Strategies for Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities

Taiwan Power CompanyOctober 27th. 2021

2021 EV International Forum

2

Outline

2

01. Foreword

02. EV Development Status

05. Conclusion

04. Strategies for EV charging

03. Electric load for EV in Taiwan

3

01. Foreword

4

2025 2030 2035 2040

Canada, France, Spain

NorwayNetherlands

Sweden, Israel, UK, Ireland, Iceland, Denmark, Belgium

Keep Pushing

Japan, South

Korea, Germany, California

Netherlands, Milan, London, Auckland, Barcelona,

Copenhagen, Heidelberg, Los Angeles, Vancouver

Denmark Singapore, Sri Lanka, New York, USA

Prohibition on any use of non-electric vehicles

Source：2021.1.22 TechNews。

Trend of EVBan for new fossil-fuel cars

5

02. EV Development Status

Source：Department of Transportation。

6

Source：EV-Volumes website。

Nu

mb

er

of

EV

s(t

en

th

ou

san

d)

400

300

200

100

0

323.9

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

15.37

Sales Volume of EV

Note: as of August, 2021

Annual sales volume of EV worldwide

The cumulative number of licensed EV in Taiwan

Nu

mb

er

of

EV

s(t

ho

usa

nd

)

China US Europe Others

EV Estimated Electricity Consumption

7Source：IEA, Global EV Outlook 2018~2020

1. According to the International Energy Agency's (IEA) Global EV OutlookReport, global EV use approximately 80 TWh in 2019.

2. The IEA uses Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) and Sustainable DevelopmentScenario (SDS) to estimate that global EV power consumption will increaseto 550 TWh and 1,000 TWh respectively in 2030.

7

13 times increase

7 times increase

EV Power Demand (TWh)

Bi/Tricycle

Light vehicle

Bus

Truck

EV

Po

we

r D

em

an

d (

TW

h)

The Impact of EV Charging

in Power System

8

For power transmission and system operations, the peakload of the system is affected.

To stabilize power quality, more system ancillary services such as Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) and additional Reserve Capacity will be necessary.

For power generation, the increasing demand for EV charging requires additional investment.

For power distribution, the line transformer or switchgear may be overloaded, affecting the stability of power supply.

9Source：IEA, Global EV Outlook 2019

Electric load

General charging

Smart charging

Shift peak load

Regulated charging

The Impact of EV Charging

in Power System

In order to reduce the impact of electric vehicle charging on the system, theworld has been actively developing Smart Charging in recent years, guidingusers to charge in off-peak time to relieve peak loads.

Time (hr)

Ele

ctr

icit

y D

em

an

d

(kW

h)

10

03. Electric load for EV in Taiwan

EV Charging Mode Not Limited to Petrol Station!!

Charge Timing

11Main Charging Environment

During night, charge at home, and leave ondaytime with full battery.

During working hours,charge at office.

During shopping or dinning, charge at parking lot.

During the travel, charge at highway service area.

Back home and charge.

Home Charging．House．Community．Congregate

housing

60%

Commercial Charging．Shopping center．Hotel ．Office building

Public Charging．Public parking lot．Petrol station．Charging station．Highway service area

EV dealer．Show room．Service station

Others．Research．Rental cars, Car sharing．Electric bus

23.9 TWh(0.91%)

Full Electrification

205.3 TWh

(7.82%)

12

2030

Estimated Additional

Electricity Consumption

Estimated scenario in 2030:：1. The penetration rate of electric scooter is set at 50%2. The penetration rate of electric car is set at 5.5%.3. 10,000 electric buses, the goal in 2030

Percentage of annual electricity consumption

Percentage of annual electricity consumption

13

Electricity Demand

Power Preparation

Load Management

Supply & Demand Balance

14

04. Strategies for EV charging

(Distribution System Operator)

DRAS

System Architecture

15

CPO

EMSDSO

TTU

(capture the transformer load)

(Charge Point Operator)

OCPP 1.6

(Demand Response Automation Server)

The transformer load is captured through

the TTU system to provide the DSO to

predict the maximum available capacity of

the charging station, and send commands

to the CPO for charging control. OpenADR 2.0b

OSCP 2.0

OSCP 2.0

4G LTE

API

Read/Write

Read/Write

(Energy Management System)

User InterfaceOCPP 1.6

Power Flow

Power Flow

Information Flow

Technical Aspect

16

7kW

Max 22kW

7kW 7kW

6kW

Max 22kW

5kW 4kW 7kW

4kW

Max 22kW

3kW 3kW 6kW6kW

20：00

21：00

22：00

【Full speedcharge】

【 Regulating charge 】

Switch

Regulate power & Stablize Charge

The Charging Station is controlled by EMS or

Cloud, and has functions such as scheduled

charging and regulation of charging power.

【 Regulating charge 】

Practical Aspect

17

TPCtransformer

Transformer Terminal Unit(TTU)

DSO

Customer

Installation

TPC

Facility EMS

依充電裕度調控充電

Prepared by Resident’s Committee

New meter

box

Dedicated meter

Mainswitch

box

Branchswitch

box

Cable tray

Busway

Set byEV owner

Power line

Charging pointRegulated

By EMS

Po

we

r lin

e

EV Owner’s Responsibility

1. Promote community to apply dedicatedmeter for EV charging, and adopt overallpower line planning, to keep safe, neat andmeanwhile fulfill charging demand.

2. Guide user to adopt EMS, to chargediscretely and in off-peak time.

3. New TOU tariff with significant differencebetween peak and off-peak price isexpected to deploy on 2022, to induce usercharge in off-peak time, thus shave peakload. 18

Customer Aspect

Overall Power Line Planning

Charging Management

New Time-of-Use Tariff

19

Partner

System Integrator& Operator

Facility Vendor

Charging Point Vendor

EV Manufacturer

20

Charge in

off-peak time

Supply-Demand Balance

Vehicle-to-Grid

TOU

V2G

DR

Off-Peak Semi-Peak Peak Off-

Peak

CurrentPrice

PeriodPeak Semi-Peak

Off-Peak Semi-Peak Peak Semi-Peak

NewPrice

Period

0:00 7:30 10:00 12:00 13:00 17:00 22:30 24:00

9:00 16:00 22:00

Electricity Demand &

Grid IntegrationLoad Curve(w/o PV & Wind)

Load Curve

Lo

ad

(M

W)

PV

& W

ind

ge

ne

rati

on

(M

W)PV+Wind

21

05. Conclusion

Conclusion

Fully cooperate Government policies

Provide friendly Charging environment

Keep promote Smart charging

Load management Peak shaving

22

Thanks for your listening!