Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment
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Transcript of Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment
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Lecture 16 - Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment
Thursday , 4th June, 1 hr
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Levels of decision-making in environmental assessment
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What is SEA?
A decision-support tool at a strategic level – for supporting government and other authorities preparing or modifying strategic actions (policies, plans and programmes, PPPs)
SEIA can be seen as an improvement of and a complement to the EIA - usable in the decision-making process leading to an EIA
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Therefore SEA is an assessment tool that addresses the environmental implications of decisions made above project level
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What are the strategic actions?
They are 3Ps:
1. Policy- the inspiration and guidance for action
2. Plan – a set of co-ordinated and timed objectives for implementing a policy
3. Programme – a set of projects in a particular area
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Direct and indirect effects of PPPs
Social effects
• Health
• Demography
• Work
• Recreation
• Consumption
• Culture
• Values
Economic • Markets • Technology • Resource
management • Industrial
structure • Regional
development • Business
practices • Trade • Competitiveness
Environmental • Ecosystems • Habitats • Resources • Air • Water • Soil • Flora • Fauna • Aesthetics • Natural heritage
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key questions that any SEA should face right?
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Why conduct an SEA?
To help achieve environmental protection and sustainable development by:
• Consideration of environmental effects of proposed strategic actions • Identification of the best practicable environmental option • Early warning of cumulative effects and large-scale changes To strengthen and streamline project EIA by: • Prior identification of scope of potential impacts and information needs • Clearance of strategic issues and concerns related to justification of proposals • Reducing the time and effort necessary to conduct individual reviews To integrate the environment into sector-specific decision-making by: • Promoting environmentally sound and sustainable proposals • Changing the way decisions are made
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How is SEA different from EIA?
• The precision with which spatial implications can be defined is less
• The amount of detail relating to the nature of physical development is less
• The lead-time is greater
• The decision-making procedures and the organizations involved may differ, requiring greater degree of coordination
• The degree of confidentiality may well be greater
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Sequence of actions within an SEIA system
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SEA main procedural steps
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Stages in, and links between, PPP making SEA
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Methods / Techniques used in SEA
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For good practice SEA must:
• Discuss the policy rather than justify it, otherwise subordination rather than added-value will occur
• Clearly identify feasible policy and planning options (alternatives) and compare them in an assessment context
• Be clearly articulated in/with the policy-making process
• Use simple methods (e.g. strategic sustainability assessment)
• Involve the public and reflect the view of all actors
• Use good communication means
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Differences between SEA AND EIA
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More differences …
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Strengths of SEIA
• Makes it possible to investigate alternatives early in
the decision-making process, which also gives experts more time to collect relevant data
• Helping to put principles of sustainability into operation
• Giving an opportunity for public involvement in policy formulation
• Ensuring systematic appraisal of choices • Possible to see cumulative effects (but maybe hard). • Makes consideration of more diverse alternatives
possible, than when using EIA. • Facilitates more continuous communication between
different actors
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Weaknesses of SEIA
• Proposals for plans and policies are often diffuse, and decisions are often made in an incremental and not in a clearly formulated way which may make the performance of SEAs hard
• Problems with system boundaries may occur. Many potential decisions flow from a higher-level decision, which leads to analytical complexity
• A large number and variety of alternatives have to be considered at the different stages of Policy formulation
• It is a very long term approach - there is a high uncertainty in trying to tell the future effects of PPPs
• There are few models for performance of SEA, because there are few reports of successful SEAs
• Lack of SEA standard guidelines
• Cost and time implications to PPP initiators