STRATEGIC EMERGENCY LOGISTICS TRAINING - … · Logistics Contingency Planning Stockpiles...

1

STRATEGIC EMERGENCY LOGISTICS TRAINING Participant Workbook

2

WFP Logistics, We Deliver

Introduction

Introduction

3

Administrative Issues

Amenities

TimingQuestions, Discussion &

Information Sharing

Smoking Areas

Group Work & Activities

Class Distractions

Agenda

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4

Morning

Session

Course Introduction

(including WFP overview)

Humanitarian Supply

Chain

Logistics

Assessment

Operational

Planning

Scenario Exercise

Mewong: ConOps

Presentation

Procurement

Planning and

Exercise

Supply Chain

Partnership & Intl

Coordination

Information

Management

Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch

Afternoon

Session

Emergency Cycle

Preparedness

Scenario Exercise

Introduction: Mewong

Scenario Exercise

Mewong: ConOps

Logistics planning

Operations

Management

Recap and

Conclusion

4

Evaluation

Daily participant feedback

Course Evaluation


Questions

5


The World Food Programme

Lesson Objectives

1Describe the World Food Programme, its logistics activities and why it is delivering this training

2Describe the logistics cluster roles and responsibilities

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

6

WFP Logistics Video

WFP Global Operations

7

WFP at a glance

80 Countries

100Million beneficiaries per year

4 Million

600

3,000

metric tons of food a year by land, air and sea

storage facilities physically holding stocks

logisticians in country officesOver

27 % Cash Based Transfers

Assistance

73% In-Kind Food Assistance Logistics

Operations

More than

A Recognized Leader in Logistics

8

WFP Logistics – We Deliver

SEAThe bulk of WFP cargo touches water on its journey to its final destination

30 ships on the high seas any given day

In 2011, 1700 bookings moving nearly 2.5M metric tons of food worldwide

LANDWFP Logistics’ chief mode of transport is overland road transport

4,000 trucks on the road any given day, transporting 4M tons per year

WFP’s own fleet consists of 750 trucks across 20 operations

AIRFood airlifts and airdrops in emergencies

Transport of urgent relief and non-food items

60 aircraft in the skies on any given day moving cargo and passengers (UNHAS)

Specialised Logistics Capacities

CLUSTEREnsure the humanitarian community has ability to save lives through timely and reliable logistical service support & information.

Support more than 40 emergencies since 2006

Up to 200 humanitarian actors accessing Logs

Cluster annually

UNHRDFive strategically located emergency preparedness and response hubs as well as one UNHRD antenna

51 authorised users with approximately $US 90M worth of relief stocks (food and non-food)

UNHASThe “humanitarian community’s airline”

Serving 350,000 passengers to 240 destinations in 13 countries

870 UN agencies and NGOs accessing UNHAS services

9

WFP & National Governments

EmergencyFood Aid/ Assistance

Logistics

Planning

Infrastructure

Information

Training

Relief

Capacity Strengthening

Define Type of Support Required

Government Request for Assistance

Early Recovery

Development

1. Planning – Example 1

10

1: Planning – Example 2

2: Infrastructure - Example

11

3. Information – Example 1

3: Information – Example 2

12

2. Country level training library:

1. Overarching regional course:

4: Training - Example

• Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Training

TrainingOPERATIONAL

EMERGENCY LOGISTICS

PRACTICAL LOGISTICS

RESPONSE

STRATEGIC

EMERGENCY LOGISTICS

FOOD MANAGEMENT

LOGISTICS

DISASTER RESPONSE

SIMULATION

INTRODUCTION TO

HUMANITARIAN

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

Skillset Operational Operational StrategicStrategic and Operational

Strategic and Operational

Strategic and Operational

Method Classroom Physical TrainingClassroom

(+ Workshop)Physical Training Emergency Simulation e-Learning

Duration 5 days 5 days 3 days 3 days 5 days 6 hours


Questions

13


Humanitarian Supply Chain

Lesson Objectives

1Explain what the humanitarian supply chain is and what its components/parts are (sourcing to beneficiaries)

2List factors that will influence and constrain the set-up of the supply chain

3Explain how different programmes of assistance require different operational setups


14

Humanitarian Supply Chain Elements

Planning

Sourcing

Logistics

Efficiency

Effectiveness

Information

Humanitarian Supply Chain

Your Supply Chain Will Depend On:

Operational Context

Humanitarian Cargo

External Environmental

Factors

Internal Operational

Requirements

Supply, Transport & Storage Markets

15

Lo

gis

tics

Suppliers

/ P

ort

of

Ori

gin

Inte

rnational Tra

nsport

Centr

al W

are

house

National Tra

nsport

Local W

are

house

Local Tra

nsport

Co

mm

erci

al:

Co

nsu

mp

tio

n/s

ale

to c

ust

om

erH

um

anit

aria

n:

Serv

ice/

dis

trib

uti

on

to

ben

efic

iari

es

17

Logistics

Downstream

Upstream

Upstream Network

18

Downstream Network

The Programmes

Delivery Type

Delivery Frequency

Service Delivery Direct Delivery

Pipeline One Off

19

Need-to-Delivery Time

72hrs 2 wks 3-4wks 8wks

Other than Food

FoodVOLUME


Questions

20

Lesson Objectives

1Outline the phases of an emergency and key

responses associated with them

2Describe the basic needs of disaster affected

populations and prioritisation during emergencies

3Describe the push and pull strategy and

application of humanitarian staging areas



Emergency Cycle

21

Emergency Cycle

RecoveryResponse

MitigationPreparedness

• Search and Rescue

• Needs assessment

• Resource Mobilization

• Relief

• Monitor events• Forecasting• Stockpiling• Contingency

Planning• Logistics

Capacity Assessment

• Lessons learned• Mitigation

• Rebuilding and Reconstruction

Prioritization

Self-

Actual-

isation

Pursue Talent, Creativity, Fulfillment

Self-EsteemAchievement,

Mastery Recognition

BelongingFriends, Family, Community

SafetySecurity, Shelter

PhysiologicalFood, Water, Warmth

Maslow’s Pyramid

Food

(Weeks)

Water

(Days)

Heat

(Hours)

Air

(Minutes)

Generic Emergency Prioritisation (the “rule of three”)

Hierarchy of physiological needs

Medic

al M

edic

al

22

Various Relief Items

Humanitarian Cargo

Food Commodities

Cereals/Cereal Blends

Oils Salt Sugar PulsesFortified Foods

RTUF

Relief Items

Medical Items

Housing & Shelter Items

WASH ItemsFood

commodities

Operational Support

Equipment

Dangerous Items

23

Need-to-Delivery Time

BeneficiaryNeeds

Assessment

Request Made

Request Processed

Supply

Goods Moved

Beneficiary

Information Time

&

Movement Time

Push & Pull

Push Pull

First few days – Needs not clearly defined

First few weeks – Needs defined

24

Humanitarian Staging Area

Push Strategy

Push-Pull Boundary

EndCustomer

RawMaterials

Simchi-Levi et al. 2008: 190

Pull Strategy

Staging Area

Staging Area Example: IFRC Haiti

IFRC considered three different options for a staging area for the 2010 Haiti earthquake operation: Miami, Panama and Santo Domingo.

3

1

2

Inbound

Consolidation

Outbound

25

Staging Area Example: IFRC Haiti

Advantages Disadvantages

SantoDomingo

• Cheapest option• Short lead time to Haiti• Potential to build national society• Coordination with other actors

• Likely congestion• Potentially hazardous:

earthquakes, security• Customs clearance limitations

Miami

• Advanced infrastructure of major shipping port

• Regular services to Haiti and Santo Domingo

• Coordination with other actors

• Cost and time of setting up new office

• Estimated most expensive option

Panama

• Advanced Infrastructure of major shipping port

• Regular services to Haiti and Santo Domingo

• Support structure and operating knowledge already in place

• Longest distance to Haiti• Not least cost option

Prioritization

72hrs 2 wks. 3-4wks 8wks

Other than Food

FoodVOLUME

Shift from air to surfaceShift from kits to single/customized items

26


Questions

27

Lesson Objectives

1Describe the rationale and process of Emergency

Preparedness planning

2 Describe the Contingency Planning elements

3Describe the objective of a Logistics Capacity

Assessment



Logistics Preparedness

28

Logistics in the Emergency Cycle

RecoveryResponse


Ongoing reassessment according to

needs

Logistics Plan of Action

Operation Reporting

Build-up on ExperienceLogistics Preparedness

Logistics Assessment

RecoveryResponse




Operation Reporting



29

How to plan for Emergencies

Identify WHAT could happen

Understand WHAT would be the impact on the affected people

Consider WHAT actions would be required to meet the humanitarian needs

Determine HOW agencies/organizations would work together

Know WHAT resources are required

Recognize WHAT governments, agencies & organizations can do to be better prepared

How should we plan for emergencies?

Preparedness Planning Process

Internal Work PlanEarly

WarningInitial Response

Mitigating Actions

Minimum Prepared

ness Actions

Emergency Readiness Actions

Concept of Operations

Standard Operating Procedures

(First 72 hours of response)

Relief Operation

Risk Profile

Internal Environment

External Environment

Risk Assessment

Event

30

Prep

ared

ness:

Th

e F

ive P

illa

rs

Th

e 5

Pil

lars

Sto

cks

Peop

leC

oord

inati

on

/P

artn

ersh

ips

Sta

nd

ard

s/

S

yste

ms

Log

isti

cs

In

form

ati

on

31

Elements of a Contingency Plan

Hazard & Risk Identification and Analysis

Scenario and Planning Assumptions

Preparedness Actions

Management & Coordination Arrangements

Objectives and Strategies

Preparation

Identification & Analysis

Implementing Preparedness

Response Planning

Contingency Planning Process Elements of a

Contingency Plan

Sectorial Response Plans

Logistics Contingency Planning

Stockpiles

Procurement Systems

Quality Control Process

Warehousing Facilities

Registration, Distribution & Monitoring Processes

Airports & Seaports Infrastructure

Logistics Mechanisms (Transport & Distribution)

Transport Agreements

Staffing Capacity

32

Logistics Capacity Assessments

Resource Capacity

Transport Infrastructure

Entry PointsReviewDisaster

Identification

Disseminate


Questions

33



Lesson Objectives

1Describe the objective and timing of a logistics

assessment

2Describe the requirements for planning and

conducting an assessment

3Outline the appropriate scope and content of a

logistics assessment


34


Ongoing reassessment according to

needs

RecoveryResponse




Operation Reporting


Assessment: Objective

The ‘How?’ is logistics!

The 6 questions to answer:

For who?Where?When?What?How many?How?

35

Logistics Assessment: Planning

Thorough Planning &

Design

Thorough Preparation

Increased Assessment

Accuracy

Improved Decision Making

Improved Planning &

Organisation

Effective Disaster Response

Assessment: 3 Main Phases

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

General Overview

Global Figures

Accurate Picture

Initial Inquiries

1-2 days

Initial Rapid Assessment

2-5 days

Detailed Assessment

6-30 days

36

Assessment Process

the nature of intervention

Clarify

resources and plan for

assessment

data and information

and interpret data &

information

conclusions and provide a

logistic response plan

or modify disaster

response

Report

Design

information needs and

sources

Identify

Collect

Analyze

Mobilize

Planning an Assessment

Setting the objectives of the assessment

Establishing terms of Reference for staff

Identifying users (Logistics, Programme, Donor etc.)

Agreed reporting format

Mobilizing resources (vehicles, staff etc.)

Identifying or preparing assessment tools

Identifying and selecting team members

Objectives

Terms of Reference

Human Resources

Tools

Resource Mobilization

Reporting Format

Audience

37

Ele

men

ts a

nd

Sco

pe o

f an

Assessm

en

t

# a

ffecte

d p

eople

Dis

trib

ution P

lans

Mate

rials

Requir

ed

Ele

ctr

ic P

ow

er

Wate

r /

Sew

age

Air

port

s /

Air

cra

fts

Seaport

s

Ware

houses

Coord

ination C

apacity

Com

munic

ations

Tra

nsfe

r Poin

ts

Local Tru

ck C

apacity

Roads &

Bri

dges

Railro

ads

38

Assessm

en

t Tem

pla

tes

39

Assessment in Emergencies: Summary

Speed required

No precise figures

Information needed to start

Adapt afterwards

TIME!!!!


Questions

40


Operations Planning

Lesson Objectives

1Understand the role of Concept of Operations (ConOps)

2Understand the difference between lean and agile Supply Chain


41

Operational Planning

RecoveryResponse




Operation Reporting


Programme Requirements to Supply Chain Planning

Information Flow

ProgrammesProcurement

& Logistics

DistributionPartners

42

The Delivery Programmes

Delivery Type Delivery Frequency

Service Delivery

Direct Delivery Pipeline One Off

What Where When Whom

How

Phases of a Response

DevelopMobilize / Implement

Set-upManage, Monitor & Evaluate

Plan ManageExecute

Link with Programmes


Operations Management

Implementation Operational

Planning

43

Tim

e-l

ine o

f a L

og

isti

cs R

esp

on

se

01

23

45

67

89

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Contr

acting o

f air

assets

Set

up o

f H

SA a

nd

consolidation o

f supplies

Air

lift

s w

hen r

oad

infr

astr

uctu

re n

ot

functional

Surf

ace t

ransport

thro

ughout

Fir

st

ship

ment arr

ival

44

Tim

e-l

ine o

f a L

og

isti

cs R

esp

on

se (

Nep

al)

45

Co

ncep

t o

f O

perati

on

s

Anticip

ate

d S

cope o

f D

isaste

r

Natu

re &

Scope o

f pla

nned O

pera

tional

Response

Com

munic

ate

s

Response S

trate

gy

to S

takehold

ers

Response O

pera

tion

Input

and A

ccess t

o

Fundin

g

Concept

of

Opera

tions

Support

s,

Expla

ins &

Facilitate

s

46

Co

ncep

t o

f O

perati

on

s:

Haiy

an

Exam

ple

Day 4

Week 6

47

Co

ncep

t o

f O

perati

on

s:

Haiy

an

Exam

ple

Week 6

48

Logistics Stream in the Disaster Cycle

Preserve Life:“Time saved means lives saved”Objective: EffectivenessParadigm: AgilityPhase: Response

Sustain Life:“Costs saved mean more lives helped”

Objective: EfficiencyParadigm: Leanness

Phase: Reconstruction

RecoveryResponse


Logistics Stream

Triple A Supply Chain

Postponement principles

Agility

Information Flow & Relationships

Contingency plans & emergency teams

Alignment

Exchange of information & knowledge

Roles & Responsibilities, sharing of risk,

costs and gains

Balances product with technology and life cycles

Adaptability

Monitor economies for new supply markets

Evaluates needs of ultimate customer

49

Triple A Example: IFRC

Lean Supply Chain

People Involvement

What is Waste?• Over production• Waiting• Defects• Rework

Every Process must add value

Eliminate processes that don’t add value

Built-in Quality StandardizationShort Lead

TimeContinuous

Improvement

Principles of Lean

No Waste

50

Measuring Supply Chains


Questions

51


Procurement Planning

Lesson Objectives

1Describe the models of inventory cost and

turnover

2 Describe the principles of safety and free stock

3Describe strategic procurement and investment

in suppliers


52

1. Identify your requirements

2. Develop your Procurement Plan with

reference to lessons learned

3. Coordinate your requirements with

different GOVT departments to unify

overall supply sources

4. Identify your opportunities & threats

5. Adopt your Procurement Plan

The Vision

Strategic Planning Process

Procurement Planning

Internal Users

Emergency Response /

Beneficiaries

Stock Replenishment

Central Warehouses

Procurement Sourcing

Field Warehouse /

Hubs

Internal Users

Emergency Response /

Beneficiaries

Stock Replenishment

Needs Identified DistributionOrder Management

53

Strategic Planning Process

Whether to procure

How to procure

What to procure

How much to procure

When to procure

Taking into account:

Distribution schedule & capacity

Characteristics of the product

Inventory management

Managing Numerous Supply Chains Inventories Across the Supply Chain

NationalNetworks

RegionalNetworks

Local Networks

Customer 1Frequent

Customer 2Infrequent

DeliveryPoints

Chopra & Meindl 2010: Ch. 10

54

Inventory Management

How inventory management is linked to your Procurement Planning Process

1. Free stock

2. Safety Stock

3. Emergency stock

Definition ‘Free Stock’

Physical Stock on hand

Stock on order from suppliers

Stock in Transit

Stock allocated to consignments

Stock reserved for special purposes

Free Stock

55

• Minimum stock level• Maximum stock level• EOC (Economic Ordering Cost)• EOQ (Economic Ordering Quantity)

Inventory Management System

Commercial sectors are using different methodologies such as:

Not used in emergency situations except for medical items where minimum stock level system is used.


Questions

56


Logistics Planning

Lesson Objectives

1Explain how plans are developed from

programme requirements and sourcing strategies

2Explain how logistics networks are designed and

configured


57

Logistics Planning

RecoveryResponse




Operation Reporting


Logistics Operation

Logistics Planning

From Preparedness to Response

Coordination &

PartnershipsPeople

Standards & Systems

StocksLogistics

Information

Operational Set-Up Implement

Operational Plan

The Operation


Logistics Response

58




Plan ManageExecute




Implementation

Logistics Plan Development

Exit Strategy

Staff Availability

Financial Resources

Supplies

External Infrastructure

Transport Information

Security Arrangements

IM ToolsDistribution &

Tracking

59


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Week 1 Week 2 Week 3

Contracting of air assets

Set up of HSA and consolidation of supplies

Airlifts when road infrastructure not functional

Surface transport throughout

First shipment arrival

Transport Mode Selection and Comparison

Shipment Size

Transport Time

Transport Cost

Availability

Flexibility

Small

Fast

High

Large

Slow

Low

HighLow

HighLow

60

Logistics Network Considerations

Challenges and Constraints

Costs TimeInternational Commerce

Mode Type & Selection

Damaged Infrastructure

SecurityProduct

RequirementsBottlenecks

Direct Delivery

Distribution Centre (Hub & Spoke)

Warehouse

Warehouse

EDP

EDP

EDPEDP

EDP

EDP

EDP

HUB

EDP

EDP

Distribution Networks

EDP

*EDP: End Delivery Point

Supplier 1

EDP

EDP

Supplier 2

Supplier 3

EDP

Supplier Milk Run

EDP

EDP

61

From Planning to Implementation

Plan ManageImplement

Concept of Operations


Questions

62

Lesson Objectives

1Describe the resources required to manage an

emergency operation

2Describe the main activities of a manager in

emergency operations

3Describe the requirements to get a supply chain

operating




63




Plan ManageExecute




Implementation Operational Management

Managing People

To have the right people at the right time at the right place

1

2

3

4

Leading Teams

Staff Recruitment

Appraisal & skills development

Stress Management

64

Managing Assets

Managing the flow

Flow of information across the supply chain

Flow of goods from supplier to beneficiaries

Managing Financial Resources

Controlling

Defining, controlling and investigating variances of costs

65

Budgeting

Variable

Fix

ed

Direct Costs

In

dir

ect

Co

sts

Controlling

Variance Analysis

Financial Records

Corrective Action

66

Working Together

Information Sharing

Joint Assessments

Joint Training

Joint Planning

Resource Mobilization

Capacity Building

Shared Expertise

Shared Infrastructure


Questions

67


Supply Chain Partnership

Lesson Objectives

1List the different actors with whom you may sit in a logistics cluster

2Understand the perspectives and motives of the major actors

3Outline the relationship between WFP, the logistics cluster and host governments / militaries


68

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Donors

Indiv

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Local

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Local and h

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UN

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Peacekeepin

g

National

Inte

rnational

Inte

rnational

National

Local

ICRC

IFRC

National

Socie

ties

Local

Bra

nches

69

The Cluster System

Logistics Cluster

What is the Logistics Cluster?

What the Logistics Cluster can do

What the Logistics Cluster can’t do

Logistics Cluster

What is the Logistics Cluster?

What the Logistics Cluster can do

What the Logistics Cluster can’t do

70

Scale of emergency and Government response

Structure of government representation in the

Logistics Cluster

Co lead / chair of logistics cluster

Observer or liaison role

Client (where services

provided)

Cluster Relationship with Host Government

72

Unsolicited Bilateral Donations

What logistics problems arise from these donations?

Assorted second hand donations

Pharmaceuticals T-shirts Used Shoes

Children’s Toys Food Baby formula

How could this best be addressed?

Outsourcing to Private Sector Partners

Your agency’s Warehouse

Your agency’s transport

DistributionRelief Goods

Privately run Warehouse

Privately run transport

DistributionRelief Goods

73

Private Sector as Humanitarian Actors

Corporate Social

Responsibility

Examples from your country?

Example:Logistics

Emergency Team (LET)

Working with the Military

Opportunities

Challenges

Logistics Capacity and Infrastructure

Security and safetyAccess to

beneficiaries

Protecting Humanitarian

PrinciplesCoordination

Competition for resources

74

Military Partners and Humanitarian Space

Mission of Military Peaceful

Direct

Indirect

InfrastructureSupport

Peace-keeping

PeaceEnforcement

CombatHumanitarianTasks

Visibilityof Task

Decreases

Availability & Impartiality of Forces Decrease

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Maybe

Maybe

Maybe

Maybe

Maybe

Maybe

© UN OCHA

What is meant by the term ‘Humanitarian Space’?

Peace Support or Peace Operation

Implications on Meeting Management

Operational impact of the Mission

General Organizational Culture

Coordination and Information Sharing

Military Culture and Implications on Partnerships

Deployment and Support Requirements

75

Questions

76


Information Management

Lesson Objectives

1Describe the importance of information in

emergencies

2Describe the types and sources of information

across the supply chain

3Describe the logistics information management

process


77

Emergency Cycle: Information Management

RecoveryResponse




Operation Reporting


Importance of Information in Emergencies

Increased Stakeholder

Capacity

Foundation for Decision

Making

Supports Coordination

Links phases of the

Disaster Cycle

78

Open information exchange

Benefits Challenges

Information Exchange

Common situational awareness

Better use of resources

Builds relations

Supports future cooperation

Creates a culture of exchange

Sustains communication

Technical issues

Political issues

Timeliness of data collection & release

Unclear priorities

Confidentiality concerns

Culture of guarding information

From Data to Information

Data Collection

Collation/Filtering

Analysis

Information

79

Information in EmergenciesInformation Questions

Is it operational?

Is it our responsibility?

How can it be shared?

What is the source?

Information in the Supply Chain

Information Categories

Internal External

Evidence based decision-making

Principles

Standardized

Accurate & Relevant

Current

Information Functions

Tracking

Measure Performance

Control & Reporting

80

PURCHASE ORDER

or RELEASE NOTE

(Prepositioned)

DISPATCH

COMMENCED

LOADING

AUTHORIZATION

ENTERED

DIRECT DELIVERY

DISTRIBUTION or

WAREHOUSE

TALLY SHEET

WAYBILL ISSUED

CARGO DELIVEREDRECEIPT ENTERED

DRR PRINTED

TALLY SHEET

WAYBILL SIGNED

DRR PREPAREDWAYBILL ENTERED

DISPATCH REPORT

INVOICE PAYMENT

MODULE

INVOICE

PAYMENT REQUEST

PAYMENT FOR

SERVICE

MODE

SELECTION

Information Across the Supply Chain

SOURCING &

PROCURMENT

NEED

IDENTIFIED

CUSTOMS

CLEARING &

FORWARDING

Tracking and Tracing

Trace Track Control

81

Reporting and Evaluation

Monitoring

Evaluation

Reporting Performance

Information in Emergencies

ConOpsSituation Reports

Meeting MinutesDashboards

Maps

Infographics

Forms

SOP’s

82

Logistics Cluster Lead in IM

Operational Support

Collection & Dissemination

Info Sharing Platform

Information Management Process

Infrastructure

Relief Commodities

Fuel

Customs

Aviation

Programme Requests

Databases

GIS

Web Platform

Website

Maps

Specific Logistics Reports

Bulletins / SITREPs

Info for Logistics Coord Meetings

Commodities

Cargo Prioritization

Customs Information Guide

Data Gathering

Analysis/Info Generation

Tools for Coordination

Info Dissemination

83

Questions

STRATEGIC EMERGENCY LOGISTICS TRAINING - … · Logistics Contingency Planning Stockpiles...

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Transcript of STRATEGIC EMERGENCY LOGISTICS TRAINING - … · Logistics Contingency Planning Stockpiles...