Supervisor: Domenico Dentoni

Strategies to link smallholder pig farmers to formal markets for

enhanced livelihoods in Goromonzi district, Zimbabwe

By:Makanyara Kayonza

MST-80436; 36 ECTS

Summary of contents

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Major Findings

Conclusion and Recommendations

Introduction

Smallholder pig production comprise about 80% total pig population in Zimbabwe (Mutambara, 2013)

Employment and income to 60-70% of the population (DBSA, 2012)

Small to medium scale producers is the dominant sector in agricultural industry.

Livestock agriculture is central to rural economy 90% rural communities rely on smallholder animal production (Mudavanhu and Mandizvidza, 2013)

Cont…Pig production•Significant fluctuation of pig production over the last decade.

•Commercial sow herd peaked from 15500 commercial sow herd in 2005 to 20000 in 2007; and then dropped to 8000 in 2008 to (Mutambara, 2013)

Farmers lack access to agricultural inputs, credit facilities,

Lack of access to markets and market information

Poor infrastructural facilities

Removal of government-sponsored support

Smallholder farming is practiced under subsistence level (Markelova et

al 2009)

Research Objective

The objective is to identify strategies that link smallholder

pig farmers into formal markets for enhanced livelihoods,

using Goromonzi district in Zimbabwe as a case study.

Research Questions

Who are the key players and service providers involved in the Goromonzi pig value chain and what role do they play in the chain?What are the constraints being faced by the immediate chain players and how these constraints are affecting the effective participation of smallholder farmers into markets?

Which strategies has each chain player implemented to improve the participation of smallholder pig farmers into formal markets?

4.What are the strategies for linking smallholder pig farmers into formal markets for enhanced livelihoods?

Material and Method

Description of the study area

• Goromonzi District• Located 32km southeast of

Harare• Lies in agro-ecological

region ll(b) & Annual average rainfall of 750-1050mm

• Livestock production• Beef, dairy, pig and

poultry

Crop production

Research Framework

Empirical ReviewLiterature Review Results Conclusions

1. Literature on smallholder pig production. 2. Literature on current situation on pig production in Sub-Saharan Africa

1. Literature on pig value chain analysis market access and constraints of smallholder farmers

Key informant interviews

Household questionnaires

Focus group discussions (exploring strategies) and personal observation

Data analysis and data processing

Conclusions & Recommendations

Cont...

Data collection method

Selection of Farmers

Randomly selected

Farmers were classified as follows:Small-scale A1 semi subsistence farmers Small-scale A2 commercial farmers

Data analysis

Data were analysed using Stakeholder matrix Value chain mapping Content analysis

Major Findings Who are the key players and service providers involved in the Goromonzi

pig value chain and what role do they play in the chain? there are mainly three main pig value chains in Goromonzi district.

Market channel 1(Formal chain)

Cont’....

Marketing channel 2 (Semi formal)

Cont…

Marketing channel 3 (informal)

Service providersService

providersFinal

ConsumerFinal

Consumer

Producer/

farmer

Producer/

farmer

Cont’….

What are the constraints being faced by the immediate chain players and how these constraints are affecting the effective participation of smallholder farmers in markets?

• Smallholder farmers

– Stockfeeds (scarcity & high costs)

– Market challenges

– Poor infrastructure

– High disease prevalence

– Lack of technical knowhow

• Other key chain players

– Poor credit lines

– Low quality animals

– Inadequate resources

What strategies has each chain player implemented to improve the participation of smallholder pig farmers into formal markets?

• Smallholder farmers

– Maize production to complement stockfeeds scarcity & high costs (Sukume & Guveya, 2009)

– Diversification with beef, poultry and tobacco production

– Own butcheries

– Entered into contract farming elsewhere

• Other key chain players

– Joint ventures/mergers and acquisitions

– Diversification

– Parastatals-government

Mitigation strategies

Cont’.....

4.What are the strategies for linking smallholder pig farmers into formal markets for enhanced livelihoods?

• Develop producer organisations/cooperatives

– Market access, bulk buying and selling, shared information (Bijman 2007).

• Farmer Organisations

– benefits that these unions offer such as collective action, facilitation in required services, production and marketing information of pigs.

• Market relations

– create strong relations with other actors and stakeholders in the value chains

Strategies

• Abattoirs

– Incapacitated current abattoirs and long distances

• Credit facilities

– . Financial institutions are also failing to avail credits to farmers• Training Facilities

– Reduce costs on production and marketing• Contract farming arrangements

Conclusion

There were three pig value chains in Goromonzi district and each chain has its own pros and cons.

Constraints for smallholder pig producers Constraints for other key chain players and service providers have a

negative effect on the participation of smallholder pig farmers into formal markets

Mitigation strategies that players have adopted include mixed farming, diversification into poultry, beef and tobacco production.

Strategies for smallholder pig farmers

Recommendations

Future research should focus on understanding the whole pig value chains in Zimbabwe and how to integrate the new players at each stage of the chain especially the newly resettled farmers

Promote vertical coordination through dialogues between actors and traders at different chain level.

Future researches should also focus on how the structural adjustment and the fast track land reform programme affected the pig value chain in Zimbabwe.

Thank You: Questions?