Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee ... · Strategies and possibilities to...
Transcript of Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee ... · Strategies and possibilities to...
![Page 1: Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee ... · Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee diseases ... Brood combs +-brood combs + - wax ... sosis bees](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5cda414788c99330158d4dc6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 1
Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee diseases in traditional and local beehives
Wolfgang RitterCVUA Freiburg/Animal Health
Head of International OIE Reference Laboratory
President of Apimondia Standing Commission for Bee Health
Traditional bee hives in Africa
![Page 2: Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee ... · Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee diseases ... Brood combs +-brood combs + - wax ... sosis bees](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5cda414788c99330158d4dc6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 2
Advantage of traditional bee hives
• Well adapted and known technique• Easy transport by man or animal• Good protection against predators• Optimal size of colonies (food supply)• Traditional or available construction material• No or less additional equipment necessary
(Honey extractor etc.)• No or low financial input necessary • No credits, no debt, no risk
Differences between traditional and new bee hives
![Page 3: Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee ... · Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee diseases ... Brood combs +-brood combs + - wax ... sosis bees](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5cda414788c99330158d4dc6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 3
Type II
Type I(Eric Types)
(E.Genersch 2005)
American Foulbrood (AFB)Clinical symptoms
Paenibacillus larvae
![Page 4: Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee ... · Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee diseases ... Brood combs +-brood combs + - wax ... sosis bees](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5cda414788c99330158d4dc6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 4
European Foulbrood (EFB) Clinical symptoms
Melissococcus pluton
Diagnosis of Bee diseasesDisease Sample Location Mobile Immobile
AFBEFB
bees entrance + +
Broodcombs
+ -
brood combs + -
wax(combs)
brood + -
honey + +
debris bottom + +
food combs + +
![Page 5: Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee ... · Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee diseases ... Brood combs +-brood combs + - wax ... sosis bees](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5cda414788c99330158d4dc6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 5
Early Diagnosis of American Foulbrood
• Bulk Honey• Food (Broodcombs)• Wax• Bees• Debris
Early Diagnosis of American/European Foulbrood
• Bulk Honey• Food (Broodcombs)• Wax• Bees• Debris
![Page 6: Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee ... · Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee diseases ... Brood combs +-brood combs + - wax ... sosis bees](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5cda414788c99330158d4dc6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 6
Microbiological Analysis
Low number of sporesOutbreak of AFB?
High number of sporesOutbreak of AFB!
Early Diagnosis of American Foulbrood
• Bulk Honey• Food (Broodcombs)
• Wax• Bees• Debris
![Page 7: Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee ... · Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee diseases ... Brood combs +-brood combs + - wax ... sosis bees](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5cda414788c99330158d4dc6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 7
American Foulbrood
Wax from:
• old combs
• Former brood combs
Early Diagnosis of American/European Foulbrood
• Bulk Honey• Food (Broodcombs)
• Wax
• Bees• Debris
![Page 8: Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee ... · Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee diseases ... Brood combs +-brood combs + - wax ... sosis bees](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5cda414788c99330158d4dc6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 8
Early Diagnosis of American Foulbrood
• Bulk Honey• Food (Broodcombs)• Wax• Bees
• Debris
![Page 9: Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee ... · Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee diseases ... Brood combs +-brood combs + - wax ... sosis bees](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5cda414788c99330158d4dc6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 9
Diagnosis of debrisFoto: Titera
Diagnosis of Bee diseasesDisease Sample Location Mobile Immobile
AFBEFB
bees entrance + +
Broodcombs
+ -
brood combs + -
wax(combs)
brood + -
honey + +
debris bottom + +
food combs + +
![Page 10: Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee ... · Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee diseases ... Brood combs +-brood combs + - wax ... sosis bees](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5cda414788c99330158d4dc6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 10
Control of AFB/EFBwith Antibotics
• Kills the vegetative form only not the spores
• Provokes repeated relapses
• Repeated treatment with antibiotics necessary
• Leads to more residues and resistance
• Provokes resistance against pathogen
• Clinical symptoms masked
• High amount of spores in honey
• High re-infection
Control of AFB/EFB
• Shaking method (artificial swarms)
• Disinfection of beehive and equipment
• Burning of combs
• Observe the colonies for clinical symptoms they may disappear
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Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 11
Varroosis
Diagnosis of Bee diseasesDisease Sample Location Mobile Immobile
Varroa bees hive entrance
+ +
combs + -
brood combs + -
debris bottomboard
+ +
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Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 12
Varroosis(Varroa destructor)
• Treatment in colonies without brood
–Spraying
–Trickling (only bees in cluster)
–Dusting
Varroosis(Varroa destructor)
• Treatment in colonies with brood
–Long lasting evaporation
–A.i. present for more than 3 weeks
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Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 13
Treatment of Bee diseasesDisease Application Hive Mobile Im-
mobile
Varroa contact entrance + +
inside + +
spray combs + -
evaporate inside + +
dust inside + +
Tropilaelaps Milbe
Tropilaelaps_PUPPe.jpg
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Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 14
Diagnosis of Bee diseasesDisease Sample Location Mobile Immobile
Tropi-laelaps
spp.
debris bottomboard
+ +
brood combs + -
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Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 15
Tropilaelaps mite(Tropilaelaps spp.)
• Difference to Varroa:– Infest brood only not adults (mites die
after three weeks without brood)• Varroazids distributed on combs
are effective:–Evaporation, Dusting, ..
• Varroazids acting via body contact have no or low effect:–Contact (Trickling…)
Treatment of Bee diseasesDisease Application Hive Mobile Im-
mobile
Tropi-laelaps
spp.
spray combs + -
evaporate inside + +
dust inside + +
![Page 16: Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee ... · Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee diseases ... Brood combs +-brood combs + - wax ... sosis bees](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5cda414788c99330158d4dc6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 16
Acarapiosis
• Acarapis woodi
• Tracheal mite
• Dissection of bees
• Unable to fly
• Crawling bees
Diagnosis of Bee diseasesDisease Sample Location Mobile Immobile
Acarapi-sosis
bees Hive-entrance
+ +
combs + -
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Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 17
Acarapisosis(Acarapis woodi)
• Difference to Varroa:
– Infest only trachea of adults not brood
• Varroazids evaporating are effective:
–Evaporation..
• Varroazids acting via body contact have no or low effect:
–Contact (Trickling…)
Treatment of Bee diseasesDisease Application Hive Mobile Im-
mobile
Acarapi-sosis
spray combs + -
evaporate inside + +
![Page 18: Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee ... · Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee diseases ... Brood combs +-brood combs + - wax ... sosis bees](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5cda414788c99330158d4dc6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 18
Foto Rau
Diagnosis of Bee diseasesDisease Sample Location Mobile Immobile
SHB debris bottomboard
+ +
traps bottomboard
+ +
brood combs + -
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Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 19
Foto: Michael Duncan
Treatment of Bee diseasesDisease Application Hive Mobile Im-
mobile
SHB contact/ entrance + +
inside + +
trap inside + +
![Page 20: Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee ... · Strategies and possibilities to diagnose and control bee diseases ... Brood combs +-brood combs + - wax ... sosis bees](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5cda414788c99330158d4dc6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 20
SHB Treatment
A.I. via contact
SHB Treatment
Traps
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Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 21
Nosemosis
• Diarrhoea
• Crawling bees
Nosemosis
Nosema apis Nosema ceranae
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Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 22
Diagnosis of Bee diseasesDisease Sample Location Mobile Immobile
Nosema bees hive entrance
+ +
combs + -
bottomboard
+ +
Treatment of Nosemosis
• No medical treatment of colonies
• No healing of adult bees
• Good Bee keeping practice:replacement of old bees by young ones
• Renewal of combs
• Disinfection of stored combs:e.g. by 60% acetic acid
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Gewässerdirektion Südlicher Oberrhein/Hochrhein Bereich Offenburg
22.06.2011
Verkrautung des Weisweiler Mühlbaches 23