Strategies for Effective Lecturing or The Twenty Minute Lecture Lecture Carlyle H. Chan, M.D....
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Transcript of Strategies for Effective Lecturing or The Twenty Minute Lecture Lecture Carlyle H. Chan, M.D....
Strategies for Effective Lecturingor
The Twenty Minute Lecture Lecture
Carlyle H. Chan, M.D.Professor and Vice Chair for Education and Informatics
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine
Medical College of Wisconsin
Proverb
Those that can, do.
Those that can’t, teach.
Those that can’t teach, teach about teaching.
-Anonymous
4 P’s of Lecturing
• Performance
• Preparation
• Presentation
• Paper Clips
Performance• Showtime!!! Medical lecturing as theater
• Sesame Street effect
• Dr. Fox effect
Dr. Fox Effect
• Dr. Fox I: Mathematical Game Theory as Applied to Physician Education
• Dr. Fox II: Biochemistry of Learning– High Seduction: enthusiasm, humor,
friendliness, expressiveness– Low Seduction: monotonous, boring
Six Separate Lectures
High content Medium content Low content
(26 facts) (14 facts) (4 facts)
High seduction High seduction High seduction
High content Medium content Low content
(26 facts) (14 facts) (4 facts)
Low seduction Low seduction Low seduction
Performance Cont’d
• I speak, you listen
• Where the notes of the lecturer become the notes of the student without passing through the minds of either
• Lecture versus Speech
Conditions for Speeches
• Political campaigns
• If you have a speechwriter
• Research presentations
• Disneyland
Preparation
Think!
• Objectives? Take home points?
• How can you organize your material to accomplish your objectives?
• How can you engage your audience?– Active versus Passive listening– Pre-test
Know your audience
• Match level of material with level of sophistication of audience
• Photographic vs. Phonographic memory
• Attention span peaks at 10-15 minutes
K.I.S.S.
• Most people recall only 2-3 points
• Don’t read facts, print them out
• Simplify or focus on highly technical points
Rule of thumb:
8 hours preparation for 1 hour lecture
How do you get to Carnegie Hall?
• Practice, Practice, Practice
• e.g. athletes, musicians
• Rehearsal before friends - anticipate questions
• Audio or videotape
• Get there early
PresentationElements of Style
Voice
• Rate: 150 words/min; 1 slide/min
• Problems: too fast; too slow
• Modulation: jocks vs. evangelists vs. infomercials
• Volume: project; microphone stage presence
• Direction: address each person in the room, one thought per person
Voice cont’d: Verbal markers
• Tell them what you’re going to tell them; Tell them; Tell them what you told them.
• Transition: “My next point...”, “In conclusion...”
• Emphasis: “Let me highlight this point…”• Pauses: for emphasis, to let point sink in• Vocal pauses: distracting
Emotions
• Anxiety: stage fright, epinephrine, arousal– Use the extra energy– Breathing exercises
• Humor: don’t have to be a comic, but it helps
• Enthusiam: check your energy level
Style and Delivery
• Extemporize, don’t memorize
• Use your whole body
• Keep the lights on!
• Don’t read slides; use as cues; face front
• Orient to slides; walk through graphs and figures
Style and Delivery cont’d
• Be aware: Slide/text Dissociation
• Repeat questions: “The question was…”– Turns focus back to you– Gives you a moment to collect your thoughts
• Don’t apologize
• Finish on time
Lecture Notes
• Comprehensive vs. Partial vs. Skeletal
• The Three Bears
• Timing of Distribution
Paper Clips & other parts of a Speaker’s Kit
• Cough drops, hard candy, water
• Cardboard
• 80 slot slide tray
• Extra bulb
• Paper Clip
• Pointer
Laser Etiquette
In Conclusion...
• 4 P’s: Performance, Preparation, Presentation, Paper clips
• More P’s (Proverbs)– Less is more– Worth saying, bears repeating– A picture is worth a thousand words– Practice makes perfect
• Yields Final P: Professionalism