN³RKb;RKg buKÁlik PaKI Bak;B½n§TaMgLay GñktMNag DMCs RBmTaMgvis½yÉkCn nigsgÁmsuIvilpgEdr. Gnusasn_enAkñúgyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 )anTTYlKuNRbeyaCn_BIkarsikSa karviPaK karvaytémø nigkarRsavRCavCaeRcIn Edl)anelIkeLIgfa ADB GacCYytMbn;kan;EtRbesIreLIg nigGacTTYl)anlT§plkan;EtFMeFgeLIg luHRtaEtxøÜnRtUvmankarpøas; bþÚrRbkbedaykarGPivDÆ. 3 ADB 2008³ karsikSavaytémøBiessénRkbx½NÐyuT§sa®sþry³eBlEvg ³ emeronBIkarGnuvtþn_ ¬2001-2006¦ m:anIl .

4 RkumbuKÁlsMxan;² 2007³ eq<aHeTArkFnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuIfμ IenAkñúgtMbn;GasuIfμ I m:anIl ³ ADB .

3

II. karEkERbtMbn;GasuI )a:suIhVik

karEkERbtMbn; nigrcnasm<½n§CMnYy

esdækic©kñúgtMbn; )anrIkduHdalkñúgCMhanmYyKYr[kt;sMKal; kñúgry³eBlBIrbITsvtSr_cugeRkayenH. kñúgTsvtSr_ qñaM 1980 nigqñaM 1990 plitplkñúgRsuksrubBitR)akdkñúgmñak; (GDP) )anekIneLIgCag 60° Caerogral;qñaMenAGasuI xagekIt nig 3° enAGasuIxagt,Úg xN³eBlEdltMbn;kMBugGPivDÆdéTeTotenAelIBiPBelakmin)anxitxMRbwgERbg kñúgkarbegáInR)ak;cMNUlkñúgmnusSmñak;²5rbs;xøÜnTal;EtesaH . kMeNIn GDP rbs;tMbn;)anekIneLIgmþgeTot BIqñaM 1999 dl;qñaM 2006 KWmanmFümPaK 6° kñúgmYyqñaM²cab;taMgBImanvibtiþhirBaØvtßúGasIu. karrYmcMENkénkarnaMecj enAtMbn;GasuI)aneLIgBI 16° enAkñúgTsvtSr_ qñaM 1980 mk 27° naeBlbc©úb,nñenH. tMbn;enHmanR)ak;bRmugeRcIn nigGRtasnSMx<s;CageKbMputenAelIBiPBelak. CamYynwgkarrIkceRmInénvis½yesdækic©EdlmannirnþrPaBkñúgtMbn;PaK eRcInenAGasuIenaH RbeTs DMCs rbs; ADB tMNag[esckþIsgÇwmd¾mutmaMbMputrbs;bNþaRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ edIm,I seRmc[)annUveKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_ (MDGs)

6.

kMeNInd¾qab;rh½s )aneFVI[mankarpøas;bþÚrCasarvnþenAkñúgtMbn; cab;taMgBI ADB )andak;ecjnUv LTSF I. tfPaB kñúgtMbn;fμIenH rYmman karekIneLIgnUvR)ak;cMNUlRBmCamYynwgPaBRkIRkxøaMg)anFøak;cuH lMhUrcUlmUlFnx<s; nigman nirnþrPaB shtßiPaB ¬enAkñúgtMbn;EdlxVHxatmUlFnkalBImun¦énGRtasnSMx<s;nigtRmUvkarminGacbMeBj)ansRmab; karvinieyaKTunsaFarN³nigÉkCn karrIkduHdalénBaNiCökmμnigkarvinieyaKkñúgtMbn; nigkarelIkkm<s;CMnaj RKb;RKgnigbec©kviTüarbs;RbCaCn. cMnYnRbCaCn)anekIneLIgy:agxøaMgenAtamTIRkug nigTIRbCMuCn. ehIyk¾mankar ekIneLIgy:agxøaMgpgEdr éncMnYnRbCaCnEdlmanCIvPaBfñak;kNþal7 EdlCaFnFansnSM nigcMNay. RtwmqñaM 2020 BaNiCökmμkñúgtMbn;GacmanTMhMesμ InwgmYyPaKbIénBaNiCökmμBiPBelak . cMENk GDP kñúgtMbn; KitCa R)ak;duløatMNag GacekIneLIgeTVdgrhUtdl;mYyPaKbYn b¤RbEhlCa 45° énsmPaBkmøaMgTij (PPP). R)ak;snSMrbs;tMbn; GacenAEtmancMnYneRcIndUcR)ak;bRmugbreTsrbs;xøÜnEdr. RbCaCnRbEhl 90° Gacnwg

5 FnaKarBiPBelak 2005³ r)aykarN_tamdanskl v:asuInetan DC. 6 eKaledAGPivDÆn_shvtSr_ KWCakRmgeKaledAR)aMbIbBa©ÚlKña EdlGacvas;Evg)an edIm,IeqøIytbeTAnwgbBaðaRbQmkñúgkarGPivDÆrbs; BiPBelak PaKeRcInRtwmqñaM 2015 edayeRbIbTdæan qñaM1990. eKaledATaMgR)aMbIman ¬1¦ lubbM)at;PaBRkIRkxøaMg nigPaBGt;Xøan ¬2¦seRmc[)annUvkarGb;rMbzmCaskl ¬3¦CRmujsmPaBeynD½r nigkarpþl;GMNacdl;®sþI ¬4¦kat;bnßymrNPaBkumar ¬5¦elIkkm<s; suxPaBmata ¬6¦ RbyuT§RbqaMgnwgemeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_ CMgWRKuncaj; nigCMgWepSg²eTot ¬7¦FananirnþrPaBbrisßan nig ¬8¦ksagPaB CaédKUkñúgkarGPivDÆ. sUcnakrnana k¾RtUv)anbgðaj edIm,Ivas;EvgkarrIkceRmInrbs;eKaledAnImYy²pgEdr. 7 ]TahrN_ RbCaCnfñak;kNþalenAsaFarN³rdæRbCamanitcin )anekIneLIg BI 65/5 lannak; eTA 80 lannak; kñúgqñaM 2007.

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kMBugrs;enAkñúgbNþaRbeTsEdl)anTTYlR)ak;cMNUlkNþal ehIyPaKeRcInsißtenAkñúgtMbn;FM² nigtMbn;TIRkug. PaBRkIRkxøaMgbMputGackat;bnßyenARtwm 2° éncMnYnRbCaCnsrubrbs; DMCs enAeBlEdlkarkat;bnßyPaB RkIRkxøaMgenH minTan;)anTTYleCaKC½yCasßaBr. TsSnvis½yenH CabnÞúky:agFMeFgmYycMeBaH ADB nigédKUGPivDÆn_rbs;xøÜnedIm,IseRmc[)annUveKaledArYm enAkñúgkarvivtþn_énrcnasm<½n§CMnYy. edaymankarxitxMRbwgERbg nigkarKaMRTsmRsb esckþIEføgkarN_TIRkug)a:rIs sþIGMBIRbsiT§PaBénCMnYy8manskþanuBledIm,Ipþl;GMNac[RbeTs DMCs EfmeTot kñúgkareq<aHeTArkdMeNIrkar GPivDÆn_. RbsinebImankarbegáIteLIg nigkarGnuvtþn_yuT§sa®sþsmRsbepSg² RbPBFnFan nigynþkarfμI²én CMnYybreTs GacCYybegáInkarEbgEckCMnYycMeBaHtMbn;sRmab;RbCaCnmñak;². sßanPaBTaMgenH Gacpþl;kalanu- vtþPaB[ ADB edIm,IeFVIkarRbkbedaykareRCIserIs enAeBlEdlxøÜnman]tþmPaBeRCIserIsCaeRcIn. edayman karepþatkarykcitþTukdak;kan;EteRcIneLIgEfmeTot ADB GacBRgwgplRbeyaCn_BiessEdlxøÜnpþl;[eTAm©as; PaKh‘unCaédKUenAkñúgkarGPivDÆtMbn;. ADB Gacpþl;[édKUnUvCMnajEdlCYybegáInCMnYyBIIsßab½nGnþrCati nigbNþa m©as;CMnYyeTVPaKI nigpþl;plRbeyaCn_ nigkarKaMRTCaBiess dl;vis½ÉkCn edIm,I[BYkeKmanlT§PaBeFVIkar nigvinieyaKnUvGVIEdlBYkeKminGaceFVI)an. CamYynwgbTBiesaFn_ nigkaryl;dwgGMBItMbn;d¾TUlMTUlay ADB GacCYykat;bnßyéføcMNay nigbegáInPaBeCOCak;elIB½t’maneKalneya)ayEdlBak;B½n§ ehIyGacedIrtYy:agman RbsiT§PaBkñúgkarCYyGPivDÆrbs;tMbn;enAkñúgrcnasm<½n§CMnYyGnþrCati. ADB k¾GacCaGñksRmbsRmYlcMeBaHkic© shRbtibtþikar nigkarGPivDÆtMbn;GasuI-)a:suIhVik pgEdr.

bBaðaRbQmxagmux

kñúgkarerobcMyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 ADB )ankMNt;bgðajnUvbBaðaRbQmsMxan;²cMnYnR)aMbYnEdltMbn;kMBug EtRbQm. ADB )anBinitüeXIjfa bBaðaTaMgGs;enHsuT§EtCakalanuvtþPaBEdlmanskþanuBledIm,IGnuvtþCMnaj bTBiesaFn_ \T§iBl nig FnFanrbs;xøÜn ehIyyl;fa bBaðaTaMgenH GacsßitenAkñúgvisalPaBényuT§sa®sþ qñaM 2020.

8 TTYlkarGnum½téf¶TI 2 Ex mIna qñaM 2005 edayRbeTs nigGgÁkarGPivDÆn_Cag 100 rYmTaMg ADB nigRbeTs DMCs cMnYn 19 .

5

1> PaBRkIRkenAEtCabBaðaRbQmd¾FMbMputenAkñúgtMbn;

RbCaCnCag 600 lannak; enAtMbn;GasuI )a:suIhVik EdlmancMnYnRbEhlCagBIrdgénRbCaCnshrdæGaemrik enAEtrs;enAkñúgPaBRkIRky:agxøaMgEdlmanR)ak;cMNUlticCag 1duløa kñúgmYyéf¶ . CnRkIRkesÞIrEtBak;kNþal énCnRkIRkTaMgGs;enAelIBiPBelak rs;enAtMbn;GasuI )a:suIhVik ¬]bsm<½n§elx 1¦ . mnusSmñak;kñúgcMeNam mnusSBIrnak; enAkñúgtMbn; b¤cMnYn 1/7 Ban;lannak; enAEtmanCIvPaBRkIRk RbsinebIeKeFVIkarføwgEføgedayykR)ak; cMNUl 2duløa kñúgmYyéf¶CamUldæan ¬]bsm<½n§elx 1¦. tYelxenH manmYydgknøHéncMnYnRbCaCnsrubrbs; RbeTsGPivDÆn_énGgÁkarsRmab;kic©shRbtibtþikar nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© (OECD). enAkñúgRbeTs DMCs Edl GacTTYlhirBaØb,TanBImUlniFiGPivDÆn_GasuI (ADF)

9 RbCaCncMnYn 100 lannak; esμInwg 15° énRbCaCnTaMgGs; enAEtrs;enAkñúgPaBRkIRky:agxøaMgehIyRbCaCnCit 400 lannak; es μ Inwg 60° énRbCaCnTaMgGs; rs;enAeday manR)ak;cMNUlticCag 2duløakñúgmYyéf¶. enAsaFarN³rdæRbCamanitcin RbCaCn 452 lannak; rs;enAeday manR)ak;cMNUlticCag 2 duløa EdlCaExSbnÞat;énPaBRkIRkRbcaMéf¶ xN³EdlenA\NÐa tYelxenHman 868 lan nak;. RbeTs DMCs PaKeRcIn k¾RbQmmuxnwg]bsKÁedIm,IseRmc[)annUveKaledAK μanR)ak;cMNUléneKal edAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_EdlCabBaðamanTMnak;TMngy:agCitsñiT§CamYynwgPaBRkIRk. Cajwkjab; kgVHGaharUbtßmÖ rbs;kumarmankRmitx<s; dUcCa enARbeTsGahVhÁanIsßan bg;køaEds \NÐa kumarxVHGaharUbtßmÖmanesÞIrEtBak;kNþal ehIyenARbeTsen)a:l; kumarmanPaBsÁmsÁaMg. CagenHeTAeTot RbCaCn 1/9 Ban;lannak;enAkñúgtMbn; min)an TTYlesvaGnam½ymUldæaneLIy. RtwmqñaM 2020 PaKryénRbCaCnEdlrs;enAedaymanR)ak;cMNUlticCag 1 duløa kñúgmYyéf¶enAkñúgtMbn; GacFøak;cuHrhUtdl;Rtwm 2° b:uEnþkarFøak;cuHenH TamTar[mankarxitxMeFVIkargarbnþeTAeTot edIm,IRTRTg;nUvGRtax<s;énkMeNIn GDP sRmab;mnusSmñak;²naeBlf μ I²enH RBmTaMgRtUvxitxMbEnßmeTot edIm,IFana fa RbCaCnRkIRkGaccUlrYm b¤GacTTYl)anplRbeyaCn_ nigGacrYmcMENkcMeBaHdMeNIrkarénkMeNIn10.

9 ADF Ca]bkrN_d¾sMxan;mYyénkarpþl;hirBaØb,Tansm,Tan Edl)anKaMRTkarGPivDÆn_RbkbedaynirnþrPaB nigsmFm’sMrab;tMbn; taMgBIqñaM 1973. eday)anTTYlmUlniFiBIRbeTspþl;CMnYyCasmaCikrbs; ADB ADF pþl;R)ak;km©IedayykGRtakarR)ak;TabbMput nigCMnYy\tsMNg edIm,ICYykat;bnßyPaBRkIRkenAkñúgRbeTsRkIRkbMputEdlx©IR)ak;rbs; ADB. 10 KN³km μakaresdækic© nigsgÁménGgÁkarshRbCaCatisRmab;tMbn;GasuI-)a:suIhVik ADB nigkmμviFIGPivDÆn_shRbCaCati 2007³ eKaledA GPivDÆn_shsvtSr_³ karrIkceRmInenAGasuI-)a:suIhVik 2007 )agkk Humpphry 2006. ckçúvis½y nigbBaðaRbQmcMeBaHkMeNIn nigkar kat;bnßyPaBRkIRkenAGasuI³ karBinitüemIleLIgvijelIeKalneya)ayGPivDÆn_ 24/1 .

6

2> KMlatEpñksuxmalPaBkMBugEtrIkFMenAkñúg nigrvagRbeTs DMCs

kMeNInesdækic©qab;rh½s min)aneTAdl;RKb;RkumRbCaCnTaMgGs;enAkñúgRbeTs DMCs kñúglkçN³smamaRt eLIy. Bak;B½n§nwgplRbeyaCn_esdækic© niglT§PaBTTYl)anesvasgÁm RbCaCnmYycMnYnFM)anTTYltictYc b¤min )anTTYlEtmþg. edayeRbIR)as;emKuN Gini edIm,IsÞabsÞg;enAkñúgRbeTs DMCs CaeRcIn vismPaBesdækic©)an ekIneLIgkñúgry³eBl 10 qñaMcugeRkayenH. R)ak;cMNUl nigcMNayrbs;RbCaCn )anekIneLIgelOnCagR)ak;cMNUl nigcMNayénRbCaCnRkIRk11. edayBMumanviFankarN_edIm,IbBaÄb; b¤RtLb;KMlatTaMgenH haniP½yénninñakarenH rYmTaMg GesßrPaBsgÁmpg nwgbnþekIneLIg. vismPaBKμanR)ak;cMNUl k¾kan;EtGaRkk;eLIgpgEdr. ]TahrN_ enARbeTs\NÐa kumarRbEhl 5° minRKb; Tm¶n;enAkñúgRKYsarEdlmanbMput 20° xN³EdltYelxénkumarminRKb;Tm¶n;enHmandl;eTA 28° enAkñúgRKYsarEdl RkIRkbMput 20°12. kumarEdlrs;enAkñúgRKYsarRkIRk TMngCaGacrs;ranrhUtdl;Gayu 5qñaM tictYcNas; . enARbeTs DMCs PaKeRcIn k¾bgðajnUvcenøaHKMlatrvagtMbn;PUmisa®sþrbs;xøÜnEdr CaBiessRbeTsEdlmanTMhMFM. enARbeTs hVIlIBIn GRtaPaBRkIRkfñak;Cati manRbEhl 15° GRtatamtMbn;mancab;BI 8° eTA 63°. enARbeTs \NÐÚeNsuI EdlGRtakgVHGaharUbtßmÖfñak;Catirbs;kumar man 26° GRtatamtMbn;ERbRbYlBI 18° eTA 40°. eKGacrkeXIjKMlatd¾FMrvagkRmitsuxmalPaBenAkñúgRbeTs DMCs nImYy²rbs; ADB . ]TahrN_ cMNUl rbs;RbCaCnmñak;enARbeTsma:eLsuI esμ Inwg18dgéncMNUlrbs;RbCaCnmñak;enARbeTseN)a:l;. karGPivDÆ esdækic©[)anRsbKñaTUTaMgtMbn;Edlbgðaj[eXIjenAkñúgFmμnuBaØ (Charter) enAminTan;seRmc)anenAeLIy.

3> bMlas;bþÚrRbCasa®sþ nwgmanplb:HBal;y:agRCaleRCAdl;karGPivDÆn_

edaymanRbCaCnRbmaNCa 750 lannak; enArvagqñaM 2004 nig 2025 enAkñúgtMbn; nwgminRKan; EtekIneLIgbu:eNÑaHeT b:uEnþvaEfmTaMgbegáItRTg;RTayf μ ImYykñúgkarpaøs;bþÚrRbCasa®sþ EdlGacmanplb:HBal;ya:g xøaMgeTAnwgeKalneya)ayGPivDÆn_rbs;rdæaPi)al nigkarcMNayelIesvaCamUldæanepSg² dUcCa karGb;rM suxPaB nigsnþisuxsgÁm pgEdr 13 . kMeNInRbCaCn nwgTamTar[begáItkargarcMnYn 420 lankargarRtwmqñaM 2030 enAkñúgtMbn;mYyEdlmankmøaMgBlkmμy:agehacNas; 500 lannak; kñúgkmμkr 1/7 Ban;lannak; KμankargareFVI b¤mankargareFVIminRKb;RKan;rYceTAehIy. RbsinebIR)ak;cMNUl nigkMritCIvPaBrs;enArbs;RbCaCn RtUvekIneLIg 11 enAGasuI emKuN Gini )anekIneLIgBI 46/82 enAqñaM 1993 eTA 52/42 enAqñaM 2003 . 12 ADB 2007³ sUcnakrKnøwHqñaM 2007 m:anIl . 13 Hussain, Athar, Robert Cassen nig Tim Dyson 2006 bMlas;bþÚrRbCasa®sþ nigplvi)ak. tMbn;GasuI2015 ³ kMeNInRbkb edaynirnþrPaB nigkarbBa©b;PaBRkIRk ¬RBwtþb½Rt IDS 37 [3]¦ Brighton ³ viTüasßansikSaelIkarGPivDÆ.

7

enaH plitPaB nigrbrciBa©wmCIvit k¾RtUvmankarekIneLIgpgEdr14. RsbeBlCamYyKñaenH RbCaCnenAkñúgRbeTs DMCs mYycMnYn nwgQancUlv½ycMNas; EdlnaM[karcMNaysRmab;esvasuxPaBmankarekIneLIg. RbB½n§R)ak; esaFnnivtþn_smRsb eKalneya)aykargar EdlecHEtpøas;bþÚr nigkarGnuvtþn_edIm,IGnuBaØat[km μkrcas;²enA bnþmankargareFVI nwgenAEtcaM)ac; CaBiess enAkñúgRbeTs DMCs EdlGayurMBwgTukkMBugEtekIneLIg. karRbQm nwgEpñkRbCasa®sþEdlCasm<aFmYyeTot KWkarekIneLIgnUvcMnYnRbCaCnenAtamTIRkug nigPaBkksÞH PaBRkIRk nigkarbMBulbrisßan. kMeNInTIRkug nwgsakl,gsmtßPaB nigEpnkarGPivDÆn_énRbB½n§EckcayesvasaFarN³ rbs;tMbn;.

4> kMeNInesdækic©elOnkMBugdak;sMBaFy:agF¶n;F¶rdl;brisßan

TsSnvis½ytMbn;edIm,IGPivDÆdMeNIrkaresdækic©rwgmaM nignirnþrPaB nwgsßitkñúghaniP½y RbsinebIKμanyuT§viFI Tb;sáat;karbMBulbrisßan karbMpøajFnFanFm μCati nigkareFVI[hinehacbrisßan ¬rYmTaMg bERmbRmYlGakas Fatu¦ BIkarGPivDÆesdækic©enaHeT. karxUcxatbrisßan nigkar)at;bg;FnFanFm μCatikñúgkMeNIny:agelOn )an raraMgkarGPivDÆenAkñúgtMbn; nigkat;bnßyKuNPaBCIvitrYceTAehIy CaBiess kMBugmankarb:HBal;y:agF¶n;F¶rbMput eTAelIRbCaCnRkIRk. karrYmcMENkrbs;vis½yfamBltMbn;GasuI cMeBaHkarbeBa©j]s μ ½nkabUnDIGuksuIt )anekIn eLIgbIdg BIRbEhl 8° eTA 28° enAqñaM 2005 ¬]bsm<½n§ 1¦. TIPñak;garfamBlGnþrCati )anBüakrN_Tukfa tRmUvkarfamBlrbs;tMbn; nwgekIneTVdgenARtwmqñaM 201515. eTaHbICamankarEklm¥xøH²enAtamTIRkugmYycMnYn kþIk¾eday k¾tMbn;GasuIenAEtmankRmiténkarbeBa©jCatiBuleTAkñúgbriyakasx<s;CageKbMputenAelIBiPBelak. sm<aF enH nwgbnþekIneLIgelIépÞdI éRBeQI RbB½n§pøÚvTwk dITMnablicTwk RbB½n§brisßankñúgTwk nigFnFanFmμCatiepSg² eTotrbs;tMbn; EdlRbCaCnRkIRkBwgEp¥kkñúgCIvPaBrs;enA RbsinebIK μankic©xitxMRbwgERbgkarBarbrisßan[)aneRcIn EfmeTotenaHeT. TIRbCuMCn k¾nwgTTYlrgnUvplb:HBal;pgEdr ehIyGgÁkarsRmab;kic©shRbtibtþikaresdækic© nig karGPivDÆn_ )an[dwgfa TIRkugcMnYnR)aMbIkñúgcMeNamTIRkugcMnYndb;enAtamtMbn;eqñrsmuRT nwgTTYlnUvhaniP½yy:ag F¶n;F¶rkñúgry³eBlEvgeTAmuxBIbERmbRmYlGakasFatu nigkarekIneLIgnUvkm<s;TwksmuRT.

14

Filipe Jesus nig Rana Hasan 2006: TIpSarkargarenAtMbn;GasuI- bBaða nigckçúvis½y RkugLúg³ Palgrave Macmillan sRmab; ADB . 15 TIPñak;garfamBlGnþrCati 2007³ TsSnvis½yfamBlBiPBelak )a:rIs .

8

5> kgVHxatehdæarcnasm<½n§kMBugraraMgkMeNInTIpSar nigkarTTYl)anesvasgÁmenAkñúgRbeTsCaeRcIn

kareeFVsRbEhs nigkarvinieyaKmin)anRKb;RKan;elIehdæarcnasm<½n§Gs;ry³eBlCaeRcInqñaM )annaM[man PaBkksÞH karrs;enAedayK μanGnam½y nigK μansuxPaBl¥ kñúgTIRkugFM² enAkñúgtMbn;. ehdæarcnasm<½n§minl¥ k¾ begáInnUvkarcMNayfamBl EdlnaM[Gnþraydl;brisßanpgEdr. eTaHbICatMbn;GasuI)anksagnUvehdæarcnasm<½n§ FM²CaKMrUkñúgry³kalBIrbITsSvtSr_cugeRkayenHk¾eday k¾ehdæarcnasm<½n§TaMgenH RKan;EtrMelc[eXIjnUvKmøat esdækic©rvagTIRkuug TIRbCuMCn nigTICnbTEtb:ueNÑaH. CagenHeTAeTot karKμanEpnkarc,as;las; sRmab;CnbT TIRbCMuCn nigkarxVHxatRbB½n§tP¢ab;ehdæarcnasm<½npøÚvfñl; nigRbB½n§B½t’manviTüa nigKmnaKmn_ )anraraMgkarvinieyaKTun CaeRcIn. enAtMbn;CnbTkñúgRbeTs\NÐa kgVHxatnUvehdæarcnasm<½n§l¥RbesIr eFVI[Gnþraydl;plitPaBénvis½y ksikm μ. cMENkÉenARbeTshVIlIBInvij KmøatEpñkehdæarcnasm½<n§)anTb;sáat;]sSahnIykm μ nigkarbegáIt kargarmin[mankarrIkceRmIneTAmux. PaBraMgsÞHnUvkarGPivDÆTaMgenH ekIteLIgedaysarEtkarekogKrR)ak;cMNUl vis½ysaFarN³)antictYc GaTiPaBcMNaysaFarN³xuseKaledA PaBTn;exSayEpñksßab½n braC½yEpñkniytkmμ nigRbB½n§hirBaØvtßúTn;exSay nwgminCMuRmuj[manlMhUrmUlFnÉkCnry³eBlEvgkñúgKeRmagehdæarcnasm½<n§eLIy.

6> karTamTar[mankic©shRbtibtþikar nigkareFVIsmahrNkmμtMbn;bEnßmeTot edIm,IedaHRsaybBaða RbQm nigkalanuvtþPaBrbs;RbeTs DMCs

kic©shkar nigkareFVIsmahrNkmμtMbn; (RCI) manskþanuBly:agFMeFgedIm,IbegáInkMeNInesdækic© kat;bnßy PaBRkIRknigKMlatesdækic© elIkkm<s;plitPaBnigkarGPivDÆ nigBRgwgsßab½n. RCI GacEklm¥lT§PaBrbs; RbeTsRkIRk edIm,Ieq<aHeTArkkMeNIn tamry³karBRgIkBaNiCökm μ nigkarvinieyaKrYmKñaCamYyRbeTsCitxag karBRgwgTMnak;TMng nigkardwkCBaöÚn nigkarEklm¥bec©kviT©kviTüa nigTUrKmnaKmn_. ]TahrN_ enAtMbn;GasuI xagt,Úg FnFanvarIGKÁisniI nig]sμ½nFmμCati EdlenAray)a:yenAkñúgtMbn; nigTMhMéntRmUvkarfamBl nigesdækic©Cati RBmTaMgGRtakMeNInxus²Kña tRmUv[manskþanuBlsRmab;kareFVIsmahrNkm μ nigkareFVIBaNiCökmμelIFnFan famBl16edIm,IbeRmIplRbeyaCn_[KñaeTAvijeTAmk. RCI GacbRgYmKmøaténkarGPivDÆrvagRbeTs DMCs. karksagsmahrNkmμBaNiCökmμ[kan;EtmanPaBCitsñiT§bEnßmeTot ExScgVak;énkarpÁt;pÁg;kñúgtMbn; nigcMNgTak;Tg hirBaØvtßúd¾rwgmaMCamYyRbeTsCitxag EdlkMBugEtmankarrIkceRmIny:agrh½s nwgGac[RbeTstUc²EdlmankMeNIn yWtGacbegáInel,Ón edIm,IBRgIkkarGPivDÆrbs;xøÜn.

16

Jones, S 2004: kareFVIsmahrNkmμkñúgtMbn;tamry³ehdæarcnasm½<n§qøgkat;RBMEdn. ÉksarRkbx½NÐ sRmab;karRKb;RKgeKal neya)ay Oxford. Oxford cRkPBGg;eKøs ¬Ex vicäika¦.

9

karrIkceRmInkñúg RCI manPaBxusEbøkKñaenAkñúgGnutMbn;. eTaHbICakareFVIBaNiCökmμkñúgtMbn; EdlekIneLIg ya:gelOnBI 43° enAedImTsvtSr_qñaM1990 mk 55° énkareFVIBaNiCökm μsrubkñúgtMbn;k¾eday tMbn;GasuIxagekIt mancMENkeRcInCageKbMputenAkñúgkMeNInenaH. tMbn;GasuI k¾TamTar[bnþeKalkarN_ {karebIkTUlaytMbn;niym} edayrkSacMNgTak;Tg karvinieyaKTun nigBaNiCökmμebIkcMhrCamYyRbeTsdéT²eTotenAelIBiPBelak. eKal karN_enH nwgrkSa)annUvGVIEdlCaktþacm,géneCaKC½yEpñkesdækic©rbs;xøÜn nigbn§ÚrbnßykarkarBarniymenAkñúg tMbn;epSg²eTot. RCIGacCaTIkEnøgd¾sMxan;enAkñúgTIpSartMbn;EdlkMBugEtmankarGPivDÆcMeBaHTMnij nigesvakmμ ehIyFana[TIpSarenH Kμan]bsKÁraraMgtamry³kic©shRbtibtþikard¾CitsñiT§elIkarksageKalneya)ay nigKeRmag erobcMEpñkniytkmμ.

7> RbB½n§hirBaØvtßúenAGasuI mineFVIGnþrkarIykmμXøaMgR)ak;snSMrbs;tMbn;edayRbsiT§PaB edIm,I bMeBjtRmUvkarEdlecHEtekIneLIgrbs;xøÜn

tMbn;GasuI tRmUv[mankarxitxMeTVeLIgEfmeTot edIm,IGPivDÆRbB½n§hiBaØvtßúCati nigRbB½n§hiBaØvtßútMbn; rYmTaMg TIpSarmUlFn edayepþatkarykcitþTukdak;CaBiesselIkarBRgIkTMhM nigskmμPaBTIpSar. RbeTs DMCs RtUveFVIkar tRmg;Rkbx½NÐsßab½nénRbB½n§hirBaØvtßúrbs;xøÜneLIgvij edIm,IeqøIytbeTAnwgtRmUvkarrbs;vis½yenHBitR)akd. kñúg skmμPaBmYy RbB½n§hirBaØvtßú kMBugbegáInkareFVIsklPavUbnIykm μ EdltRmUv[manRbtibtþikarhirBaØvtßú qøgkat;RBMEdn. kñúgskmμPaBmYyepSgeTot RbB½n§hirBaØvtßú RtUv)andwkmuxedaysßab½nÉkCn EdltRmUv[man mUlFnsRmab;haniP½y CaBiesssRmab;karcab;epþImdMeNIrkarRkumh‘un nigshRKasxñattUc nigmFüm (SMEs). RbB½n§hirBaØvtßúenARbeTsPaKeRcInkñúgtMbn;enAEtRKb;RKgedayFnaKar. TIpSarmUlFn EdlGPivDÆmin)anl¥ nwgraraMgkarvinieyaKTuncMeBaHKeRmagEdlRtUvkarry³eBlyUr dUcCa KMeragehdæarcnasm½<n§CaedIm. CagenH eTAeTot RbB½n§hirBaØvtßúenAkñúgRbeTs DMCs enAEtTamTar[mankarRKb;RKgelIhaniP½yhirBaØvtßú sþg;da\NTan nignItiviFIRKb;RKgépÞkñúg[)anxøaMgkøaEfmeTot. RbCaCnPaKeRcInenAkñúgtMbn;enAEtTTYl)anesvahirBaØvtßúpøÚvkar nigeRkApøÚvkarmankRmit b¤min)anTTYlEtmþg CaBiessenAtamtMbn;CnbT. RbsinebI RbB½n§hirBaØvtßúGacRtUv )aneKBRgIkeTAdl;tMbn;CnbT enaHvis½yCnbT nigRbCaCnRkIRkrab;lannak; nwgmankalanuvtþPaBbEnßmeTot edIm,IcUlrYmcMENkkñúgkMeNIntMbn;17.

17

Rahman, Hossain Zillur nig Mark Robinson: GPi)alkic© nigRbsiT§PaBrbs;rdæenAtMbn;GasuI. tMbn;GasuI 2015 ³ karKaMRTkMeNIn nigkarbBa©b;PaBRkIRk ¬RBwtþb½Rt IDS 37 [3]¦ .

10

8> RbeTskMBugGPivDÆCasmaCik RtUvkarykcitþTukdak;bEnßmeTotelIkarécñRbDit karGPivDÆbec©kviTüa nigkarGb;rMx<s;

karGPivDÆ)anTTYleCaKC½y minRKan;Et)anbMeBjcenøaHRbehagFnFanb:ueNÑaHeT EtEfmTaMgtP¢ab;nUv bec©kviTüa nigcMeNHdwgrvagBiPBGPivDÆn_ nigkMBugGPivDÆn_pgEdr. edIm,IseRm[)annUveKaledAGPivDÆn_ shsSvtSr_ RbeTs DMCs RtUvEtksagsmtßPaBEpñkviTüasa®sþ bec©kviTüa nigkarécñRbDitrbs;xøÜn. karRbkYt RbECgeTAéf¶GnaKtnwgRtUvkMNt;edayR)ak;kéRmkargarkan;EtTabeTA² niglT§PaBplit RKb;RKgbec©kviTüa TMnij nigesvakmμx<s; ¬]bsm<½n§ 4¦. bNþaRbeTs DMCs RtUvEtbegáItyuT§sa®sþedIm,IGPivDÆbec©kviTüa nigsmtßPaBEdlBak;B½n§ rYmTaMgkarelIkTwkcitþedIm,IbegáItnUvtRmUvkarbec©kviTüaTMenIbEfmeTot18. karécñRbDit GacekIteLIgEtenAeBlEdlsmtßPaBRsUbykcMeNHdwgenAkñúgRsukmankRmitx<s;b:ueNÑaH ehIytRmUv[man kmøaMgBlkm μEdlmancMeNHdwg nigRKwHsßanGb;rMmanKuNPaB 19 . karGb;rM Gackat;bnßyPaBRkIRktamry³ karCYyRbCaCnRkIRk[TTYl)ankargarEdlmanplitPaBCagmun R)ak;kéRmx<s; nigKuNPaBénkarrs;enAkan;Et RbesIreLIg.

9> GPi)alkic©Tn;exSayGacraraMgRbeTs DMCs min[TTYl)ankalanuvtþPaBesdækic©

bBaðaRbQmd¾sμúKsμaj EdlekIteLIgedaykMeNInesdækic©y:agqab;rh½s )anbegáIntRmUvkarsmtßPaBrbs; sßab½nsaFarN³ edIm,IerobcM nigGnuvtþeKalneya)ay nigyuT§sa®sþ[kan;EtRbesIr. rdæ RtUvEtbegáItsßab½n nigeKalneya)ayEdlGacBRgIkkalanuvtþPaBCaGtibrma edIm,IkMeNInesdækic© nigkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk. eCaKC½y Epñkesdækic©rbs;RbeTs DMCs CaeRcIn nwgBwgEp¥keTAelIkarrIkceRmInrbs;sßab½nRbePTenH RBmCamYynUv briyakas niytkmμEdlKaMRTBaNiCökmμ karvinieyaKTun nigkarGPivDÆbec©kviTüa. tYnaTIsMxan;rbs;sßab½nrdæ Cajwkjab; EtgEtmankarelIkeLIgGMBIbBaðaRbQmEpñkGPi)alkic©EdlTak;TgnwgGMeBIBukrlYy EdlRbeTs DMCs CaeRcIn RbQmmuxenAkRmitxus²Kña . sßab½nsaFarN³ rYmTaMgsßab½nenAkñúgRbB½n§hirBaØvtßú RtUvEtEktRmUv nigeFVIkMENTRmg; edIm,IeqøIytbeTAnwgtRmUvkar EdlebIkcMhr nigRbkYtRbECgrbs;TIpSaresdækic© RBmTaMgRbsiT§PaB nigtmøaPaBkñúgkarRKb;RKgFnFansaFarN³ nigkarEckcayesvasaFarN³EdlesñIsMuedayRbCaBlrdæ. RbeTsnana RtUvEtcak;viFankarbEnßmeTotedIm,IkarBarkmμsiT§ibBaØa nigelIkkm<s;nItirdæ. bNþaRbeTsTn;exSay nigsßanPaB

18

ADB 2007³ esckþIsegçbeKalneya)ay ERD elx 49 m:anIl . 19 FnaKarBiPBelak 2007³ karegIbeLIgvijrbs;tMbn;GasuIxagekIt v:asuInetan DC .

11

puyRsYy GacTTYlplRbeyaCn_y:agFMeFgBIGPi)alkic©l¥ nigtmøaPaBkRmitx<s; EdlCaktþaCRmuj[mankar cab;epþImkarGPivDÆesdækic©rbs;BYkeK.

karseRmc)annUvkarrIkceRmInEdlGacvas;Evg)an nigRbkbedaynirnþrPaBelIkarRbQmmuxTaMgenH Gac tMNag[karrYmcMENky:agsMxan;cMeBaHsuxmalPaBkñúgtMbn; nigelIBiPBelak. karbBa©b;PaBRkIRky:agxøaMgenAkñúg tMbn;GasuI )a:suIhVik nwgkøayCasmiT§iplCaRbvtþisa®sþ Edlf μ I²enH hak;dUcCaminTan;)anTTYleCaKC½yenAeLIy. karBRgwgesdækic©TIpSarTMenIb nigrs;revIkenAkñúgtMbn; )anpþl;plRbeyaCn_dl;esdækic©BiPBelak tamry³karBRgIk kalanuvtþPaBesdækic© nigkarvinieyaKTun. karFVITMenIbkmμvis½yhirBaØvtßúkñúgtMbn; nwgGaceFVI[RbeTs DMCs mankarBwgEp¥kelIxøÜnÉgEfmeTot enAkñúgkarpþl;hirBaØb,Tandl;karGPivDÆry³eBlEvg nigrYmcMENkdl;esßr PaBhirBaØvtßúTUTaMgBiPBelak. karsRmbsRmYleKalneya)ay nigkareFVIsmahrNkmμesdækic©kñúgtMbn;[)an kan;EtFMeFg RBmTaMgkarEklm¥GPi)alkic©kñúgRbeTs nigsßanPaBEdlmanPaBpuyRsYy GacBRgwgesßrPaB kñúgtMbn; nigelIkkm<s;skþanuBlénkMeNInesdækic©. CagenHeTAeTot karrIkceRmInKYr[kt;smÁal;elIRbsiT§pl famBl nigkarERbRbYlGakasFatuenAkñúgtMbn;GasuI)a: suIhVik EdlkMBugEtmankarGPivDÆn_ nwgbegáIt)anCalT§pl viCömanhYsBIRBMEdntMbn; nigmnusSCMnan;enH. edayBicarNaeTAelITMhM cMnYnRbCaCn nigFnFanenAkñúgtMbn; karBuHBarCMnHral;bBaðaRbQmcMeBaHkarGPivDÆ nigkarseRmc[)annUvsmiT§iplepSg²eTot KWCaplRbeyaCn_rbs; BiPBelak.

edim,IedaHRsaybBaðaRbQmTaMgenH eKRtUvkarKMnitécñRbDit cMeNHdwgx<g;x<s; EbbbTf μ IénCMnYyGPivDÆ FnFanhirBaØvtßú nigbTBiesaFn_l¥². enAkñúgRbeTs DMCs CaeRcIn lkçN³ nigTMhMénkarRbQmTaMgenH man elIsBIFnFan nigsmtßPaB EdlmanRsab;rbs;rdæaPi)al nigTIpSar. enHCakarBit CaBiessenAkEnøgNaEdl skmμPaBshRbtibtþikarrvagRbeTs nigRbeTsmanPaBcaM)ac; nigenAkEnøgNaEdllT§PaBTTYl)anhirBaØvtßú ry³eBlEvgmansar³sMxan; edIm,IedaHRsaykarcMNaysgÁmd¾FM ehIyplRbeyaCn_minGacRsUbykeday TIpSar. enHk¾CakrNIEdlekItmanpgEdr enAeBlEdlmanCemøaH GPi)alkic© b¤smtßPaBTn;exSay eFVI[kar RKb;RKgelIkarGPivDÆn_RtUvBwgEp¥keTAelICMnYybreTs nigkic©shRbtibþtþikarCamYyédKUGPivDÆn_. ADB RtUvEt bnþCYyRbeTs DMCs [TTYl)anmUlniFiry³eBlEvgkñúglkçxNÐEdlGacTTYlyk)an GacRKb;RKghaniP½y eFVIskmμPaBrYm ehIyerobcMcMeNHdwg nigesvabec©keTsfμ I² edIm,IbMeBjtamkarpþl;hirBaØb,Tan. ADB k¾RtUvKaMRTGPi)alkic© nigelIkkm<s;smPaBeynD½r CRmujkarGPivDÆvis½yÉkCn nigerobcMPaBCaédKUCamYy sßab½nmYycMnYnFMeTotpgEdr. eTaHCaya:gNak¾eday edIm,IbnþnUvRbsiT§PaBkñúgkareqøIytbcMeBaHbBaðaRbQm EdlkMBugEtekIteLIgenAkñúgtMbn; ADB RtUvmanTsSnvis½yc,as;las; yuT§sa®sþRtwmRtUv RBmTaMg smtßPaB

12

sßab½n nighirBaØvtßúsmRsb. CMBUkTaMgBIrbnÞab;eTAeTotenH nwgbgðajnUvTisedAyuT§sa®sþrbs;; ADB eRkam yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020.

13

III. TsSnvis½y nigkmμviFIyuT§sa®sþ

ADB ebþCJaedIm,IbBa©b;PaBRkIRkenAkñúgtMbn;. karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk KWCaeKaledAEdl)anbMeBjtaMgBIqñaM 1999 ehIyCaRbFanbTd¾sMxan;mYyénkarerobcMEpnkar nigRbtibtþikartaMgBI ADB )anbegáItmk. karbBa©b;PaBRkIRk KWCakargard¾sMxan;bMputmYyrbs; ADB nigtMbn; . karBRgIkesdækic©d¾xøaMgkøakñúgb:un μanqñaMf μI²enH )anlubbM)at;R)ak; cMNUlénPaBRkIRk ¬eBalKW sMrab;GñkEdlmanR)ak;cMNUlticCag 1 duløa kñúgmYyéf¶¦ edaysgÇwmTTYl)anenA RtwmqñaM 2020. m©as;PaKh‘un Gñkx©I nigminEmnGñkx©I nigédKUGPivDÆn_rbs; ADB TaMgGs; )anÉkPaBKñafa karlubbM)at;PaBRkIRkKWCaeKalbMNg nigeKaledAGPivDÆd¾sMxan;bMputmYyEdlKaMRTmuxgarkNþalrbs;RbeTs DMCs enAkñúgtMbn; edIm,IseRmc[)annUveKaledAGPivDÆn_shvtSr_. dUecñHehIy TsSnvis½yrYmrbs; ADB eRkam yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 nwgbnþCa {tMbn;GasuI )a:suIhVik K μanPaBRkIRk} ehIyebskkmμrbs;xøÜn KWedIm,ICYyRbeTs DMCs kñúgkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk elIkkm<s;CIvPaBrs;enA nigKuNPaBCIvitrbs;RbCaCnénRbeTsTaMgenaH.

kMeNInesdækic© KWCakmøaMgnaMmuxkñúgkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkenAkñúgtMbn;. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday kMeNInesdækic© naeBlbc©úb,nñenHminRKan;EtCabBaðaCMhanénkMeNIn ¬pace of growth ¦ b:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþvak¾CabBaðaKMrUénkMeNIn ¬pattern of growth¦ pgEdr. karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkTamTar[RbCaCnkan;EteRcIneLIgkøayeTACaGñkEdlman plitPaBEpñkesdækic© nigEckrMElksuxmalPaBEdlecHEtekIneLIgrbs;sgÁm. lT§PaBedIm,IseRmc nig RTRTg;nUvkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkBwgEp¥keTAelIkMeNInesdækic© CamYynwgkarRKb;RKgbrisßan[)anRtwmRtUv. elIsBI enHeTAeTot dMeNIrkarénkarbBa©b;PaBRkIRkenAkñúgtMbn; GacnwgBenøÓneTA)an RbsinebIesdækic©rbs;RbeTs CitxagmanlkçN³CaTIpSaresrI nigTUlMTUlayCagmun ehIyenAeBlEdlrdæaPi)alseRmc)annUvplRbeyaCn_ tamry³kic©xitxMRbwgERbgrYmKña. ADB GacrYmcMENky:agsMxan;eq<aHeTArkTsSnvis½yenH edayepþatkarKaMRT rbs;xøÜneTAelIrebobvar³c,as;las;bIy:ag b:uEnþvaCarebobvar³bMeBj[karGPivDÆrbs;tMbn;³ kMNInesdækic©cRmuH kMeNInesdækic©RbkbedaynirnþrPaBbrisßan nigkareFVIsmahrNkmμkñúgtMbn;.

1> kMeNInesdækic©cRmuH ¬Inclusive Economic Growth¦

yuT§sa®sþGPivDÆn_ EdlEp¥kelIkMeNIncRmuH nwgmancMNucepþatyuT§sa®sþBIredIm,IbMeBjbEnßmKñaeTAvijeTA mk. TImYy kMeNInx<s;RbkbedaynirnþrPaB nwgbegáIt ehIyBRgIkkalanuvtþPaBesdækic©. TIBIr lT§PaBTTYl)an kalanuvtþPaBenH nwgFanafa smaCiksgÁmGaccUlrYm nigTTYl)anplRbeyaCn_BIkMeNIn. edayBMumankar eFIVEpnkar nigkarykcitþTukdak;smRsb vakan;EtmankarlM)akedIm,I[kMeNIn)andl;RbCaCnRkIRk EdlenA Etmin)anrab;bBa©Úledaykal³eTs³ GPi)alkic©Tn;exSay nig]bsKÁEdlraraMgTIpSardéTeTot. tMbn;RtUvEt

14

CRmujlT§PaBTTYl)ankalanuvtþPaBedaykarBRgIkFnFanmnusS CaBiess cMeBaHGñkEdlmin)anTTYl plRbeyaCn_ tamry³karvinieyaKelIvis½yGb;rM suxaPi)al nigkarkarBarEpñksgÁmCamUldæan. eKk¾RtUvEt elIkkm<s;lT§PaBTTYl)anTIpSarrbs;GñkRkIRk nigFnFanplitPaBCamUldæan tamry³karbegáIteKalneya)ay nigsßab½nsmRsb. CacugeRkay bNþajsuvtßiPaBsgÁmRtUvEtBRgwgedIm,IkarBarnUvkarxVHxatd¾F¶n;F¶renH. karKaMRT rbs; ADB edIm,IseRmc[)annUvkMeNIncRmuHenAkñúgRbeTs DMCs nwgrab;bBa©ÚlTaMgkarvinieyaKelIehdæarcnasm<½n§ edIm,IseRmcnUvkarrIkceRmInesdækic©RbkbedaynirnþrPaB P¢ab;RbCaCnRkIRkeTAnwgTIpSar nigbegáInlT§PaBrbs; BYkeK[TTYl)anFnFanplitPaBCamUldæan. ADB nwgKaMRTkareFVIvinieyaKTunenAkñúgvis½yGb;rM nigesva saFarN³sMxan;² dUcCa Twk nigGnam½y Edlpþl;plRbeyaCn_ CaBiess dl;GñkRkIRk nig®sþI. karvinieyaKenH nwgpþl;kalanuvtþPaBsRmab;mnusSTaMgGs;KñaedIm,IEklm¥CIvPaBrs;enArbs;BYkeK tamry³karrYmcMENkcMeBaH kMeNInesdækic© karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk nigkarkat;bnßynUvvismPaBd¾xøaMgkøa.

PaKeRcInénGñkRkIRkenAkñúgtMbn; rYmTaMg GñkRkIRkbMput KWCa®sþI. ®sþIsißtenAkñúgRkummnusSeRcInbMput Edl )anpat;ecjBIplRbeyaCn_Edl)anmkBIkarBRgIkesdæk©icrbs;tMbn;. ADB nwgbnþepþateTAelIsmPaBeynD½r nig karpþl;GMNaceTA[®sþIEdlCamUldæanRKwHmYyedIm,IseRmc)annUvkMeNIncRmuH. ADB k¾nwgCYybegáInkar vinieyaKEdlmaneKalbMNgpþl;lT§PaBeTA[®sþI[TTYl)ankarGb;rM nigFnFanesdækic©epSg²eTot dUcCa \NTan CaedIm.

2> kMeNInRbkbedaynirnþrPaBbrisßan

kMeNInesdækic©d¾xøaMgkøarbs;GasIu kMBugEtrYmcMENkdl;karbMpøajFnFanFmμCatienAkñúgtMbn; eFVI[xUcxat brisßanenATICnbT nigTIRkug nigb:HBal;dl;bERmbRmYlGakasFatu. manEtkMeNInEdlmannirnþrPaBbrisßaneT EdlGackat;bnßyPaBRkIRk BIeRBaHfa RbCaCnRkIRkPaKeRcInBwgEp¥keTAelIFnFanFmμCatisRmab;Rbkbrbr ciBa©wmCIvitrbs;BYkeK. edIm,IseRmc[)annUvkMeNInEdlmannirnþrPaBbrisßan ADB nwgKaMRTkareRbIR)as;bec©kviTüa Edlminb:HBal;dl;brisßan dak;ecjnUvviFankarkarBarbrisßan nigbegáItsmtßPaBsßab½nedIm,IBRgwgkarGnuvtþ viFankarTaMgenaH. tamry³kic©shRbtibtþikarkñúgtMbn; ADB nwgCRmujnUvyuT§viFI nigdMeNaHRsayEdlman RbsiT§PaB nigerobcMkarepÞrcMeNHdwg nigbec©kviTüaGMBIkarRKb;RKgbrisaßn. CagenHeTAeTot ADB nwgBRgwg karpþÜcepþImKMnittMbn;bEnßmeTot edIm,Ikat;bnßy nigsRmbeTAtamkarERbRbYlGakasFatu edayehtufa tMbn;GasIu kMBugEtmankarekIneLIgelIkarbeBa©jecalnUvkabUnDIGuksIut .

15

3> kareFVIsmahrNkm μkñúgtMbn; ¬RCI¦

RsbeTAnwgkarKaMRTcMeBaHkmμviFICatiedIm,Ikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk nigelIkkm<s;CIvPaBrs;enA ADB nwgbegáInnUv karGnuvtþyuT§sa®sþ RCI rbs;xøÜn. kmμviFIyuT§sa®sþenH nwgykRbeyaCn_BIkarsnüaFM²EdlskmμPaB RCI pþl;[ edIm,IBenøÓnkMeNInesdækic© elIkkm<s;plitPaBnigbegáItkargar kat;bnßyKMlatesdækic© nigseRmc [)annUvkarsRmbsRmYleKalneya)aynigkarshkar[)anCitsñiT§Cagmun edIm,IKaMRTplRbeyaCn_saFarN³ enAkñúgtMbn; nigelIBiPBelak rYmTaMg kargarRbyuT§RbqaMgnwgkarbERmbRmYlGakasFatu nigemeraKeGds_¼ Cm¶WeGds_. ADB nwgCYyRbeTs DMCs edIm,IseRmc[)annUvkMeNIntamry³kareFVIsmahrNkm μ nigTMnak; TMng[)anCitsñiT§EfmeTotCamYyRbeTsCitxag . Cajwkjab; kic©shRbtibtþikarkñúgtMbn;k¾)anedaHRsay RbPBFnFanrYm ¬]TahrN_ dUcCa TenøemKgÁ¦ EdlRbCaCnRkIRkBwgEp¥ksRmab;CIvPaBrs;enArbs;BYkeK. TIpSar kñúgtMbn;EdlFMTUlaysRmab;TMnij esvakm μ nigFnFan nwgelIkkm<s;RbsiT§plénkareRbIR)as;FnFan nig CRmuj[mankarRbkYtRbECgCasklenAkñúgtMbn;. karsRmbsRmYlkñúgtMbn;EdlCitsñiT§CagenH nwgelIkkm<s; KuNPaBTaMgmUléneKalneya)ay nigCRmujlT§PaBrbs;RbeTs nigtMbn; edIm,IeqøIytbRbkbedayRbsiT§PaB EfmeTotcMeBaHkarpøas;bþÚrPøam² nigmin)anKitTukmunenAkñúgsßanPaBesdækic©epSg². karbegáInkic©xitxMRbwgERbg bEnßmeTotenHekIteLIgcMeBlEdlfñak;dwknaMenAkñúgtMbn;kMBugEtbegáInkarebþCJacMeBaHkareFVIsmahrNkm μesdækic© karebIkTUlaytMbn;niym nigkic©shRbtibtþikarkñúgbBaðaqøgkat;RBMEdn. eRkamyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 ADB ebþCJaseRmc[)annUvkaGPivDÆn_RbkbedaysmFm’ nignirnþrPaB Eklm¥ sßanPaBrs;enA niglubbM)at;PaBRkIRk edaymaneKalbMNgrYmcMENkRbkbedayRbsiT§PaBbMput cMeBaH kMeNInEdlsuIsgVak;KñaenAkñúgtMbn; . kareFVIsmahrNkmμRbkbedaytulüPaBénktþaTaMgenH KYrEtqøúHbBa©aMgenAkñúg plbRtTaMgmUlrbs; ADB RBmTaMgenAkñúgPaBCaédKUrrbs;RbeTs nigyuT§sa®sþshRbtibtþikar. ADB eCOCak;fa xøÜnnwgGaceFVIkar)anl¥bMputedIm,IlubbM)at;PaBRkIRk luHRtaEtkmμviFIrbs;xøÜnRsbCamYynwgtRmUvkar Cak;Esþgrbs;RbeTs DMCs . kareqøIytbBItRmUvkarrbs;RbeTs nwgmansar³sMxan;xøaMgNas; eRkamyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 BIeRBaHfa vanwgTTYlsÁal; nigeKarBkic©xitxMRbwgERbgrbs;édKUGPivDÆn_enAkñúgkmμviFICMnYyd¾FMkñúgtMbn;. ehtuenHehIy kmμviFI nigKeRmagCMnYyrbs; ADB nwgRsbeTAtamGVIEdlyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 )ankMNt; ehIyvak¾Cakargarrbs; ADB kñúgry³eBl 12qñaM xagmuxeTot EdlRtUvsVHEsVgyl;fa etIkEnøgNaEdlGac Bak;B½n§bMput nigkEnøgNaEdlGacTTYl)anplb:HBal;bMput.

16

IV.édKU nigPñak;garsRmab;eFVIkarpøas;bþÚr

ktþanaMmknUvkarpøas;bþÚr

edIm,IseRmctamckçúvis½yrbs;xøÜn nigkmμviFIyuT§sa®sþfμI nigedIm,IseRmclT§pl[)anFMeFgelIkarRbQm enAkñúgtMbn; ADB nwgepþatkarykcitþTukdak;eTAelIktþaénkarpøas;bþÚrR)aMy:ag³ ¬1¦ karGPivDÆvis½yÉkCn nig Rbtibtþikarvis½yÉkCn ¬2¦ GPi)alkic©l¥ nigkarGPiDÆsmtßPaB ¬3¦ smFm’eynD½r ¬4¦ dMeNaHRsaycMeNH dwg nig ¬5¦PaBCaédKU. ktþanImYy²TaMgenHpþl;kalanuvtþPaB[ ADB edIrtYbEnßmeTotCaPñak;garénkarpøas;bþÚr edaykarbegáInkMeNIn nigbEnßmCMnYyGPivDÆn_[)anTUlMTUlaykñúgnamCaédKUGPivDÆn_d¾skmμ nigd¾RbéB.

1> karGPivDÆvis½yÉkCn nigRbtibtþikarvis½yÉkCn

ADB nwgBRgIkkargarrbs;xøÜnCamYyEpñkÉkCn edIm,ICRmujkMeNInesdækic©EfmeTotenAkñúgtMbn;GasuI )a:suIhVik. ADB nwgKitKU ehIyvaytémøhaniP½yy:aghμt;ct; RBmTaMgedIrtYCakatalIkrsRmab;karvinieyaKTun Edlvis½yÉkCn RbEhlCamincg;eFVI. ADB nwgbMeBjkargareRcInEfmeTotedIm,ICYyRbeTs DMCs kñúgkarTak;TajkarvinieyaK vis½yÉkCnpÞal; EdlGacKaMRTkMeNIncRmuH nigkarEklm¥brisßan. edIm,IelIkTwkcitþdl;kMeNInTIpSaresrI ADB

nwgvinieyaKelIehdæarcnasm<½n§ nigpþl;eyabl;dl;rdæaPi)alelIbriyakasCamUldæansRmab;eFVIBaNiCökmμ rYmTaMg c,ab; bTb,BaØtiþ nigeKalneya)ayTTYlxusRtUv EdlmineFVI[)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_dl;vis½yÉkCn. viFanrbs; ADB edIm,ICRmuj[mankarpøas;bþÚrtamry³karvinieyaKÉkCn[)anFMeFgbEnßmeTotenAkñúgRbeTs DMCs nwgrab; bBa©Úlkarpþl;hirBaØb,TanpÞal; karelIkkm<s;Epñk\NTan karFananUvkarkat;bnßyhaniP½y nigkarpþl;nUvbriFan hirBaØvtßúécñRbDitfIμ². viFanTaMgenH nwgTak;TajmUlFnÉkCn nigeRbIR)as;karRKb;RKgBaNiCökmμ b¤ CMnajbec©keTs sMrab;vis½y nigRbtibtþikarCak;lak;epSg². ADB nwgCYyCRmujPaBCaédKUrvagEpñkÉkCn nigsaFarN³enAkñúg vis½yRbtibtþikarsñÚlrbs;xøÜn edayRbmUlbTBiesaFn_CamunenAkñúgRbeTsmanR)ak;cMNUlkNþal ¬MICs¦ ehIy bnÞab;mkBRgIkkic©xitxMRbwgERbgTaMgenHeTAdl;RbeTs DMCs.

2> GPi)alkic©l¥ nigkarGPivDÆsmtßPaB

ADB nwgbegáInkarKaMRTcMeBaHGPi)alkic©l¥ nigkarGPivDÆn_smtßPaB BIeRBaHfa karKaMRTenH nwgCYyelIk km<s;karEckcayTMnij nigesvasaFarN³RbkbedayRbsiT§PaB nigBRgIkkMeNIncRmuH. ADB nwgepþatelIktþa bYnénGPi)alkic©l¥ ¬KNenyüPaB karcUlrYm PaBGacTsSn_Tay)an nigtmøaPaB¦ [)ansuICeRmAeTAkñúgdMeNIr Rbtibtþikar nigskmμPaBrbs;xøÜn. ADB nwgcat;TukKNenyüPaBsRmab;skmμPaBesdækic© RbsiT§PaBénkarerob

17

cM nigkarGnuvtþn_eKalneya)ay nigkareRbIR)as;FnFansaFarN³RbkbedayRbsiT§PaBedIm,IbRmugTuknUvFnFan hirBaØvtßúsRmab;karGPivDÆn_. ADB nwgeFVIkaredIm,IFanafa GñkRkIRkGaccUlrYmenAkñúgdMeNIrkarseRmccitþeTAelI karRKb;RKgFnFanEdlBYkeKBwgEp¥kedIm,IciBa©wmCIvit. edIm,IiCYy[kareFVIsmahrNkm μkñúgtMbn;seRmc)annUv skþanuBlrbs;xøÜnkñúgkarCRmujkMeNIn ADB nwgKaMRTdl;karbegáItnUvtmøaPaB nigkarBüakrN_Tuk enAkñúgbTb,BaØtiþ nigkarseRmccitþelIbBaðaqøgkat;RBMEdn kic©shRbtibtþikarvinieyaKTun nigBaNiCökmμ kareFVIsmahrNkmμ hirBaØvtßú nigTMnijsaFarN³tMbn;.

ADB nwgBüayamkat;bnßyGMeBIBukrlYyEdlb:HBal;dl;karGPivDÆn_ CaBiessdl;GñkRkIRk. karRbwgERbg rbs; ADB kñúgkarRbqaMgnwgGMeBIBukrlYy nwgRtUvpSaPöab;eTAnwgkarKaMRTcMeBaHGPi)alkic© nigkarEklm¥KuNPaB nigsmtßPaBénvis½ysaFarN³TaMgmUl. kic©xitxMRbwgERbgTaMgenH nwgbnþepþatkarykcitþTukdak;eTAelIkarBRgwg kic©pþÜcepþIm nigRbB½n§Edlsgát;F¶n;eTAelIkarkarBar nigkareRbIR)as;Rkbx½NÐGnþrCatiEdlmanenAkñúgGnusBaØa GgÁkarshRbCaCatiRbqaMgnwgGMeBIBukrlYy. eRkamyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 ADB nwgBicarNaeTAelIkarEklm¥ GPi)alkic© kat;bnßyGMeBIBukrlYy nigCYysßab½n nigGgÁkarsaFarN³ [mansmtßPaBkan;EtxøaMgeLIg EdlCameFüa)ayd¾manRbsiT§PaBmYykñúgkarbegáInkarvinieyaKvis½yÉkCnTUTaMgtMbn;.

3> smFm’eynD½r

kñúgnamCaPñak;garedIm,IeFVIkarpøas;bþÚr ADB nwgbnþelIkkm<s; nigKaMRTsmFm’eynD½r edayerobcMbBa©ÚleynD½r enAkñúgKeRmag nigepþatkarykcitþTukdak;ya:gRbugRby½tñcMeBaHbBaðaeynD½rkñúgRbtibtþikarrbs;xøÜnTaMgmUl. kar RsavRCav nigbTBiesaFn_Cag 10 qñaM knøgmkenH )anbBaöak;y:agc,as;nUvsar³sMxan;énsmFm’eynD½rcMeBaHkar kat;bnßyPaBRkIRk karEklm¥CIvPaBrs;enA nigkMeNInesdækic©RbkbedaynirnþPaB 20 . ADB nwgelIkkm<s; smFm’eynD½rtamry³RbtibtþikarEdlpþl;nUvlT§pleynD½rCak;lak; dUcCa RsþIGacTTYl)anesvaGb;rM nig suxPaB Twks¥at Gnam½yl¥ nigehdæarcnasm<½n§CamUldæan. karpþl;GMNaceTA[®sþI pþl;plcMeNjedaypÞal; nigRbeyalCaeRcIn TaMgEpñkesdækic© nigsgÁm Edl ADB nwgCYyRbeTs DMCs [seRmc)an. Rbtibtþikarrbs; ADB nwgRtUvENnaMedayeKalneya)ay nigkarGPivDÆneynD½r 21 nigEpnkarskmμPaB nigkarGPivDÆeynD½r rbs;xøÜn22.

20

ADB: karBinitüeLIgvijelIkarGnuvtþéneKalneya)aysþIGMBIeynD½r nigkarGPivDÆ ma:nIl . 21

ADB 1998³ eynD½r nigkarGPivDÆn_ ma:nIl . 22

ADB: Epnkarskm μPaB nigkarGPivDÆeynD½r ¬2008-2010¦ ma:nIl .

18

4> dMeNaHRsayEpñkcMeNHdwg

cMeNHdwg CakatalIkrd¾man\Ti§BlmYyedIm,ICRmujkarGPivDÆQaneTAmux nigelIkkm<s;RbsiT§PaBrbs;va. ADB nwgedIrtYkñúgEpñkmYyy:agFMkñúgkarbBa©ÚldMeNaHRsaycMeNHdwgEdlmanskþanuBl[dMeNIrkarenAkñúgtMbn;GasuI )a:suIhVik. lT§PaBd¾Biessrbs; ADB edIm,IrYmcMENk nigeRbIR)as;cMeNHdwgGPivDÆn_)ancak;bJsenAkñúgtYnaTI kNþalrbs;xøÜnkñúgkarbgðajninñakarkñúgnigeRkAtMbn; yuT§viFIeFVIsmahrNkmμsmtßPaB nigcMeNHdwgkñúgkarGnuvtþ kargartamry³karpþl;hirBaØb,TanEdlTak;TajFM². ADB nwgeRbIR)as;plRbeyaCn_TaMgenH edIm,IKaMRTsßab½n EdlmansuqnÞ³ nigbTBiesaFn_Cak;Esþg kñúgkaredaHRsay]bsKÁ edIm,Ieq<aHeTArkkaGPivDÆ edayeRbIR)as;buKÁlik EdlmanBhucMeNHdwgrbs;xøÜn. esvapþl;cMeNHdwgrbs; ADB nwgeqøIytbcMeBaHtRmUvkarcMeNHdwgbnÞan;rbs; GtifiCnxøÜn enAeBlEdlxøÜnkMBugeFVIkarkMNt; nigpþl;karGnuvtþd¾l¥bMputsRmab;esvakmμcMeNHdwg. ADB nwg KaMRTKeRmagsakl,gEdlnwgCYypSBVpSaybTBiesaFn_rbs;xøÜn. ADB nwgEckcaycMeNHdwgeTAtammeFüa)ay EdlGacmanplb:HBal;Pøam² nigRbkbedaykMlaMgCRmuj ]TahrN_ cMeNHdwgBIrebobEdlRbeTs DMCs GacseRmc)annUvPaBCaédKUCamYyEpñksaFarN³ nigÉkCn edIm,Ipþl;esvasgÁm nigseRmc)anplRbeyaCn_dl; GñkkIRk.

lT§PaBrbs; ADB edIm,IeFVIkary:agCitsñiT§ nigkñúgry³eBlEvgCamYyrdæaPi)alkñúgtMbn; eFVI[ ADB man karyl;dwgkan;Etc,as;las;cMeBaHRbeTsTaMgenaHEfmeTot. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday TsSnvis½yrbs; ADB sMLwghYsBItRmUvkarrbs;RbeTsnImYy²eTAeTot. kic©xitxMrbs; ADB edIm,Iksag nigeRbIR)as;cMeNHdwg k¾nwgdak;bBa©ÚlnUvkic©shRbtibtþikar nigkareFVIsmahrNkmμTUTaMgRbeTs nigtMbn;pgEdr. ADB nwgmancMeNHdwg kan;EtekIneLIgCabnþbnÞab;tamry³ ¬1¦ karsikSaépÞkñúgBIbTBiesaFn_kargar nigshKmn_ nig ¬2¦karsikSa xageRkABIPaBCaédKUyuT§sa®sþry³eBlEvgCamYyRKwHsßanhirBaØvtßúGnþrCati nigsßab½nRsavRCavlMdab;BiPBelak rYmTaMg mCÄmNÐlcMeNHdwgkñúgtMbn;rbs; ADB xøÜnÉgpgEdr.

19

5> PaBCaédKU

edIm,IedaHRsaynUvhaniP½y nigbBaðaRbQmkñúgtMbn; nigedIm,IeqøIytbeTAtamtRmUvkarepSg²sRmab;seRmc [)annUvkMeNIncRmuH kMeNInEdlRbkbedaynirnþrPaBbrisßan nigkareFVIsmahrNkm μkñúgtMbn; ADB nwg eFVITMnak;TMngédKUCamYyRkumsßab½nepSg²KñaCaeRcInbEnßmeTot. PaBCaédKUCamYyTIPñak;garGPivDÆn_GnþrCati sßab½neTVPaKI nigBhuPaKI vis½yÉkCn GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al (NGOs) GgÁkarEdlmanmUldæanenAkñúgshKmn_ nigbNþamUlniFinana nwgkøayCacMNucsMxan;énkareFVIEpnkar karpþl;hirBaØb,Tan nigkarGnuvtþnUvRbtibtþikarrbs; ADB . ADB nwgeRbIlkçN³sm,tþirbs;xøÜnEdlCasßab½nGPivDÆn_rbs;tMbn;GasuI-)a:suIhVik rYmTaMg smtßPaB enAnwgkEnøgEdlpþl;edayebskkmμtamnievsndæanCag 20 enABaseBjtMbn; . ADB )anGPivDÆnUvTMnak;TMng RbkbedayEpøpáaCamYyrdæaPi)alénRbeTs DMCs FnaKarBiPBelak mUlniFirUbiyvtßúGnþrCati GgÁkarBaNiCökmμ BiPBelak bNþaTIPñak;garbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati nigsßab½neTVPaKI nigBhuPaKIFM²CaeRcInepSgeTot. eTaHCa y:agNak¾eday yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 nwgBRgIkvisalPaBénkmμviFICaédKUelIsBIédKUGPivDÆn_hirBaØvtßúbc©úb,nñ edIm,IbBa©Úlkic©xitxMRbwgERbgrbs;xøÜnCamYyvis½y nigsßab½nÉkCn. ADB nwgebIkTUlaynUvskmμPaBCaédKUfμ I² bEnßmeTot EdlGacEckcayCMnYyRbkbedayRbsiT§iPaB elIkkm<s;lT§plGPivDÆn_ nigCMnYyse®gÁaHbnÞan; kñúgeBlmaneRKaHmhnþray. karpþl;nUvPaBCaédKUTaMgenH TMngCaGacelIkkm<s;rebobRKb;RKgCMnYyf μ I kareRbI R)as;CMnajRKb;RKg nigbec©keTsrbs;RbeTs DMCs [FMTUlay nigbegáInkic©shkareGay)anCitsñiT§bEnßm eTot CamYyvis½yÉkCnenAkñúgKeRmagEdlpþl;shhirBaØb,Tan nigeRbIR)as;nUvviFanvinieyaKTIpSarCamUldæan.

20

RbeTsCaédKUGPivDÆ

eRkamyuT§sa®sþ qñaM 2020 eKalneya)ayqøgput23¬graduation policy¦ rbs; ADB nwgGnuBaØat[ ADB BinitüemIlRbeTs DMCs nImYy²elIkarrIkceRmInBIskmμPaBRKb;RKgesdækic© nigkic©GPivDÆn_rbs;BYkeK ehIy eFVIkarseRmccitþelIsiT§iTTYl)anrbs;BYkeKsRmab;mUlniFiGPivDÆn_GasIu ¬ADF¦ nigFnFanmUlFnFmμta (OCR). edaysMlwgemIl[hYsBIktþasMxan;²TaMgenH ADB nwgBinitü[)anRKb;RCugeRCayelIsmtßPaBGPivDÆ nig bBaðaRbQmrbs;RbeTs DMCs briyakassgÁm nigesdækic© sßab½n nigRbvtþisa®sþ ehIyeFVIkarEktRmUvCMnYy nigkic©shRbtibtþikarcMeBaHRbeTsnImYy²eTAtamTsSnvis½ydUcxageRkam³

1> RbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_CasmaCikEdlqøgputBIeKalneya)ayrbs ; ADB (Graduated DMCs)

cMeNHdwg nigCMnajrbs;RbeTs DMCs EdlqøgputeKalneya)ay Gacpþl;eTA[RbeTs DMCs déTeTot KWCaFnFand¾mantémømYyEdl ADB nwgeRbIR)as;enAkñúgRbtibtþikarrbs;xøÜn. karvivtþénTMnak;TMngd¾rwgmaMEfmeTotrvag RbeTs DMCs EdlqøgputeKalneya)ay nig ADB eRkamyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 nwgrab;bBa©Úlkic©shRbtibtþikar elIkic©BiPakSaeKalneya)ay nigviFIsa®sþGnuvtþl¥bMputcMeBaHkMENTRmg;eKalneya)ayenAkñúgRbeTs DMCs karpþl;hirBaØb,TanKeRmagedaypÞal; b¤ karpþl;shhirBaØb,TanKeRmagEdlRTRTg;eday ADB nigkarBRgIk karepÞrcMeNHdwg nigbec©kviTüaBIRbeTs DMCs EdlqøgputeKalneya)ayrbs; ADB eTA[RbeTs DMCs EdlkMBugTTYlkm©I enAkñúgvis½yEdlman]tþmPaB.

2> RbeTsEdlmanR)ak;cMNUlkNþal (MICs)

CnRkIRkenAtMbn;GasuIPaKeRcInrs;enAkñúgRbeTs MICs. kñúgkrNICaeRcIn vismPaB)anrIkFM ehIyCH\T§iBl eTAelIesßrPaBesdækic©-sgÁm nigplRbeyaCn_GPivDÆ. eTaHbICaRbeTs MICs CaeRcInman b¤gayTTYl )anFnFan edIm,IedaHRsaycMeBaHbBaðaRbQmelIkarGPivDÆn_k¾eday k¾lT§PaBrbs;RbeTsCaeRcInepSgeTotenA mankRmitEdr. RbeTs MICs tMNag[GaTiPaBCayuT§sa®sþkñúgckçúvis½yrbs; ADB sþIBI tMbn;rYcputBIPaBRkIRk ehIy ADB nwgmine)aHbg;»kasedIm,ICYyRbeTsTaMgenaHkñúgkarkat;bnßy niglubbM)at;PaBRkIRkeT. CagenHeTAeTot kar rIkceRmInesdækic© nigsgÁmenAkñúgRbeTs MICs GacCaRbPBénkMeNInsRmab;RbeTsCitxagepSgeTot CaBiess ral;bNþaRbeTsEdl)anbegáItcMNgTak;TgBaNiCökm μ nigkarvinieyaKTunCamYyKña. karrYmcMENkrbs;RbeTs

23 ADB 2007³ karBiniteLIgvijelIeKalneya)ayqøgput ¬Graduation policy¦rbs;FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI qñaM 1998 . Éksarkargar ma:nIl .

21

MICs cMeBaHkarpþl;nUvesvasaFarN³kñúgtMbn; nigkñúgBiPBelak CaBiess esvabrisßan Cajwkjab; eBareBjeday karseRmccitþy:aghμt;ct; nigpþl;plRbeyaCn_dl;mnusSRKb;²Kña. ADB nwgKaMRTkmμviFIGPivDÆn_rbs; MICs EdlGñk Bak;B½n§KitfasMxan;bMput. ]TahrN_ RbsinebIRbeTs MICs NamYy)aneFVIkarelIkkm<s;ya:gditdl;eTAelI suxmalPaBsgÁmsRmab;RbCaCnrbs;xøÜnenaH CMnYyrbs; ADB GacepþateTAelIkarlubbM)at;bBaðaepSg²eTot EdlenAesssl;. pÞúyeTAvij RbsinebImanEtkarrIkceRmIcbnþicbnþÜc b¤ KμankarrIkceRmInesaHenAkñúgRbeTs MICs ADB GacCYyedaHRsaybBaðaKmøat b¤karbraC½yéneKalneya)ay vismPaBEpñkrcnasm<½n§ b¤kgVHxat cMeNHdwg b¤CMnajRKb;RKg nigbec©keTs. kñúgkrNImYycMnYn ADB GaceFVIGnþraKmn_tamry³karKaMRTedaymankar eRCIserIsx<s; nigeBlevlaCak;lak; edIm,IelIkkm<s;eKalneya)ayGPivDÆsmtßPaB b¤FanakarvinieyaKTunelI ehdæarcnasm½<n§Cati nigGnutMbn;. enAkñúgRbeTsepSg²eTot ADB Gacpþl;nUvCMnYytamry³karshkarCamYysßab½n EdlBak;B½n§.

3> RbeTsEdlmanR)ak;cMNUlTab

RbeTs DMCs RbePTenH BwgEp¥ky:agxøaMgeTAelICMnYyGPivDÆn_pøÚvkarkñúgkarRbwgERbgeq<aHeTArkkarGPivDÆ nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday ebIEp¥keTAelIlkçN³xusKñaénRbeTsTaMgenaH dMeNaHRsay RtUvEtmanPaBxusEbøkBIKñaEdr. sRmab;RbeTsmYycMnYn RtUvpþl;GaTiPaBeTAelIkarbnþBRgwgkMeNInd¾xøaMgkøa naeBlfμI² ehIyRtUveFVI[kMeNInTaMgenHmannirnþrPaB. rIÉRbeTsmYycMnYneTot TamTar[mankarCYyRKb;RKg nirnþrPaB nigkarbnþplRbeyaCn_esdækic©Edl)anmkBIFnFanFmμCatirbs;BYkeK. cMENkRbeTsxøHeTottRmUv[ begáIt nigcab;epþImnUvdMeNIrkarkMeNInd¾xøaMgkøa. eTaHbICamanPaBxusEbøkKñak¾eday k¾RbeTsTaMgenHRbQmmuxeTA nwgbBaðaRbhak;RbEhlKña dUcCakarEklm¥briyakasvinieyaK nigkarGPivDÆvis½yÉkCn karrIkceRmInEpñk GPi)alkic© nigkarRbqaMgGMeBIBukrlYy karRbyuT§RbqaMgnwgCMgWqøg karRKb;RKgelIFnFanrYm karelIkkm<s;kar eFVIsmahrNkmμkñúgtMbn; nigkardak;bBaðaRbQmTaMgenHCaFatumYyeTAkñúgyuT§sa®sþGPivDÆn_Cati. eTaHbICay:ag Nak¾eday k¾RbtibtiþkarnwgRtUverobcMeLIgedIm,ItRmUveTAtamsßanPaBénRbeTs ADF nImYy²[RsbtameKalbMNg edIm,ICRmujRbeTsTaMgenaH[rYcputBICMnYyEdlmanlkçN³sm,Tan[)anqab;tamEdlGaceFVIeTA)an tamry³ kMeNInesdækic©EdlelOnCagmun. Rbtibtþikar ADF X Edlmanry³eBlbYnqñaMdMbUgényuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 nwgCYyRbeTs DMCs [seRmc)annUveKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_RtwmqñaM 2015.

22

4> RbeTs nigsßanPaBEdlgayEbk)ak; ¬Fragile Countries and Situations¦

GaRs½yedayrbbeKalneya)aymanPaBTn;exSay nigmanTMhMtUc PaBgayrgeRKaHEpñkesdækic© nigPaBTn; exSayEpñksßab½n nigvis½yepSg²enAkñúgRbeTsTaMgenH ADB RtUvrkmeFüa)ayRbkbedaykarécñRbDit edIm,IBRgwg RbsiT§PaBénKMrUdwknaMRbeTsedaymankarcUlrYm24. ADB nwgKaMRTkarebþCJacitþry³eBlEvg edayrMBwgTukfa karGnuvtþ skmμPaBkñúgRbeTs nigRbsiT§PaBCMnYy nwgRtUveFVIkarEksRmYl. ADB nwgRbwgERbgeFVIkartRmg;nUvCMnYyGPivDÆn_ rbs;xøÜnCamYyTIPñak;garpþl;mUlniFidéTeTot enAkRmityuT§sa®sþ nigKeRmag ehIynwgEsVgrkkarcUlrYmry³eBlEvg RbkbedayPaBbt;Ebn nigsuICeRmAbEnßmeTot kñúgkarbegáInsmtßPaB nigkarGPivDÆsßab½n ehIyeBlxøH RtUvrYmCamYyGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)alRsbc,ab;epSg²eTot. RsbeBlCamYyKñaenHEdr ADB nwgedIrtYCaXøaMgcMeNH dwgkñúgkarrYmcMENkcMeBaHkarpøas;bþÚr. ADB nwgeRbIR)as;viFan nigyuT§viFIRbkbedaykarécñRbDitkñúgyuT§saRsþ RbeTs nigKeRmag edaymineFVIkarsRmbsRmYlnUvkarGnuvtþeKalneya)ay nigviFankarBard¾twgrwgsRmab;kar RKb;RKgRbtibtþikarrbs;xøÜneLIy. visalPaBeBjeljénFnFansm,Tan ADF mUlniFiBiessepSg²eTot CMnYy \tsMNg mUlniFi ¬trust fund¦ RtUveKrMBwgTukfa nwgRtUvpþl;y:agFMbMputénhirBaØb,Tanrbs; ADB eTAdl;RbeTs nigsßanPaBEdlgayEbk)ak; ¬fragile countries and situations¦. kareRCIserIskñúgkareRbIR)as;FnFanmUlniFi Fmμta GaceFVIeTA)ansRmab;ehdæarcnasm<½n§esdækic©saFarN³ nigRbtibtþikarvis½yÉkCnenAkñúgRbeTsmYycMnYn.

24

ADB 2007³ karseRmcRbsiT§PaBGPivDÆenAkñúgbNþaRbeTsEdlmanskm μPaBkargarTn;exSay ¬yuT§viFIrbs;FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI edIm,I cUlrYmCamYyRbeTsEdlmanskmμPaBkargarTn;exSay¦ ma:nIl .

23

vis½yRbtibtþikarsñÚl

ADB minGac nigminBüayambMeBjnUvtRmUvkarTaMgGs;rbs;RbeTs DMCs eT. edIm,IbegáInnUvlT§plCa Gtibrma RbsiT§pl nigplb:HBal;nana ADB nwgeRbIR)as;FnFansßab½n nighirBaØvtßúrbs;xøÜneTAelivis½ysMxan; cMnYnR)aM KW ehdæarcnasm½<n§ brisßan kic©shRbtibtþikar nigsmahrNkmμtMbn; (RCI) karGPivDÆvis½yhirBaØvtßú nig karGb;rM. bNþaRbeTs DMCs rbs; ADB )anTTYlsÁal;nUv]tþmPaBrbs; ADB enAkñúgvis½yÉkeTsTaMgenH nigsmiT§plEdl)anbgðajCUn 25 . vis½yTaMgenH k¾mancMNgTak;Tgy:agCitsñiT§eTAnwgkmμviFIGPivDÆCayuT§sa®sþ edIm,IseRmc)annUvkMeNInesdækic©cRmuH kMeNInRbkbedaynirnþrPaBbrisßan nigkareFVIsmahrNkm μkñúgtMbn;. karKaMRTcMeBaHkarGPivDÆehdæarcnasm<½n§ brisßan karGPivDÆvis½yhirBaØvtßú nigkarGb;rM nwgmansar³sMxan; edIm,IRTRTg;kMeNIn nigpþl;nUvlT§PaBTTYl)ankalanuvtþPaBesdækic©EdlCasrsrRTUgBIrénkMeNIncRmuH. ehdæa- rcnasm<½n§ nigCMnYyvis½yhirBaØvtßúrbs; ADB nwgCYyCRmuj[ RCI edIreTAmux.

1> ehdæarcnasm<½n§

karvinieyaKelIehdæarcnasm<½n§rbs; ADB KWCamUldæanedIm,IseRmc)annUvkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk nigkMeNIn cRmuH nigGacrYmcMENkcMeBaHkMeNInRbkbedaynirnþrPaBbrisßan nigkareFVIsmahrNkmμkñúgtMbn; 26 pgEdr. ADB nwgvinieyaKelIehdæarcnasm<½n§edIm,IEklm¥kardwkCBaöÚn nigkarPöab;TUrKmnaKmn_enAkñúg nigrvagRbeTs

DMCs. edIm,IbMeBj)aneTAtamtRmUvkarfamBlRbkbedaynirnþrPaB ADB nwg³ ¬1¦ CYyBRgIkkarpÁt;pÁg;fam Bl ¬2¦ elIkkm<s;RbsiT§plfamBltamviFankarpÁt;pÁg; nigbMeBjtRmUvkar ¬3¦ KaMRTfamBlbrisuT§ nig ¬4¦ sRmbsRmYlkarlubecalnUvkarraMgsÞHedaysarEtbBaðaeKalneya)ay sßab½n bTb,BaØtþi bec©kviTüa nigEpñkc,ab; edIm,IelIkkm<s;kareRbIR)as;famBlRbkbedayRbsiT§pl. edIm,IrYmcMENkdl;suxPaBsaFarN³ ADB nwgvinieyaKelITwk Gnam½y nigRbB½n§RKb;RKgkaksMNl;. ADB k¾nwgbnþvinieyaKelIehdæarcnasm<½n§ CnbT edayRKbdNþb;elIkarRKb;RKgTwk nigRbB½n§Farasa®sþ pøÚvCnbT GKÁisnIykmμ nigesvakmμCnbT Edlpþl;plRbeyaCn_CaBiessdl;®sþI. kñúgvis½yehdæarcnasm<½n§TIRkug ADB nwgepþateTAelIkarpÁt;pÁg;Twk Gnam½y karRKb;RKgkaksMNl; nigkardwkCBaöÚnkñúgTIRkug. CagenHeTAeTot ADB nwgbnþpþl;karsþarnItism,Ta CaGaTiPaB nigCMnYyelIkarksagsßanPaBeRkayCemøaH nigeRkayeRKaHmhnþray.

25 tamry³karBieRKaHeyabl;kñúgtMbn; ADB )anBicarNaelIkareqøIytbEdlxøÜn)anTTYlBIRbeTs DMCs PaKIBak;B½n§mYycMnYn nigkar vaytémø EdleFVIeLIgedaynaykdæanvaytémøkic©Rbtibtþikar. 26 RbeTs DMCs TaMgGs ;)anbgðajnUvkarKaMRTy:agmutmaMcMeBaHkarbnþRbtibtþikareTAelIehdæarcnasm<½n§.

24

Rbtibtþikarrbs; ADB elIehdæarcnasm<½n§ nwgminkMNt;RtwmEtkarsßabnaRTBürUbvnþenaHeT. RbtibtþikarTaMgenaH nwgrab;bBa©ÚlTaMgkarEklm¥elIkarEbgEckesvaehdæarcnasm<½n§ EdlnwgbegáIt)annUvbriyakasCYyCRmujelI karGPivDÆn_vis½yÉkCn. ADB nwg ¬1¦ksagsmtßPaBrbs;RbeTs DMCs sRmab;karRKb;RKgehdæarcna sm<½n§[RbesIreLIg ¬2¦elIkm<s;kMENTRmg;eKalneya)ay nigsßab½nedIm,ICYybegáInRbsiT§plénRbtibtþikar nignirnþrPaBénKeRmagehdæarcnasm<½n§ nig ¬3¦KaMRTelIRbB½n§EckcayedIm,IbegáInkareFVIBaNiCökmμ nigkarvinieyaK Tunedaysagsg;ehdæarcnasm<½n§mUldæan nigbegáItkalanuvtþPaBBIkMENTRmg;eKalneya)ay nigsßab½n. eRkam yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 kic©Rbtibtþikarehdæarcnasm<½n§rbs; ADB nwgsgát;F¶n;eTAelIPaBCaédKUrvagvis½ysaFarN³ nigÉkCn nigkarcUlrYmrbs;vis½yÉkCn. ADB nwgelIkkm<s;tYnaTIrbs;xøÜn[)anFMeFgbEnßmeTotsRmab; vis½yÉkCnenAkñúgkarpþl;hirBaØb,Tan eTaHCatamlkçN³CaGñk]btßmÖKeRmag b¤plb½Rtsßab½n ¬Institutional

bond¦b¤CavinieyaKinsmFm’k¾eday. tYnaTIbnÞab;rbs; ADB nwgbegáInnUvkarpÁt;pÁg;mUlFncMeBaHehdæarcnasm<½n§ kñúgkarGPivDÆtMbn;. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday k¾karEklm¥TIpSarbMNulkñúgRsukrbs;RbeTsmYy nwgRtUvmanCa caM)ac; edIm,IbegáInlMhUrmUlniFieTAkñúgkarGPivDÆehdæarcnasm<½n§.

2> brisßan

ADB nwgBRgwgkarykcitþTukdak;énRbtibtþikarrbs;xøÜneTAelIbrisßan edIm,IseRmc[)annUvkMeNInRbkb edaynirnþrPaBbrisßansRmab;tMbn;. ADB nwgBRgIkkarelIkkm<s; nigkarvinieyaKeTAelIkarRKb;RKgbrisßan[ )ansmRsb xN³eBlEdlkMBugbegáInedImTunelIRbtibtþikar]tþmPaBrbs;xøÜn dUcCa karGPivDÆehdæarcnasm<½n§ nig hirBaØvtßú. enAkñúgkmμviFIeKalneya)ay nigyuT§sa®sþrbs;xøÜn ADB nwgepþateTAelI ³

(i) bERmbRmYlGakasFatu³ ADB nwgCYyRbeTs DMCs kñúgkarGPivDÆesdækic©rbs;eKeq<aHeTArkkMeNIn EdleRbIR)as;kabUnTab ¬low-carbon growth¦ eday³ ¬k¦Eklm¥RbsiT§plénfamBl ¬x¦ BRgIkkar eRbIR)as;RbPBfamBlbrisuT§ ¬K¦kat;bnßykarbeBa©j]sμ½nGaKarkBa©k; dUcCa Methane EdlekIt ecjBIkarcak;bMeBjdI ¬X¦eFVITMenIbkmμRbB½n§dwkCBaöÚnsaFarN³ nig ¬g¦ bBaÄb;karkab;bMpøajéRBeQI. ADB nwgCYydl;RbeTs DMCs pgEdr [sRmbeTAtamplb:HBal;EdlminGacecosputbNþalmkBI bERmbRmYlGakasFatu dUcCa plb:HBal;EdlTak;TgeTAnwgsuxPaB tamry³kareFVIEpnkarfñak;Cati nigfñak;Rkug karvinieyaKelIviFankarkarBar karKaMRTkarFana nig]bkrN_EckrMElkhaniP½yepSg² nig KeRmag {Tb;Tl;nwgGakasFatu - climate proofing}. karRKb;RKghaniP½yeRKaHmhnþray KWCaEpñkmYy d¾sMxan;éndMeNIrkarGPivDÆn_ . karRKb;RKgRbkbedaynirnþrPaBénéRBeQI nigFnFanFmμCatiepSg² eTot sMrab;pÁt;pÁg;Twks¥at karkarBarCIvsa®sþcRmuH nigkarRKb;RKgCatikabUnBIbriyakasedIm,ITb;

25

Tl;nwgkarbeBa©j]sμ ½nGaKarkBa©k; nwgkøayCaEpñkmYyénCMnYyrbs; ADB edIm,IedaHRsaybERbbRmYl GakasFatu.

(ii) TIRkugEdlGacrs;enA)an³ edIm,Ikat;bnßyCatikabUnBITIRkugenAtMbn;GasuI ]TahrN_ brimaNén]sμ½n GaKarkBa©k;d¾eRKaHfñak;Edl)anbeBa©j ADB nwgCYyRbeTs nigTIRkugenAkñúgRbeTsTaMgenaHedIm,I edaHRsaybBaðabrisßanmYycMnYnEdlbNþalmkBIkarrIkceRmInénTIRkugd¾qab;rh½s. CMnYyTaMgenH rYmmankarkat;bnßykarbMBulbrisßankñúgxül; nigkñúgTwk karKaMRTrebobdwkCBaöÚnEdls¥at karEklm¥ RbB½n§sRmab;RKb;RKgkaksMNl;rwg nigkarkat;bnßykaksMNl;kñúgTIRkug.

(iii) skm μPaBbMeBjbEnßm³ ADB nwgCYydl;KMnitpþÜcepþImelIbrisßan eTAkñúgeKalneya)ay nigkm μviFI vinieyaKrbs;RbeTs DMCs xN³eBlEdlkMBugCYyBRgwgc,ab; bTb,BaØtiþ nigbegáInsmtßPaBrbs; sßab½nsaFarN³elIKMnitpþÜcepþImGMBIbrisßan. ADB nwgbnþBRgwgkarkarBarbrisßanenAkñúgRbtibtþikar rbs;xøÜn nigkñúgRbB½n§rbs;RbeTs elIkkm<s; nigKaMRTshRbtibtþikarkñúgtMbn; edIm,Ipþl;viFIsa®sþ nig dMeNaHRsayd¾manRbsiT§PaBelIesvabrisßansaFarN³ nigsRmbsRmYlkarepÞrcMeNHdwgsþIBIkar RKb;RKgbrisßan nigbec©kviTüafμ I.

3> kic©shRbtibtþikar nigkareFVIsmahrNkmμkñúgtMbn; (RCI)

RsbeTAtamkm μviFIyuT§sa®sþf μ I edIm,IelIkkm<s;kareFVIsmahrNkmμkñúgtMbn;[)anFMTUlaybEnßmeTot ADB nwgbegáInkarKaMRTrbs;xøÜncMeBaH RCI edaybegáInTaMgbrimaNénRbtibtþikar RCI nigkarrYmcMENkrbs; RCI enAkñúgRbtibtþikarTaMgmUl. edIm,IdMeNIrkardUecñH)an ADB nwgBüayambMeBjnUvtRmUvkarEdlmin)an bMeBjmYycMnYnsRmab;karpþÜcepþImrbs; RCI kñúgtMbn;. karvinieyaKrbs; ADB nwgBenøÓnkMeNIn nigPaBCaéd KUesdækic© RBmTaMg edIm,IedaHRsayhaniP½y nigkarRbQmmuxrYmmYycMnYn. eRkamyuT§sa®sþ qñaM 2020

ADB nwgedIrtYnaTIbYnenAkñúgtMbn; ¬1¦begáInFnFanhirBaØvtßúsRmab;KeRmag kmμviFI RCI nigCMnYybec©keTs EdlBak;B½n§ 27 nig¼b¤ CYyRbeTs DMCs kñúgkarekogKrmUlniFi nigCMnYybec©keTs ¬2¦ BRgIkkarbegáIt nigpSBVpSaycMeNHdwg nigB½t’mansþIGMBI RCI dl;RbeTs DMCs ¬3¦ begáInkarKaMRTcMeBaHRbeTs DMCs nig GgÁkarkñúgtMbn;edIm,IksagsmtßPaBsßab½nkñúgkarRKb;RKg RCI nig ¬4¦ BRgwgtYnaTIrbs; ADB CakatalIkr nigGñksRmbsRmYl RCI sRmab;RbeTs DMCs. skm μPaBTaMgenH maneKalbMNgbegáInskm μPaB

27

TA CYybNþaRbeTsnanaedIm,IkMNt; nigerobcMKeRmag elIkkm<s;sßab½n erobcMyuT§sa®sþGPivDÆn_ b¤CRmujkic©shRbtibtþikarkñúgtMbn;. TA GacTTYlhirBaØb,TanedayCMnYy\tsMNg b¤ km©I ¬mþgmáal¦ tamry³fvikakNþalrbs; ADB b¤ mUlniFiBiessmYycMnYn Edlpþl;[eday m©as;CMnYyCasmaCikrbs; ADB .

26

RCI CaBiess enAkñúgGnutMbn;EdlkMBugxVHxat nigkMBugRtUvkarplRbeyaCn_BI RCI edIm,IbMeBjtRmUvkar EdlkMBugEtekItmaneLIgsRmab;karvinieyaKedIm,IplRbeyaCn_tMbn; nigBiPBelak dUcCa bERmbRmYl GakasFatu CaedIm.

4> karGPivDÆvis½yhirBaØvtßú

karGPivDÆvis½yhirBaØvtßúmansar³sMxan;Nas; edIm,IFanakMeNInesdækic©RbkbedaynirnþrPaB nignaMmux edayvis½yÉkCn. CagenHeTAeTot edayKμanlT§PaBTTYl)anesvahirBaØvtßúpøÚvkar nigkarFanara:b;rgsgÁm edaynirnþrPaB rYmTaMg R)ak;esaFnnivtþn_pgenaH GñkRkIRk nwgRtUv)anpat;ecjBIdMeNIrkar nigplRbeyaCn_ énkMeNIn. eRkamyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 ADB nwgBRgwgkarKaMRTrbs;xøÜncMeBaHvis½yhirBaØvtßúfñak;tMbn; nigfñak;Cati edaykarCYyGPivDÆehdæarcnasm<½n§hirBaØvtßú sßab½n plitpl nigesvakmμ. edIm,IelIkkm<s;kMeNIncRmuH ADB

nwgCYybegáItbriyakassRmab;vis½ymIRkUhirBaØvtßú sßab½nhirBaØvtßúCnbT shRKasxñattUc nigmFüm ehIynwg CYypSBVpSaynUvkareRbIR)as;bec©kviTüaedIm,IBRgIkkarTTYl)anénRbB½n§hirBaØvtßúpøÚvkardl;tMbn;CnbT. enAfñak;tMbn; ADB nwgbnþKaMRTkareFVIBaNiCökmμqøgEdn. cMeBaHkarbegáItnUvTIpSarplb½RtkñúgtMbn; ADB nwgsRmbsRmYldl; karbegáItRkbx½NÐbTb,BaØtiþ ynþkarFana\NTanrYm nigRbB½n§TUTat;hirBaØvtßútMbn;mYy. tamry³karpþÜcepþIm EbbenH ADB nwgbnþCYycat;EcgR)ak;snSMrbs;tMbn;eGayERbkøayeTACakarvinieyaKepSg²RbkbedayEpøpáarbMput CaBiess kñúgkarGPivDÆTIpSarmUlFn. ADB nwgbnþCYyksagsmtßPaBrbs;sßab½nhirBaØvtßú nigniytkr edayEN naMnUvkarGnuvtþGnþrCatid¾l¥bMput edayeFVIshRbtibtþikarCamYymUlniFirUbiyvtßúGnþrCati nigFnaKarBiPBelak. ADB k¾nwgKaMRTpgEdrdl;karbegáItynþkarRbqaMgkarlagluykxVk; edayshkarCamYyTIPñak;garpþl;CMnYynana.

5> karGb;rM

karvinieyaKkñúg niglT§PaBTTYl)ankarGb;rM nigkarbNþúHbNþalviCöaCIv³manPaBcaM)ac;cMeBaHkMeNIn cRmuHbEnßmeTot. ADB )anbgðajsmiT§plGb;rMEdl)anTTYleCaKC½ykñúgtYnaTIdwknaMkarGPivDÆKeRmag nigkm μviFI Gb;rMTUTaMgRbeTs. ADB nwgbnþBRgIkkarKaMRTnUvlT§PaBTTYl)ankarGb;rMmUldæan nigmFümsikSa [Rbkb edayKuNPaBx<s; CaBiessenARbeTs DMCs tUc² nigRkIRk. ADB nwgbegáInkarykcitþTukdak;edaypÞal;rbs; xøÜnedIm,IelIkkm<s;KuNPaBGb;rM vKÁbNþúHbNþalbec©keTs nigviCöaCIv³ RBmTaMg CMnajeRCIserIsmYycMnYnenAkñúg ]tþmsikSa. ADB k¾nwgBRgIkkarKaMRTpgEdrdl;Gnuvis½yGb;rMeRkaymFümsikSa. ADB nwgCYyGPivDÆeKal- neya)ay nigsmtßPaB edIm,IFanafa kmμviFIEklm¥karGb;rMRtUv)anGnuvtþya:gmanRbsiT§PaB. enAkñúgvis½yTaMgGs;enH

27

ADB nwgEsVgrkkalanuvtþPaBsRmab;GPivDÆn_viFIsa®sþ nig]bkrN_fμ I²EdlBak;B½n§CamYynwgPaBCaédKUrvag EpñksaFarN³ nigÉkCn.

vis½yRbtibtþikarnana

eRkamyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 ADB nwgFanafa kareRCIserIs nigkareqøIytbRtUvEtedIrTnÞwmKña edIm,IGnuBaØat[

ADB pþl;RbeTs DMCs nUvlT§pl nigesvakmμEdlmankarBak;B½n§bMputenAkñúgkic©RbwgERbgGPivDÆCati nigtMbn;. kñúgdMeNIrkaryuT§sa®sþPaBCaédKUCamYyrdæaPi)alénRbeTs DMCs ADB nwgkMNt;karrYmbBa¢ÚlKñaénplitpl nigesvakmμd¾RtwmRtUvrbs;xøÜn. sRmab;bBaðananakñúgGaTiPaBRbtibtþikarsMxan;²rbs;xøÜn ADB nwgRbwgERbgelIk TwkcitþskmμPaBshRbtibtþikar nigCYybegáItkmμviFIPaBCaédKU. ADB nwgTTYltYnaTIPaBCaGñkdwknaM nigkar eRbIR)as;FnFanrbs;xøÜnedIm,IeqøIytbeTAnwgkarRbQmmuxelIkarGPivDÆrbs;RbeTs DMCs xN³EdlxøÜn kMBugEtekogKr nigRKb;RKgFnFanxageRkA. ADB )a:n;RbmaNfa RbtibtþikarRbmUlpþúMrbs;xøÜn 80° nwgeFVI eTAelivis½ysMxan;²cMnYnR)aM . ADB k¾nwgeFVIRbtibtþikarkñúgkRmitmYysRmab;vis½yepSg²eTotEdlRtUvkarvtþman rbs;xøÜnpgEdr.

1> suxPaB

ADB TTYlsÁal;fa suxPaBmansar³sMxan;Nas;cMeBaHkarGPivDÆn_ plitPaB karcUlrYmkñúgsgÁm nigsmFm’ eynD½r. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday shKmn_GnþrCati)anbegáItédKUPaBsuxPaBsklRbEhl70 kñúgGMLúgeBlCag db;qñaMknøgmkenH. shKmn_GnþrCatiTaMgenH )anbegáInkarpþl;hirBaØb,Tandl;vis½ysuxaPi)alénRbeTs DMCs nig)anBRgIklT§PaBTTYl)anesva nigplitplsuxaPi)alEdlmanKuNPaBCalkçN³GnþrCati. kñúgbriyakas enH ADB nwgrYmcMENkelIkkm<s;vis½ysuxaPi)al PaKeRcIn nwgeFVItamtamry³KeRmagehdæarcnasm<½n§ dUcCa karRKb;RKgTwks¥at nigGnam½y nigeFVItamry³kargarGPi)alkic©EdlepþateTAelIkarRKb;RKgcMNaysaFarN³ edIm,IEckcayesva nigkm μviFIsuxaPi)alRbkbedayRbsiT§PaBdl;RkumRbCaCnTaMgGs;. cMeBaHbBaðaEdlTak;Tg eTAnwgEpñksuxaPi)aldéTeTot ADB RtUvEtmankareRCIserIs nigkarepþatkarykcitþTukdak;x<s; edaycUlrYmenA kñúgtYnaTIEdl)ankMNt;ya:gc,as;las;kñúgédKUPaBpÞal;CamYynwgsßab½nCMnajepSg²eTot. ADB nwgbnþkic©shkar edIm,IsRmal nigRKb;RKgkarqøg nigraldalénCm¶Wqøg CaBiess Cm¶WeGds_ enAkñúgKeRmagdwkCBaöÚn nig ehdæarcnasm<½n§epSg²eTotrbs;xøÜn. ADB nwgpþl;CMnYykMNt;TukepSg²eTot rYmTaMg karGPivDÆsmtßPaBsRmab; RbeTs DMCs EdlCajwkjab;manbBaðaGenþaRbevsn_kñúgRsuk nigqøgkat;RBMEdnrbs;buKÁlEdlmanpÞúkCm¶Wqøg

28

RbkbedayeRKaHfñak;. ADB nwgshkarCamYyédKUdéTeTotedIm,IXøaMemIl28 EckrMElknUvB½t’man nigeFVIEpnkarenA fñak;Cati nigtMbn;enAeBlEdlmankarelceLIgnUvkarRBYy)armÖGMBIbBaðaqøgCm¶WTUTaMgtMbn;.

2> ksikmμ

kalBIGtItkal ksikmμCRmujnUvkMeNInPaKeRcInkñúgtMbn;tamry³vdþCnbTmUldæan (roral-based cycle) sRmab;karelIkkm<s;plitPaB karpþl;kargareFVI nigkareRbIR)as;epSg². CalT§pl ksikmμCYyCRmujdl;kMeNIn ]sSahkmμ. eTaHCaya:gNak¾eday enAeBlesdækic©mankarpøas;bþÚr karrYmcMENkrbs;ksikmμcMeBaHkMeNIn esdækic©CatikMBugEtmankarFøak;cuH. PaKeRcInénGñkRkIRkenAEtrs;enAkñúgtMbn;CnbTenAeLIy ehIyvis½yksikmμ enAEtCaRbPBelIkkm<s;plitPaB pþl;kargartamrdUv nigRbPBénkMeNInR)ak;cMNUl CaBiess enAeBlEdlva RtUv)antP¢ab;eTAnwgTIpSarTIRkug ]sSahkm μ nigTIpSarnaMecj. dUecñHehIy karKaMRTcMeBaHvis½yksikm μ nig tMbn;CnbT KWCaEpñkmUldæanmYyényuT§sa®sþkMeNIncRmuH. CagenHeTAeTot kMeNInRbCaCn sm<aFelIFnFan FmμCati karRbkYtRbECgelIkareRbIR)as;es,ógGahar dMNaM plb:HBal;GakasFatud¾xøaMg nigbERmbRmYl GakasFatu nwgbegáInnUvhaniP½ycMeBaHsuvtßiPaBes,ógGahareTAéf¶GnaKt. ADB nwgKaMRTkarGPivDÆksikmμ nigCnbT PaKeRcIn nwgeFVItamry³KMeragehdæarcnasm<½n§sRmab;eFVIkardwkCBaöÚnenACnbT RbB½n§Farasa®sþ nigTwk nigmIRkUhirBaØvtßú. kic©xitxMRbwgERbgTaMgenH nwgbMeBjbEnßmedaykarRKb;RKgFnFanFmμCati nigskmμPaB RCI

dUcCa skmμPaBEdlTak;TgeTAnwgkarvinieyaK nigkareFVIBaNiCökmμksikm μ enAkñúgmhaGnutMbn;TenøemKgÁ tamry³PaBCaédKUCamYyTIPñak;garGPivDÆn_ÉkeTs nigGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)ald¾éTeTot.

3> CMnYysRmab;kars®gÁaHbnÞan; nigeRKaHmhnþray

tMbn;GasuI )a:suIhVik TTYlrgeRKaHmhnþrayFmμCatieRcInCagtMbn;epSg²eTotenAelIBiPBelak. ADB man RbvtþiCayUrmkehIykñúgkareqøIytb)any:agqab;rh½s nigy:agmanRbsiT§PaBcMeBaHtRmUvkarbnÞan;sRmab;karsþar nigsßabnaRbeTs DMCs eLIgvij. eRkamyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 ADB nwgbnþCYyRKb;RKghaniP½yeRKaHmhnþray

28 enAkñúgRbeTs b¤vis½yEdlplb½Rtrbs; ADB minskm μ KWedaysarktþanana dUcCa bMNulminsg Gsnþisux b¤GPi)alkic©Tn;exSay. karXøaMemIlB½t’manxøI²CYyrkSamUldæancMeNHdwgrbs; ADB nigkaryl;dwg cMeBaHninñakaresdækic© nigsgÁm. karXøaMemIlB½t’manxøI² CYy[ ADB eqøIytb)anya:gqab;rh½senAeBlsßanPaBtRmUv[manGnþraKmn_CabnÞan; nig¼b¤ karcab;epþImskmμPaBrbs; ADB eLIgvij. karXøaM emIlB½t’manxøI²TaMgenH CaFm μtaeFVItamry³PaKITIbI dUcCa GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al b¤ TIPñak;garCaédKUrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati EdlkMBug bMeBjkargarenAnwgkEnøg.

29

nigpþl;nUvkareqøIytbdMbUg nigry³eBlBak;kNaþaléneRKaHmhnþray nigCMnYy edayshkarCamYyTIPñak;garpþl; CMnYyÉkeTsd¾éTeTot.

30

V. eKaledA nigskm μPaBkargar

eRkamyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 ADB nwgbþÚrdMeNIrRbtibtþikar nigEksRmYllkçN³sßab½nrbs;xøÜn Edl)an ENnaMedaycMNucrYmsMxan;²dUcxageRkam ³

(i) PaBeqøIytb³ cMeBaHplRbeyaCn_énkarGPivDÆn_Cak;lak;rbs;RbeTsCasmaCikTaMgGs; . (ii) karTTYlsÁal;kmμsiT§rbs;RbeTs³ edIm,IsRmYl[RbeTsCaédKUmanlT§PaBGnuvtþPaBCaGñkdwknaMRbkb

edayRbsiT§PaBelIeKalneya)ay yuT§sa®sþ nigskmμPaBGPivDÆn_ . (iii) karpSaPöab;eTAnwgsþg;darsIlFm’ nigviCöaCIv³x<s;bMput³ sRmab;GgÁPaB nigkmμviFIrbs;xøÜn nigTMnak;TMng

rbs;PaKIEdlBak;B½n§nana . (iv) PaBCaGñkdwknaM nigesvakm μelceFøa³ tamry³karEckrMElkB½t’man nigcMeNHdwg nigtamry³

skmμPaBshRbtibtþikarelIbBaððaEdlkMBugRbQmenAkñúgtMbn;. (v) karebþCJacMeBaHPaBCaédKU³ CamYysmaCikdéTeToténshKmn_GnþrCatienAkñúgkarGnuvtþkmμviFIVEpnkar

nigkarekogKrFnFansRmab;karGPivDÆkñúgtMbn; nig (vi) KNenyüPaB nigkarepþatelIlT§pl³ edaykarkMNt;eKalbMNgc,as;las; nigkarerobcMkargar nig

FnFanedIm,IseRmc[)annUveKaledATaMgenaH.

edIm,IFananUvKuNPaB RbsiT§pl nigRbsiT§PaBénkarrIkeceRmIn nigRbtibtþikarrbs;xøÜn ADB nwgeRbIR)as; Rkbx½NÐlT§plEdlnwgbBa©ÚlsUcnakrKeRmag RbeTs nigsßab½n.

karpøas;bþÚrrbs; ADB eq<aHeTAqñaM 2020 ³ eKaledARbtibtþi

sUcnakr nigeKaledAxageRkamenH nwgRtUveRbIR)as;edIm,Ivas;EvgkarrIkceRmInrbs; ADB kñúgkarEkERbRbtibtþi karrbs;xøÜnedayGnuelameTAtamktþaénkarpøas;bþÚrsMxan;² nigvis½yRbtibtþisñÚlrbs;yuT§saRsþqñaM 2020.

1> plb½Rtkm©Irbs; ADB

eKrMBwgTukfa plb½Rtkm©Irbs; ADB nwgmankarpøas;bþÚr ehIynwgmankan;EteRcInbEnßmeTotenAkñúgvis½y yuT§sa®sþ nigRbtibtþikarfμ Irbs;xøÜn ehIymanPaBxusKñaBIplb½Rtkm©Ibc©úb,nñrbs; ADB enAkñúgbYncMNucdUc xageRkam ³

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(i) cMENkd¾elIslb;énRbtibtþikarrbs; ADB enAkñúgvis½yRbtibtþikarsñÚlrbs;xøÜn³ Rbtibtþikarrbs; ADB nwgbegáInkarykcitþTukdak;eTAelIvis½yRbtibtþikarsMxan;R)aM ehIymankarGnum½tsrubRbcaMqñaM 80° RtwmqñaM 2012.

(ii) karbegáInkarGPivDÆvis½yÉkCn nigRbtibtþikarvis½yÉkCn enARKb;vis½yRbtibtþikarTaMgGs;³ kar KaMRTrbs; ADB cMeBaHkarGPivDÆvis½yÉkCnenAkñúgtMbn; nwgmankarekIneLIgya:gxøaMg TaMgcMnYnén KeRmagEdlpþl;hirBaØb,Taneday ADB nigTaMgPaKh‘unénRbtibtþikarRbcaMqñaMrbs;xøÜn Edlman eKaledA 50° RtwmqñaM 2020.

(iii) karbegáInCMnYyedIm,IKaMRTkarGPivDÆn_RbkbedaynirnþrPaBbrisßan³ ADB nwgbegáInCMnYyrbs;xøÜncMeBaH karGPivDÆRbkbedaynirnþrPaBbrisßan rYmTaMg kic©xitxMRbwgERbgedIm,IedaHRsaykarbeBa©j]sμ ½nkabUn DIGuksuIt nigbERmbRmYlGakasFatu. RbtibtþikarTaMgenH nwgkøayeTACacMENkya:gsMxan;énRbti- btþikarrbs; ADB RtwmqñaM 2012.

(iv) karbegáInkic©shRbtibtþikar nigsmahrNkmμtMbn;enAkñúgvis½yRbtibtþikarTaMgGs;³ edIm,IbMeBjnUv tRmUvkarEdl)anrMBwgTuk nigedIm,IseRmcnUveKaledArbs;xøÜnkñúgkarelIkTwkcitþ nigkarKaMRT RCI

ADB nwgbegáInkm©Isrubrbs;xøÜnsRmab;vis½ysaFarN³ nigÉkCnenAfñak;tMbn; nigGnutMbn;. km©IenH nwgerobcMsRmab;cMnYnEdlkMBugEtekIneLIgénRbtibtþikarTaMgmUl ya:gehacNas; [)an 30° RtwmqñaM 2020.

2> karbegáInédKUPaB

ADB nwgeFVIédKUPaBCaEpñksñÜlmYyénKMrUkargarrbs;xøÜn. édKUPaBTaMgenH nwgekogKrFnFanhirBaØvtßú elIkkm<s;karyl;dwg dak;lT§PaBd¾viessrbs; ADB [eRbIR)as;FMTUlay nigkan;EtRbsIrCagmun bMeBjtRmUvkar BiesssRmab;KeRmagGPivDÆn_ÉkeTs nigCYyelIkkm<s;RbsiT§PaBCMnYyTUTaMgtMbn;. édKUPaB nwgkøayeTACa sñÚlkNþalmYyénkarcUlrYmrbs; ADB kñúgkarerobcMEpnkar karpþl;hirBaØb,Tan nigkarGnuvtþRbtibtþikar. rebobvar³édKUPaBeRkamyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 nwgbegáInlMhUrFnFan CYysRmbsRmYlBaNiCökmμ pSBVpSay bec©kviTüafμ I² nigbegáInbNþajCMnajkargar. eRkABIvis½yRbtibtþikarsñÚlrbs;xøÜn ADB GacepÞrtYnaTIdwknaMenA kñúgkic©pþÜcepþImGPivDÆn_. EpñkCak;lak;éneKaledAenH rYmman ³

(i) karbegáInédKUPaBelIRbtibtþikar nigshhirBaØb,TanCamUldæan³ km©IshhirBaØb,Tanrbs; ADB nwg begáInnUvGRtamYyelOnCagRbtibtþikarEdlpþl;hirBaØb,TanEtÉgrbs; ADB CamYynwgeKaledAry³eBlEvgénshhirBaØb,TanpÞal;RbcaMqñaMsrubelIscMnYnKeRmaghirBaØb,TanEdl ADB pþl;EtÉg.

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(ii) karpSBVpSaycMeNHdwg[)anTUlMTUlaybEnßmeTot³ ADB nwgBRgwgdMeNaHRsaycMeNHdwg edIm,ITTYl)an karvaytémøx<s;BIGtifiCnrbs;xøÜnedayEp¥kelIkarGegátTsSn³yl;dwg ¬perception survey¦ 29 nig karsikSavaytémøBiessrbs;naykdæanvaytémøRbtibtþikarsþIBIkarGnuvtþKeRmagCMnYybec©keTs 30 . ADB nwgBRgIkbNþajCamYyédKUGPivDÆn_ edIm,IelIkkm<s;karEckrMElkcMeNHdwg nigTsSn³epSg².

3> kartaMgcitþGnuvtþesckþIEføgkarN_Rkug)a:rIs

kñúgkarsßabnaédKUPaBCamYyRbeTs DMCs nigPñak;garGPivDÆn_déTeTotrbs;xøÜn ADB nwgEckrMElkkar TTYlxusRtUvEdl)ankMNt; mantmøaPaB sRmbsRmYl nigmankarTTYlxusRtUveTAvijeTAmk edIm,IEklm¥ RbsiT§PaBCMnYy. ADB nwgbnþraykarN_skmμPaBRbtibtþi nigsßab½n eRkamRbB½n§vaytémøskmμPaBRbcaMqñaMrYm nigr)aykarN_GegáttamdanRbcaMqñaMBiPBelak Edlr)aykarN_TaMgBIrenHRtUv)anerobcMeLIgtamry³kic©sh- karrvagFnaKarGPivDÆn_BhuPaKI nigsßab½nhirBaØvtßúGnþrCatiepSg²eTot. ADB eFVIkarebþCJaedIm,IbMeBjral;kartaMg citþsMxan;²rbs;xøÜn eRkamesckþIEføgkarN_Rkug)a:rIs EdlmaneKaledARBmeRBogqñaM 2012.

4> eKalneya)ayqøgputrbs;RbeTs DMCs (DMCs Graduation)

edayBicarNaeTAelIkarBiPakSamun²enAkñúgCMBUkTI4 sþIGMBIsar³sMxan;énkaryl;dwgbribTGPivDÆ nigTsSn vis½ycMeBaHRbeTs DMCs nImYy² nigkarsnñidæan Edlfa esdækic©rbs;tMbn;TaMgmUlnwgrkSakMeNInesdækic©y:ag xøaMgrbs;xøÜn ADB maneKalbMNgCYyRbeTs DMCs edIm,Ivas;EvgkarvivtþeRkameKalneya)ayqøgput ¬graduation policy¦ rbs;xøÜn³ ¬1¦Gñkx©IRkum {K} ¬bNþaRbeTsEdlmansiT§x©IEtFnFan OCR¦ enARtwmqñaM 2008 nwg)anTTYl b¤sßitenABak;kNþaldMeNIrkar ¬medium-term path¦edIm,ITTYl)aneKalneya)ayqøgput BICMnYyFmμtarbs; ADB RtwmqñaM 2020 ¬2¦ Gñkx©IRkum {x} ¬bNþaRbeTsEdlmansiT§x©IFnFan ADF nig OCR ¦ enARtwmqñaM 2008 nwg)anTTYl b¤sßitenABak;kNþaldMeNIrkar edIm,ITTYl)aneKalneya)ayqøgput OCR RtwmqñaM 2020 nig ¬3¦ Gñkx©IRkum {k} ¬RbeTsEdlmansiT§x©IEtFnFan ADF¦ enARtwmqñaM 2008 nwg)anTTYl b¤sßit enABak;kNþaldMeNIrkar edIm,ITTYl)aneKalneya)ayqøgputeTAzan³Rkum {x} RtwmqñaM 2020. ADB nwgbnþxitxMRbwgERbgedIm,IFanafa K μanRbeTsNamYyRtUv)anTukecaleLIy ehIyral;kic©xitxMRbwgERbg TaMgLay RtUv)aneFVIeLIgedIm,ICYyRbeTsTn;exSay[seRmc)annUveKaledAGPivDÆn_rbs;xøÜn.

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ADB 2006³ karsÞabsÞg;elIkaryl;dwgrbs; ADB ³ karsÞabsÞg;BhuCatiénKMnitfñak;dwknaMqñaM 2006 ma:nIl . 30 ADB 2007³ karsikSavaytémøBiesselIkarGnuvtþénskmμPaBbec©keTs ma:nIl .

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karpøas;bþÚrrbs; ADB eq<aHeTAqñaM 2020 ³ eKaledAsßab½n

fñak;dwknaMrbs; ADB taMgcitþbegáIt nigRTRTg;RbB½n§sßab½n nigelIkkm<s;smtßPaBEdlcaM)ac;sRmab;RbsiT§PaB énkarGnuvtþyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020. enAdMNak;kalcab;epþImdMbUgrbs;xøÜn fñak;dwknaMmanbMNgepþateTAelIEpñk mUldæanbYnénkarEkERbsßab½nrbs; ADB ³ yuT§sa®sþ FnFanmnusS rcnasm<½n§sßab½n nigdMeNIrkarkargar.

1> karEklm¥sm<½n§PaBenAkñúgyuT§sa®sþ nigeKalneya)ayrYm

PaBRcMEdl nigPaBRtYtsIuKñacMeBaHkarekIneLIgényuT§sa®sþ nigeKalneya)ayrbs; ADB bNþal[mankarEbg EckFnFanrbs;sßab½nticCagtRmUvkar. enAkñúgdMNak;kalcab;epþImdMbUgényuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 fñak;dwknaM nwgsRmYl karerobcMeKalneya)ay nigyuT§sa®sþrYmrbs; ADB edIm,IeFVI[yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 køayCaRkbx½NÐyuT§sa®sþ TUlMTUlay nigmansar³sMxan;rbs; ADB. yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 nwgepþatkarykcitþTukdak; nigdwknaMédKU yuT§sa®sþtamRbeTs vis½y nigtamEpñk. kmμviFIkargar nigRkbx½NÐfvika nwgqøúHbBa©aMg nigKaMRT TisedAyuT§sa®sþrbs;yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 elImUldæanry³mFüm edIm,IFanafa Rbtibtþikarrbs; ADB eTAGnaKt nigkarekogKrFnFansIusgVak;Kña. kmμviFI nigRkbx½NÐenH nwgbegáInnUvRbsiT§plrYm nigelIkkm<s;lT§pl GPivDÆn_. Rkbx½NÐlT§plrbs; ADB nwgCYyeFVIkarvaytémøelIkarrIkceRmInénkarGnuvtþyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020.

2> karGPivDÆFnFanmnusS nigCMnajcRmuH

CakarBitNas; buKÁlikrbs; ADB KWCaRTBüd¾sMxan;bMput ehIysmtßPaBkñúgkarCYl nigrkSaTukbuKÁlik EdlRbkbedayCMnaj nigeTBekaslü nwgpþl;[ ADB nUvskþanuBledIm,IseRmcnUvTsSnvis½yrbs;xøÜnsRmab; tMbn;. eTaHbICa ADB mankarTTYlsÁal;CaRbvtþisa®sþfa)aneRbIR)as;FnFanmnusSrbs;xøÜnRbkbedayRbsiT§pl k¾eday k¾ ADB RtUvkarksagsmtßPaBenHCabnþbnÞab; RbsinebI ADB cg;rkSa)annUvkarBak;B½n§ nigel,ÓnTak;Tg eTAnwgkarpøas;bþÚrenAtMbn;GasuI-)a:suIhVik. kRmitbTBiesaFn_viCöaCIv³ nigGnþrCatirbs;;buKÁlik ADB nwgkMNt;nUv lT§PaBrbs;xøÜnedIm,IGnuvtþyuT§sa®sþCaGaTiPaB nigbMeBjtRmUvkarrbs;GtifiCnxøÜnsRmab;plitpl nigesvakmμ d¾TMenIb nigrs;revIk. TisedA nigTMhMénkarpøas;bþÚrenAkñúgCMnajcRmuH nwgmanPaBxusEbøkKñaeTAtamvis½yÉkeTs b:uEnþkarksagsmtßPaBsMxan;²nwgmanPaBcaM)ac;Nas;sRmab;vis½ymYycMnYn. eTaHCaEpñkehdæarcnasm<½n§Edl Gacniyay)anfa Cavis½yRbtibtþikarsñÚld¾xøaMgbMputrbs; ADB k¾eday k¾ ADB nwgRtUvkarerobcMCMnajbec©keTs hirBaØvtßú nigesdækic©rbs;xøÜn[dl;sþg;dar EdlGacrkSa)annUvkareKarB kareCOTukciitþBIGtifiCn nigkargar BaNiC¢kmμsMxan;epSg²eTotCamYyvis½ysaFarN³ nigÉkCn. kñúgskm μPaBEdlRbtibtþikarrbs;xøÜnRtUv)an

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kRmit bu:Enþ rMBwgfa nwgekIneLIg ¬]TahrN_ dUcCa vis½ybrisßan nigÉkCn¦ ADB RtUvEtbEnßmCMnajfμI² b¤elIkkm<s; CMnajEdlcaM)ac;dl;buKÁlikrbs;xøÜnCaRbcaM. kñúgbribTenH fñak;dwknaMnwgBicarNarkviFIsa®sþepSg²edIm,IerobcM dak;BRgay nigrkSaTukbuKÁlikbec©keTsrbs;xøÜnenATIsñak;karkNþal nigTIsñak;karepSg²eTotTUTaMgtMbn;. kareRCIserIsbuKÁlikEdlRbkbedayPaBbt;EbnbEnßmeTotRtUv)anGnuvtþ rYmTaMgkareRbIR)as;lkçxNÐxus²Kña kar pSayB½t’maneRCIserIsTaMgkñúgnigeRkAsßab½nsMrab;eRCIserIsbuKÁlikTaMgGs; rab;TaMg buKÁlikCan;x<s;pgEdr. CagenH eTAeTot edayQrelIlT§plsÞabsÞg;mtibuKÁlik fñak;dwknaMnwgcat;viFankarsmRsbedIm,IbnþkarelIkTwkcitþdl; buKÁlikrbs;ebskkmμ ADB nigeRbIR)as;cMeNHdwgbuKÁlik nigqnÞHrbs;xøÜn[l¥bMputsRmab;kargarGPivDÆ. edaymanCMnYyBIGñkCMnajkarxageRkA fñak;dwknaMnwgeFVIkarBinitüeLIgvijeGay)anl¥itl¥n;elIyuT§sa®sþGPivDÆ FnFanmnusSrbs; ADB enAqñaM 2008.

3> karEklm¥rcnasm<½n§rbs;GgÁPaB

kñúgkarGnuvtþyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 fñak;dwknaM nwgBicarNaelIkarerobcMrcnasm<½n§EdlGacCYyKaMRT[)anl¥bMput dl;RbeTsCasmaCik[Rbkbeday]tþmPaBviCöaCIv³ karCMnHPaBTn;exSayépÞkñúg nigkarbegáInkmøaMgkñúgRbtibtþikar rbs; ADB. edIm,IeqøIytbeTAtamtRmUvkarepSg²rbs;GtifiCn[)ankan;EtmanRbsiT§PaB nigedIm,IeRbIR)as;FnFan rbs;xøÜn[)anl¥bMput fñak;dwknaM nwgGnuBaØat[naykdæannImYy²manPaBbt;EbnkñúgkarkMNt;GMBIrcnasm<½n§én GgÁPaBrbs;xøÜn. fñak;dwknaM nwgRtYtBinitüemIlCeRmIsd¾l¥bMputedIm,Idak;BRgayFnFansRmab;eFVIkarKaMRTkar GPivDÆvis½yÉkCnedaynaykdæanRKb;RKgtMbn; nignaykdæanRbtibtþikarvis½yÉkCn. karekIneLIgénkm©IsRmab; vis½yÉkCn nwgtRmUv[mankarelIkkm<s;smtßPaBRKb;RKghirBaØvtßú nighaniP½yrbs; ADB pgEdr. CagenH eTAeTot yuT§sa®sþEdlepþateTAelIbrisßan CaBiess bERmbRmYlGakasFatu nwgTamTar[fñak;dwknaMBicarNa elIrcnasm<½n§rbs;xøÜn edIm,IbMeBjtRmUvkarEdlecHEtekIneLIgy:agqab;rh½selIesvakm μ nigplitplrbs; ADB

enAkñúgvis½yenH. karpøas;bþÚrdéTeTotEdlGacnwgekIteLIgkñúgry³eBlEvg rab;bBa©Úl TaMgkareFVIvimCÄkar rbs;GgÁPaBbEnßmeTot begáInsmtßPaBtamnievsndæan nigerobcMkariyal½ycMeNHdwg RbsincaM)ac;.

4> karbegáInkareqøIytbrYm

kñúgkic©RbCuMBieRKaHeyabl;fñak;tMbn; GtifiCnrbs; ADB )ansMEdgnUvbMNgR)afñasMu[mankarcMNayTabsRmab; karerobcM nigGnuvtþKeRmag mankarkat;bnßynUvtRmUvkarÉksar nigkareFVIvimCÄkarBIesckþIseRmcdl;nievsndæan ebskkmμ. eTaHbICafñak;dwknaMRtUvkarføwgEføgnUvPaBeqIøytb nigRbsiT§PaBénkarcMNayCamYynwgtRmUvkarkargarcaM )ac;epSg² tRmUvkarc,ab; nigkarGnuvtþd¾l¥bMput yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 tRmUv[ ADB riHrkviFIEdleqøIytb

35

)anl¥¥bMputeTAnwgplRbeyaCn_rbs;Gñkx©IhirBaØvtßúrbs;xøÜn rYmTaMgkareRbIR)as;nUvyuT§sa®sþB½t’man nigbec©kviTüa TMnak;TMngTMenIb nigkarbegáItnUvbTdæan (benchmark) edIm,IGegáttamdan nigvas;EvgcMeBaHPaBeqøIytbrbs;xøÜn.

karRKb;RKgelIkarGnuvtþyuT§sa®sþ qñaM 2020 ³ Rkbx½NÐlT§plrbs; ADB

edIm,I[manRbsiT§PaBkñúgkarseRmc)annUvkarGPivDÆn_kñúgtMbn; ADB RtUvEtmansmtßPaBGegáttamdan nigvaytémøkargarrbs;xøÜntamviFIEdlGacvas;Evg)an ehIycat;viFankarsmRsbedayEp¥kelIlT§pl. enHman n½yfa GacmanlT§PaBvas;EvgTinñpl lT§pl nigplb:HBal;rbs;KeRmag RbeTs nigsßab½n. cab;taMgBI qñaM 2004 mk ADB )anGegáttamdanelIkskmμPaBkargarrbs;sßab½nxøÜntamry³kardak;ecjnUvRkbx½NÐlT§pl EdlrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgsUcnakrskmμPaBkargar nigeKaledAkMNt;mYycMnYn ¬quantified targets¦eTAkñúgr)aykarN_ nigÉksarEpnkaremrYmrbs;xøÜn. kñúgn½yénkarpøas;bþÚrrbs;yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 eq<aHeTArkr)aykarN_s¥itrmYt nigRbsiT§PaB k¾dUcCa eq<aHeTArkkarepþateTAelIyuT§sa®sþ nigeKalneya)aysßab½ns¥itrmYtpgEdrenaH ADB )anbegáItrcnasm<½n§Rkbx½NÐlT§plkRmitrYmmYy EdlmansUcnakrbzm edIm,IGegáttamdan nigraykarN_GMBI RbsiT§PaBTaMgmUlrbs;xøÜn ¬]bsm<½n§TI 2¦. Rkbx½NÐlT§plEdl)anEktRmUv RBmCamYynwgrgVas;Tinñn½y nigeKaledA nwgRtUvbBa©ÚleTAkñúgkarBinitüeLIgvijnUvRbsiT§PaBGPivDÆn_ ¬development effectiveness

review¦EdlRtUveFVIeLIgenARtImasTIbI qñaM 2008. Rkbx½NÐlT§plenH nwgtamdankarrIkceRmInenAkñúglT§pl GPivDÆRbmUlpþúMry³eBlEvg ¬long-term development outcomes¦ RBmTaMg enAkñúgskmμPaB nigTinñplCak;lak; Bak;B½n§eTAnwgkarseRmc)annUvGaTiPaByuT§sa®sþrbs; ADB. enAeBlEdl ADB GnuvtþyuT§sa®sþ qñaM 2020 Rkbx½NÐenH nwgRtUvmankarEktRmUvxøH edIm,IeqøIytbeTAnwgkarpøas;bþÚrrbs;tMbn; nigsßab½n. kñúglkçN³én]bkrN_Gegáttamdan nigvaytémød¾eBjeljmYy Rkbx½NÐlT§plmanRbePTlT§plcMnYnbYn³ ¬1¦ lT§pltMbn; ¬2¦ karrYmcMENkdl;lT§plRbeTs ¬contribution to country outcomes¦ ¬3¦ RbsiT§PaB énRbtibtþikar nig ¬4¦ RbsiT§PaBénkarerobcMsßab½n ADB.

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1> lT§pltMbn;

RbePTTImYyénRkbx½NÐlT§plCYy[ ADB GacGegáttamdanelIkarrYmcMENkrbs;xøÜncMeBaHkm μviFI GPivDÆn_GnþrCatirbs;shKmn_TUeTA. ADB nwgGegáttamdanelIkarrIkceRmIntamry³RkuménsUcnakreKaledA- GPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_ EdlTak;TgeTAnwgvis½yRbtibtþikarsñÚlrbs;xøÜn eBalKW sUcnakrEdlvaytémørgVas;én PaBRkIRkelIR)ak;cMNUl nigminR)ak;cMNUl nigsUcnakrEdlvaytémøelIkMeNInehdæarcnasm<½n§ nigbriyakas BaNiCökmμ. RbsinebIeKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_TaMgenH GacseRmc)an b¤sßitenAkñúgkartamdanRtwmqñaM 2015 enaHCMnYyrbs; ADB EdlTak;TgeTAnwgvis½ysñÚlepSg²eTotrbs;xøÜn GacRtUv)anEktRmUv edIm,IKaMRTdl;karrIk ceRmInénvis½yepSg²eTot.

2> karcUlrYmcMENkcMeBaHlT§plRbeTs ³ TinñplKnøwH

RbePTTIBIrénRkbx½NÐlT§pl RbmUlpþúMnUvkarrYmcMENkCak;EsþgBIskmμPaBepSg²énCMnYyrbs; ADB cMeBaH lT§plRbeTsCak;lak;. ADB nwgRtYtBinitüemIlsUcnakrTinñplénvis½ycMnYnR)aMKW kardwkCBaöÚn famBl Twk hirBaØvtßú nigkarGb;rM edIm,IsRmYldl;karGegáttamdanvis½yRbtibtþikarsñÚlepSg²eToteRkamyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020. lT§plsRmab;GñkTTYlpl ¬outcomes for beneficiaries¦ nwgbMEbkeTAtamEpñk dUcCa CnbT TIRbCuMCn nigtMbn;nana edIm,IeFVIkartamdanlT§plGnuEpñkKnøwHepSg²eTot dUcCa karsagsg;TIRkugEdlGacrs;enA)an karGPivDÆehdæarcnasm<½n§CnbT nigkartPöab;kardwkCBaöÚnqøgkat;RBMEdn.

3> RbsiT§PaBénRbtibtþikar

RbePTTIbIénRkbx½NÐlT§pl KWvas;EvgRbsiT§PaBénRbtibtþikarrbs; ADB EdlrYmman sMNMubTdæan énviFankar ¬a standard set of measures¦ EdlRtUvdak;[GnuvtþTUTaMgFnaKarGPivDÆn_BhuPaKI. ADB nwgGegáttamdanRbsiT§PaBénkarrIkceRmInelIRbtibtþikarrbs;xøÜn tamry³RkumsUcnakrbYnKW³ KuNPaBRbtibtþi nigskmμPaBkargarplb½Rt ¬operational quality and portfolio performance¦ karekogKrhirBaØvtßú karGPivDÆ cMeNHdwg nigPaBCaédKU.

37

4> RbsiT§PaBénkarerobcMrcnasm<½n§sßab½n

RbePTTIbYnénRkbx½NÐlT§pl KWepþatelIkarrIkceRmInkñúgkarGnuvtþkMENTRmg;épÞkñúg EdlnwgFananUvkitþinam rbs; ADB EdlCasßab½nBak;B½n§mYy nigepþatelIlT§plCacm,g. Rkbx½NÐenH manbIEpñkKW FnFanmnusS FnFanhirBaØvtßú nigdMeNIrkar nigkarGnuvtþBaNiC¢kmμ ¬business processes and practices¦31. kareRbIR)as;Rkbx½NÐlT§pl

fñak;dwknaM nwgeRbIR)as;Rkbx½NÐlT§pledIm,IRtYtBinitüsUcnakrCak;lak; b:uEnþmanvisalPaBTUlMTUlayEdl RsbeTAtamTisedA nigTsSnvis½yrbs;yuT§sa®sþ qñaM 2020 edIm,IGegáttamdankarrIkceRmIn vas;EvglT§pl nigcat;viFakarEktRmUvkñúgkrNIcaM)ac;. PaBBaJwkBajab; nigPaBeTogeBlénkarraykarN_ nwgRtUvBicarNaya:g RbugRby½tñsRmab;sUcnakrnImYy² ehIynwgRtUvkMNt;edayEp¥kelIsar³RbeyaCn_EdlrMBwgTuk PaBCab;Bak;B½n§ el,Ónénkarpøas;bþÚrrbs;va nigkarvaytémøelIplRbeyaCn_ nigkarcMNay elIkarTTYl)anB½t’mansRmab; sßab½n.

ADB nwgeFVIkarvaytémø nigraykarN_GMBIkarrIkceRmInkñúgkarGnuvtþyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 tamry³r)aykarN_RtYt BinitüeLIgvijelIRbsiT§PaBGPivDÆRbcaMqñaMrbs;xøÜn edaycab;epþImBIkarBinitüeLIgvijenAqñaM 2008 EdlRtUvecj pSayenARtImasTIbI qñaM 2009 eRkamkarENnaMedayRkbx½NÐlT§pl. karRtYtBinitüeLIgvij nwgkøayCa r)aykarN_skmμPaBkargarrYmmYyrbs; ADB edaydak;bBa©ÚlTaMgr)aykarN_EdlmanRsab;sþIBIkarkat;bnßyPaB RkIRkRbcaMqñaM; r)aykarN_rIkceRmInénkarGnuvtþkmμviFIkMENTRmg; nigr)aykarN_rIkceRmInqmassþIBIkarRKb;RKg sRmab;EpnkarskmμPaB niglT§plGPivDÆ. karRtYtBinitüeLIgvij nwgkøayCa]bkrN_d¾sMxan;mYykñúgkarpþl; B½t’mandl;fñak;dwknaMsþIGMBIkarrIkceRmInEdl)anTTYl nigbgðajBIvis½yepSg²eTotEdlTamTar[mankarxitxM RbwgERbg b¤EktRmUvCabEnßmeTot.

31 sUcnakrsRmab;kRmitenH KWCargVas;sþg;darcMnYn EdlCaFmμtaTamTar[mankarGegáttamdankñúgry³eBlEvg. eTaHCaya:gNak¾eday sRmab;eKalbMNgrbs;yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 karrIkceRmInénkMENTRmg;épÞkñúg nwgGacseRmc)anl¥bMputtamry³meFüa)ayepSg² dUcCa sUcnakrdMeNIrkar nigkarvaytémøKuNPaB. dUecñHehIy eTaHbICar)aykarN_Ep¥kelIskmμPaB nwgRtUv)aneRbIR)as;Cacm,g edIm,Ivay témøRbsiT§PaBénRbtibtþikarrbs; ADB k¾eday k¾r)aykarN_enH nwgPöab;edaypÞal;pgEdr eTAnwgRbsiT§PaBénsaßb½nxøÜn. CagenHeTAeTot sRmab;sUcnakrkRmitenH TisedA nigeKaledA nwgqøúHbBa©aMgnUvkarpøas;bþÚrCabnþbnÞab;enAkñúgKMrUbriyakas nigBaNiCökmμrbs;tMbn; Edl RtUv)anrMBwgTukdl;;qñaM 2020. ]TahrN_ kRmitKYrCaTIeBjcitþénvimCÄkar nigtulükard¾RbesIrbMputrbs;buKÁlikenAkñúgvis½yRbtibtþi nig minEmnRbtibtþi TMngCamankarpøas;bþÚredIm,IeqøIytbeTAnwgkarGPivDÆrbs;tMbn;. CalT§pl kRmiténRkbx½NÐenH nwgmanPaBrlUnbEnßmeTot nigtRmUv[mankarRtYtBinitüeLIgvijtameBlevlakMNt;.

38

CMhanbnÞab;

fñak;dwknaM nwgcab;epþImGnuvtþyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 PøambnÞab;BITTYl)ankarGnum½tmBIRkumRbwkSaPi)al. naykdæan nigkariyal½yrbs; ADB TaMgGs; nwgRtYtBinitüplb:HBal;ényuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 eTAelIkmμviFIkargarry³eBlxøI nigmFümrbs;BYkeK RBmTaMgtRmUvkarFnFan ehIydak;esñIEpnkarskm μPaBeTAGnuRbFanrbs;BYkeKerog²xøÜn sRmab;karGnuvtþyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 éndMNak;kaldMbUg.

eRkayBIkarGnum½tyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 Pøam ADB nwgpSBVpSayyuT§sa®sþenH[)anTUlMTUlay. ADB nwg pSBVpSayTisedAyuT§sa®sþfμ Iry³eBlEvgrbs;xøÜndl;édKUGPivDÆn_TaMgGs; nigvis½yÉkCn edIm,ITTYl)ankaryl; dwg nigkarKaMRT[)anTUlMTUlay sRmab;karGnuvtþyuT§saRsþdMbUg rYmTaMg édKUPaBpg.

CagenHeTAeTot Tinñn½yRbtibtþikarTUlMTUlay ¬wide operational database¦ rbs; ADB nwgdak;[eRbIR)as; RsbKñaCamYyyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 RtwmExFñÚ qñaM 2008. eday)anerobcMedIm,IedaHRsayPaBTn;exSayénTinñn½y bc©úb,nñ Edl)anbgðajenAkñúgr)aykarN_rbs;naykdæanvaytémøRbtibtþikar Tinñn½yfμInwgCYytamdankarGnuvtþ yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 Tl;nwgRkbx½NÐlT§pl EdlGnuBaØat[mankarEksRmYlenAdMNak;kaldMbUg.

39

VI. karpþl;FnFansRmab;dMeNIrkaryuT§sa®sþ

bBaðaRbQmkñúgtMbn; nwgTamTar[mankarvinieyaKmUlFunya:geRcIn. edayEp¥kelIkarsikSaépÞkñúgrbs; ADB mYy eKRtUvkarTwkR)ak;cMnYn 4/700 (4.7 trillion) Ban;landuløa sRmab;ry³eBl 10 qñaMxagmux edIm,IbMeBjesckþI RtUvkarEpñkehdæarcnasm<½n§rbs;tMbn;. tYelxenHman 3/100 (3.1 trillion) Ban;landuløa sRmab;karsagsmtß- PaBfμI nigtulükarsRmab;CMnYssmtßPaB. tRmUvkarvinieyaKRbcaMqñaMEdl)an)a:n;sμansRmab;bBaðabrisßanmanrhUt dl; 100 Ban;landuløa kñúgenaH rYmman 30 Ban;landuløa sRmab;famBlkekIteLIgvij 28 Ban;landuløa sRmab;karpSaMeTAnwgbERmbRmYlGakasFatu 14 Ban;landuløa sRmab;RbsiT§plfamBl nig 8 Ban;landuløa sRmab;karRKb;RKgFnFanTwkRbkbedaynirnþrPaB. tRmUvkarGPivDÆvis½yhirBaØvtßúsRmab;tMbn; k¾hak;dUcCaman TMhMFMpgEdr edayTwkR)ak;)a:n;sμankñúgkarvinieyaKmanRbEhl 197 Ban;landuløa sRmab;pþl;mUlFneTA[ FnaKarrhUtdl;qñaM 2020 sRmab;EttMbn;GasuIxagt,ÚgEtb:ueNÑaH32. sRmab;vis½yGb;rM kgVHxaténhirBaØb,Tan EdlRtUvkarsRmab;seRmc[)annUveKaledAGPivDÆn_shvtSr_elIkarGb;rMbzmsikSaTUeTA RtwmqñaM 2015 RtUv)an)a:n; RbmaNdl; 7 Ban;landuløa kñúgmYyqñaM cab;BIqñaM 2001 dl; 2015.

yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 CRmuj[ ADB edIrtYCaédKUGPivDÆn_Qanmux. bEnßmBIelIcMeNHdwg nigCMnajrbs;xøÜn ADB RtUvmanFnFancaM)ac;EdlmanlkçN³Casm,Tan nigminsm,Tan edIm,ITTYlxusRtUvelItYnaTIQanmuxenH nigTTYlxusRtUvelIelIhaniP½yrbs; ADB. eRkamyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 ADB RtUvEtFanafa xøÜnEtgEtman meFüa)ayxaghirBaØvtßúRKb;RKan;edIm,IseRmc[)annUveKaledAenH.

ninñakarfμI²enAkñúgkm©ICasm,Tan nigCMnYy\tsMNgrbs; ADB bgðajBItRmUvkard¾xøaMgkøarbs;RbeTs DMCs edIm,ITTYl)annUvFnFanmUlniFiGPivDÆn_GasIu ¬ADF¦. lT§PaBrbs; ADB kñúgkarCYy nigKaMRTdl;dMeNIrkar GPivDÆn_eKaledAGPivDÆn_shvtSr_kñúgGñkx©I ADF KWBwgEp¥keTAelIFnFansm,TanEdlGacvas;EvgKña)anCamYynwg tYnaTIGPivDÆn_rbs;xøYÜnenAkñúgRbeTs DMCs TaMgenH. kar)a:n;sμanCabzmrbs; ADB bgðajfa KMlathirBaØvtßú edIm,IseRmc[)annUveKaledAGPivDÆn_shvtSr_enAkñúgRbeTs ADF TaMg 29 rbs;xøÜn GacmanTwkR)ak;dl;eTA 100 Ban;landuløa sRmab;ry³eBl ADF X cab;BIqñaM 2009 dl; 2012. kareFVIcMeNalry³eBlEvgrbs; ADB elIkMeNInR)ak;cMNUlmnusSmñak;²kñúgGñkmansiT§x©I ADF bc©úb,nñ bgðajfa Gñkx©ICaeRcIn nwgenAEtsßiteRkam

32 kar)a:n;RbmaN )ansnμt;mUlFnRKb;RKan;sMrab;haniP½y ¬risk-based capital adequacy¦énkMeNIn 10° kñúgmYyqñaM. enAkñúgRTBüskmμFnaKar nigkarFøak;cuHCalMdab;enAkñúgGnu)aténkm©IsRmab;RTBüskmμEdlminRbtibtþi ¬nonperforming loan-asset ration¦.

40

lkçxNÐkñúgkarTTYl)ansiT§iCaGñkx©Irbs; ADF EtmYy b¤ cRmuH33 rhUtdl; qñaM 2020. dUecñH eRkamyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 ADB nwgEsVgrkkarKaMRTbnþeTotBIsmaCikm©as;CMnYyrbs;xøÜn edIm,IBRgwgsmtßPaBhirBaØvtßúrbs; ADF.

kareFVIEpnkarRbtibtþiyuT§sa®sþ nigkic©BiPakSaeKalneya)ayCamYyGñkx©IFnFanmUlFnsamBaØ ¬OCR¦

rbs; ADB ¬TaMgGñkx©I OCR EtmYy b¤ cRmuH¦ )anesñIsMunUvtRmUvkarkan;EtxøaMgbEnßmeTotsMrab;CMnYyminEmn lkçN³Casm,TanEdlelIsBIkMriténRbtibtþikarbc©úb,nñ. enHCakrNIBiesssRmab;Gñkx©IcRmuHbc©úb,nñ EdlkMeNIn esdækic© nigkarBRgwgsßab½n kMBugEtBRgIksmtßPaBrbs;BYkeK edIm,IeRbIR)as;CMnYyminmanlkçN³Casm,Tanrbs; ADB kñúgkarelIkkMBs;KuNPaBehdæarcnasm<½n§esdækic© nigsgÁm nigkñúgkaredaHRsaybBaðabrisßanrbs;BYkeK. kareFVIcMeNalcMeBaHkMeNInR)ak;cMNUlmnusSmñak;²enAkñúgRbeTs DMCs bgðajfa Gñkx©I OCR bc©úb,nñCaeRcIn nwgenAEtsßiteRkamlkçxNÐqøgput (graduation threshold) rhUtdl;qñaM 202034.

kar)a:n;sμannaeBlbc©úb,nñGMBIlT§PaBpþl;R)ak;km©Irbs; OCR eTAGnaKt nwgminGac[ ADB RTRTg; kMritbc©úb,nñénRbtibtþikar OCR )aneT ehIyritEtminGac[ ADB begáInCMnYyedIm,IbBa©b;PaBRkIRk nigbnþ GnuvtþkmμviFIyuT§sa®sþTaMgbI)aneLIy. dMeNIrkarsRmab;kic©pþÜcepþIm nigkarbegáItkic©RBmeRBogmYyenAdMNak;kal dMbUgényuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 EdlnwgKaMRTdl;karBRgwgtYnaTIkñúgkarGPivDÆn_ nigpþl;hirBaØb,Tanrbs; ADB enAkñúg tMbn; RtUvkarCacaM)ac;kñúgxN³eBlEdllT§PaBpþl;R)ak;km©IhYsBIvisalPaBényuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 edIm,IkMNt; nUvkRmitEdll¥bMput nigRbPBpþl;FnFansRmab; ADB rhUtdl;qñaM 2020.

33 Gñkx©I{ TaMgBIr} sMedAeTAelIRbeTs DMCs EdlTTYlR)ak;km©IBI ADF pg nigBI OCR pg. 34 bTBiesaFn_bgðajfa Gñkx©Irbs; OCR EtmYy GacseRmccitþbnßy nigbBaÄb;km©IBI ADB muneBldl;lkçxNÐqøgput.

41

VII. esckþIsnñidæan

tMbn;GasuI-)a:suIhVik kMBugEtmankarrIkceRmIny:agqab;rh½s bu:EnþTnÞwmnwgenH k¾mankarRBYy)armÖBak;Bn§½nwgkar rYmbBa¢ÚlKñarbs;xøÜn plb:HBal;elIbrisßan nignirnþrPaB EdltRmUv[manyuT§viFIGPivDÆn_f μ ImYy KMnitécñRbDit nigskmμPaBRbkbedaykic©shRbtibtþikar. edayTTYlsÁal;BItRmUvkarpøas;bþÚr eTIbyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 tRmUv[ ADB erobcMmuxgarrbs;xøÜneLIg vijenAkñúgRkbx½NÐénkarvivtþnUvrcnasm<½n§CMnYyGnþrCati kMNt;nUvkarykcitþTukdak;elIRbtibtþikar nigbegáIteKaledA RbtibtþiyuT§sa®sþ nigsßab½n. eRkamyuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 nigrYmCamYylT§PaBTTYl)anFnFanhirBaØvtßú nig FnFansßab½nEdlcaM)ac;epSg²eTot ADB nwgBüayamseRmc[)annUv]tþmPaBkñúgkarvinieyaK nigCMnYy eday Ep¥kelImUldæancMeNHdwgrbs;xøÜn edIm,IEbgEckCMnYy[kan;EtmanRbsiT§PaB nigTTYl)anlT§pl[kan;EtFMeFg bEnßmeTot. yuT§sa®sþqñaM 2020 nwgCYy ADB [seRmc)annUvskþanuBleBjeljrbs;xøÜnkñúgkarpþl;pl RbeyaCn_dl;tMbn; nigshKmn_GnþrCati.

42

]bsm<½n§ 1 tYelxRtYs²énkarGPivDÆn_enAtMbn;GasuI-)a:suIhVik

tarag k 1>1 ³ plitplkñúgRsuksrub sUcnakr GasuIxaglic

nigkNþal GasuIxag

ekIt GasuIxagt,Úg GasuIGaeKñy_ tMbn;)a:suIhVik BiPBelak

GDP ¬témøefrqñaM 2000 KitCa Ban;landuløa¦

2000 cMENkCa °

2006 cMENkCa °

118/0

0/4 176/7

0/5

1>879/8

5/9 2>987/6

7/9

530/2

1/7 798/2

2/1

583/3

1/8 781/6

2/1

6/8 0/0 7/7 0/0

31>800/3100/0

37>866/4100/0

GDP mñak;² ¬témø efrqñaM 2000 Ca duløa¦

2000 2006

576/7 772/8

1>425/5 2>181/1

445/7 612/8

1>135/21>401/5

847/6 842/5

5>242/9 5>809/9

karnaMTMnijecj ¬témøbc©úb,nñ Ban;landuløa¦

2000 cMENkCa °

2006 cMENkCa °

27/0 0/4

76/0 0/6

624/7

9/7 1>618/9

13/4

55/2

0/9 140/4

1/2

432/0

6/7 770/6

6/4

2/8 0/0 5/2 0/0

6>454/6 100/0

12>063/5100/0

RbPB ³ FnaKarBiPBelak sUcnakrGPivDÆn_BiPBelak online ¬dkRsg; éf¶TI 28 kumÖ³ qñaM 2008¦ .

43

]bsm<½n§ 1 tarag k 1>2³ PaBRkIRk

1990 2004 2015 sUcnakr lan ° lan ° lan °

cMENkénGnutMbn; cMeBaHRbCaCnEdlrs; enAedayR)ak;cMNUlticCag 1 duløa kñúg mYyéf¶

GasuIxagekIt nig)a:suIhVik GasuIxagt,Úg GuWr:ub nigGasuIkNþal mCÄwmbUBa’ nigGaRhVikxageCIg GaemrikLaTIn nigkarIbIn GaRhVikGnutMbn;sahar:a srub

476 479

2 5

45 240

1>247

38/2 38/4

0/2 0/4 3/6

19/2 100/0

169 446

4 4

47 298 968

17/5 46/1

0/4 0/4 4/9

30/8 100/0

40 256

2 2

34 290 624

6/4 41/0 0/3 0/3 5/4

46/5 100/0

cMENkénGnutMbn; cMeBaHRbCaCnEdlrs; enAedayR)ak;cMNUlticCag 2 duløa kñúg mYyéf¶

GasuIxagekIt-)a:suIhVik GasuIxagt,Úg GuWr:ub nigGasuIkNþal mCÄwmbUBa’ nigGaRhVikxageCIg GaemrikLaTIn nigkarIbIn GaRhVikGnutMbn;sahar:a srub

1>113 954 20 49

115 396

2>647

42/0 36/0

0/8 1/9 4/3

15/0 100/0

684 1>116

46 59

121 522

2>548

26/8 43/8

1/8 2/3 4/7

20/5 100/0

296 997 16 38

102 567

2>016

14/7 49/5 0/8 1/9 5/1

28/1 100/0

RbPB³ FnaKarBiPBelak 2008 TsSnvis½yesdækic©BiPBelak 2008 va:suInetan DC .

44

]bsm<½n§ 1 tarag k 1>3 ³ R)ak;bRmugbreTs nigbMNulsrub ¬bMNac;qñaM¦

sUcnakr GasuIkNþal

nigxaglic GasuIxagekItk GasuIxagt,Úg GasuIGaeKñy_ tMbn;

)a:suIhVik R)ak;bRmugbreTs ¬landuløa¦ 2006

48>952/0

1>724>386/0

185>277/0

368>784/0

1>834/0

bMNulbreTssrub ¬landuløa¦2005 μbMNulsrubEdl)ansg ¬landuløa¦ 2005 bMNulbreTssrub¼ GNI ¬°¦ 2005

bMNulbreTssrub¼karnaMecj ¬°¦ 2005

91>053/0

17>486/0

43/5

128/3

557>941/0

27>407/0

12/5

32/0

157>681/0

25>726/0

17/6

564/7

635>571/0

58>045/0

43/7

63/8

3>253/0

457/0

36/6

79/3

k sRmab;Tinñn½ysþIGMBIbMNulbreTssrub¼GNI ¬°¦ nigbMNulbreTssrub¼karnaMecj ¬°¦ GasuIxagekIt rYmbBa©ÚlEt saFarN³rdæRbCamanitcin nigm:ugehÁalI . RbPB³ FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI 2007³ sUcnakrKnøwH 2007 ma:nIl. FnaKarBiPBelak³ hirBaØvtßúGPivDÆn_skl ¬dkRsg;éf¶TI 5 Ex mIna qñaM 2008¦ .

45

]bsm<½n§ 1 tarag k 1>4³ famBl nigbrisßan

2000¼2001 2005 2015 2030

sUcnakr GRtakMeNIn 2000- 2005 ¬°¦

GRtakMeNIn 2005- 2015 ¬°¦

GRtakMeNIn 2015- 2030 ¬°¦

tRmUvkarcrnþGKÁisnI

(TWh) GasuI ¬°¦

BiPBelak ¬°¦

2>025/0 16/1

12>609/0 100/0

3>277/0 21/8

15>016/0 100/0

10/1

3/6

6>665/0 31/3

21>278/0 100/0

7/4

3/5

11>131/0 37/4

29>737/0 100/0

3/5

2/3

karpþl;crnþGKÁisnI

(TWh) GasuI ¬°¦

BiPBelak ¬°¦

2>607/0 16/9

15>391/0 100/0

4>143/0 22/8

18>197/0 100/0

9/7

3/4

8>233/0 32/2

25>556/0 100/0

7/1

3/5

13>480/0 38/1

35>384/0 100/0

3/3

2/2

kkarbeBa©j]sμ ½nkabUnic

(MT)

GasuI ¬°¦

BiPBelak ¬°¦

5>292/0 22/3

23>683/3 100/0

7>690/0 28/3

26>620/0 100/0

7/8

2/4

12>440/0 36/5

34>071/0 100/0

4/9

2/5

17>464/0 41/7

41>905/0 100/0

2/3

1/4

RbPB ³ TIPñak;garfamBlGnþrCati qñaM2002 nig 2007. TsSnvis½yfamBlBiPBelak )a:rIs . TWh = etra:va:t;-ema:g

46

]bsm<½n§ 2 rcnasm<½n§énRkbx½NÐlT§plrbs;FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI k

sUcnakr tRmitTI 1³ lT§plkñúgtMbn;GasuI-)a:suIhVik eKaledAGPivDÆn_shvtSr_ plitplkñúgRsuksrub ehdæarcnasm<½n§ briyakasBaNiC¢kmμ GPi)alkic© nigBaNiC¢kmμ kRmitTI 2 ³karrYmcMENkcMeBaHlT§plrbs;RbeTs³ TinñplKnøwH kardwkCBa¢Ún famBl Twk karGb;rM ¬RKb;kRmit¦ hirBaØvtßú kRmitTI 3 ³RbsiT§PaBénRbtibtþikar KuNPaBRbtibtþikar nigskmμPaBplb½Rt karekogKrhirBaØvtßú karGPivDÆcMeNHdwg édKUPaB kRmitTI 4³ RbsiT§PaBénrcnasm<½n§sßab½n kareRbIR)as;FnFanmnusS kareRbIR)as;FnFanhirBaØvtßú dMeNIrkar nigkarGnuvtþBaNiC¢kmμ

kRkbx½NÐlT§pl nwgRtUvEksRmYl ehIysUcnakr rgVas; nigeKaledA nwgRtUvGPivDÆ. Rkbx½NÐlT§plcugeRkay nwgRtUvdak;CUneTARkumRbwkSaedIm,IBinitüGnum½t.

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