STP1310 Foreword

8/10/2019 STP1310 Foreword

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S T P 1 3 1

T r ibology of ydrau lic

Pump Testing

G eorge E. Totten G ary H. Kling an d D on ald J . Smolenski

Edi tors

A S T M P u b li ca ti on C o d e N u m b e r P C N ) :

0 4 - 0 1 3 1 0 0 - 1 2

A S T M

1 00 B a r r H a r b o r D r iv e

W e s t C o n s h o h o c k e n , P A 1 9 4 28 - 29 5 9

Pr in t ed i n t h e U .S .A.


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L i b ra r y o f C o n g r e s s C a t a l o g i n g - i n -P u b l i c a t i o n D a t a

T r i b o l o g y o f h y d r a u l i c p u m p t e s t i n g / G e o r g e E . T o t te n , G a r y H . K l in g ,

a n d D o n a l d M , S m o l e n s k i , e d i t o rs .

p . c m . - - ( S T P ; 1 3 1 0 )

" P a p e r s p r e s e n t e d a t t h e s y m p o s i u m o f th e s a m e n a m e , h e l d o n 4 -5

D e c e m b e r 1 9 9 5 . . . s p o n s o r e d b y A S T M C o m m i tt e e D - 2 o n P e t ro l e um

P r o d u c t s a n d L u b r i c a n t s a n d it s S u b c o m m i t t e e D 0 2 . N o n H y d r a u l i c

F lu ids .

I n c l u d e s b i b l io g r a p h i c a l r e f e r e n c e s a n d i n d e x .

I S B N 0 - 8 0 3 1 - 2 4 2 2 - 8

1 . T r i b o l o g y - - C o n g r e s s e s . 2 . O i l h y d r a u li c m a c h i n e r y - - T e s t i n g - -

C o n g re s s e s. 3 . P u m p in g m a c h i n e r y - - T e s t in g - - C o n g r e s s e s .

I . To t ten , G eo rg e E. I1. K l ing , G ary H. , 193 1- . I I1 . Sm olen sk i ,

D o n a l d M . , 1 9 5 5 - . IV . A S T M C o m m i t t e e D - 2 o n P e t r o l e u m P r o d u c t s

a n d L u b ri c a n ts . V . S e r i e s : A S T M s p e c i a l t e c h n i c a l p u b l i c a t i o n ;

1310 .

T J 1 0 7 5 . A 2 T 5 6 1 9 9 7

6 2 1 . 2 ' 5 2 ~ c 2 1 9 6 - 4 0 2 5 3

C I P

Copyr ight 9 1997 AM ER ICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AN D MATERIALS, West Conshohocken,

PA. Al l r ights reserved. This ma ter ia l may not be reproduced o r copied, in w hole or in part , in a ny

printed, m echanical, electronic, f i lm, o r othe r distribut ion and storage me dia, without the wri tten

consent of the publ isher.

P h o t o c o p y R i g h t s

Auth or i za t ion to ph otoco py i tems fo r in terna l, personal , o r edu cat iona l c lassroom use, o r

the in terna l, personal , o r educa t iona l c lassroom use o f sp ec i f ic c l i en ts , is g ran ted by the

Am er ican Socie ty fo r Test ing and Mater ia ls AS TM ) provided that the appropr ia te fee i s pa id to

the C opyr igh t C learance Cen ter , 222 R osewood Dr ive , Danvers , M A 01923; Te l : 508-750-8400;

onl ine: ht tp:/ /ww w.copyr ight.com/ .

P e e r R e v i e w P o l ic y

Each pa per published in th is volum e wa s eva luated by two p eer reviewers and at least one of the

editors. Th e authors ad dres sed al l of the reviewers' com ments to the sat isfaction o f both the technical

editor(s) and th e A STM Com mit tee on P ubl icat ions.

To make technical information a va i lable as q uickly as possible, the peer-reviewed papers in this

publicat ion we re pr inted "c am era-rea dy" as submitted by the authors.

The qual i ty of the pape rs in th is publ icat ion reflects not only the ob vious ef for ts of the authors and

the technical edi tor(s), but a lso the work of these pee r reviewers. The AS-TM Commit tee on

Publ ications ack now ledg es with appreciat ion the ir dedicat ion an d contribut ion to t im e and effort on

beha l f of ASTM.

Printed n Philadelphia,PA

January 1997


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oreword

Thi s pub l i ca t i on Tribology of Hydraulic Pu mp Testing con ta in s pape r s p r e sen t ed a t t he

s y m p o s i u m o f t he s a m e n a m e h e ld o n 4 - 5 D e c e m b e r 1 9 9 5 . T h e s y m p o s i u m w a s s p o n s o re d

b y A S T M C o m m i t t e e D - 2 o n P e t r o l e u m P r o d u c t s a n d L u b r ic a n t s a n d i ts S u b c o m m i t t e e D 0 2 . N

o n H y d r a u l i c F lu i ds . G e o r g e E . T o t t e n o f U n i o n C a r b i d e C o r p o r a t i o n in T a r ry t o w n N e w Y o r k ;

G ary H . K l ing o f Ca t e rp i l l a r Inc . i n Peo r i a I l l ino i s ; and Do na ld J . Smolensk i o f Gen e ra l Moto r s

C o r p o r a t i o n i n W a r r en M i c h i g a n p r e s id e d a s s y m p o s i u m c h a i r m e n a n d a re e d it o rs o f t h e

resul t ing publ ica t ion .


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ontents

Overview--~. E. TOTTEN, G. H. KLING, AND D. J. SMOLENSKI vii

LUBRICATION FUNDAMENTALS

Testing Within the Conti nuum of Multiple Lubrication and Failure Mechanisms---

L. D. WEDEVEN , G. E. TOq~I EN, AND R. J. BISHOP JR.

The Lubric ant Fi lm-Forming Properties of Modern Fire-Resistant Hydraulic Fluids---

M. R ATOI-SALAGEAN AND H. A. SPIKES

The Effect of Ref rigerants Under a Mixed Lubr ica tion Regime--K. MIZUHARAAND

M. TOMIMOTO

Tribology of Hydraulic Pumps--A. YAMAGUCHI

PUMP TESTING

Tribologica l Testing Wi th Hydr aul ic Pumps: A Review and Crit ique--R. J. BISHOP JR.

AND G. E. TOTYEN

Pump Testing Strategies and Associated Tribologieal Conside ratlons-Vane Pump

Test ing Methods AST M D 2882 IP 281 a nd DIN 51389--J. REICHEL

Review of ASTM D 2882 and Cu rr en t Possibilities----G. M. GE~rr

Section D.02.N.7 Status Report on 20VQ5 Vane Pu mp Test Devel opm ent --

W. M. NAHUMCK AND T. MAROUGY

Evaluat ion of Vickers V-104 and 20VQ5 Vane Pumps for ASTM D 2882 Wear Tests

Using Water-Glycol Hydraul ic Fluids----G. E. TOTTENAND R. J. BISHOP JR.

Vickers 35VQ25 Pump Test H.T. JOHNSON AND T. L LEWIS

Comparison of Vickers Vane Pum p Tests Using Different Vickers Vane P um ps --

A. J. KUNZ AND E. BROSZEIT

Hydraulic Flu id W ear Test Design and Development--K. J. YOUNG

21

38

49

65

85

96

106

118

129

140

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E n e r g y E f f i ci e n c y S c r e e n i n g T e s t f o r H y d r a u l i c F l n i d s - - L . A . B RO NSH TE YN A ND

D. J. SMOLENSKI 16 5

P u m p T e s t s f o r H y d r a u l i c F l u i d W e a r Q u a l i t i c a t i o n - - R . K. T ES SM A NN A ND D . J. H EE R 1 7 6

S t a n d a r d i z e d H y d r a u l i c F l u i d T e s t i n g - A n O v e r v i e w a n d H i s t o r y - - J . M . JA CK SO N A ND

S. D. MARTY 186

P r o p o s e d H y d r a u l i c P u m p T e s t i n g f o r H y d r a u l i c F l u i d Q u a l i f i c a t i o n - - H . M . M EL IE F 2 0 0

T r i bo l o g ic a l E x p e r i en c e s o f a n A x i a l P i s to n P u m p a n d M o t o r M a n u f a c t u r e r w i t h

T o d a y s A v a i l a b l e B i o d e g r a d a b l e F l u i d s - - K . H . W I T rE A ND D . K . W IL LS 2 0 8

E v a l u a t i o n o f t h e L u b r i c a t i o n P r o p e r t i e s o f B i o d e g r a d a b l e F l u i d s a n d T h e i r P o t e n t i a l

t o R e p l a ce M i n e r a l O i l i n H e a v i l y L o a d e d H y d r o s t a t i c T r a n s m i s s i o n s - -

D. G. FELDMANN AND J . HINRICHS 22 0

T e s t i n g M e t h o d f o r B i o d e g r a d a b l e H y d r a u l i c P r e s s u re M e d i a B a s e d o n N a t u r a l a n d

S y n t h e t i c E s t e r s - - A . R EM M EL MA NN 2 3 0

FLUID CLEANLINESS

R e l a t i n g S o li d C o n t a m i n a n t P a r t i c le S iz e D i s t r i b u t i o n to F l o w D e g r a d a t i o n i n

H y d r a u l i c P u m p s - - R . H . F RIT H A N D W . SC OT T 2 4 7

C o n t a m i n a t i o n S e n s i t iv i t y o f H y d r a u l i c P u m p s a n d V a l v e s - - s . L EH NER A ND G . JA CO BS 2 61

A R e v i e w o f C o n t a m i n a t i o n R e l a t e d H y d r a u l i c P u m p P r o b l e m s i n J a p a n e s e I n j e c t i o n

M o l d i n g E x t r u s i o n a n d R u b b e r M o d e l i n g I n d u s t r i e s - - A . SA SA KI 2 7 7

BENCH TEST DEVELOPMENT

T r i b o i o g i ca l P r o p e r t i e s o f F i r e - R e s i s t a n t N o n f l a m m a b l e a n d P e t r o l e u m - B a s e d

H y d r a u l i c F l u i d s - - P . I . L A C E Y D . W . N A E G E LI A N D B . R . W R IG H T 2 9 1

A N e w T e s t M e t h o d f o r D e t e r m i n i n g th e A n t i - W e a r P r o p e r t i e s o f H y d r a u l i c F l u i d s - -

M. PRIEST C. N. MA RCH AND P. V. COX 31 4

I m p o r t a n c e o f M e c h a n i c a l T e s t i n g o f H y d r a u l i c F l u i d s - - J . RE IC HE L 3 2 9

C o r r e l a t i n g F l u id L u b r i c a t i o n C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s to P u m p W e a r U s i n g a B e n c h T o p

S u r f a c e C o n t a c t T e s t M e t h o d - - J . G . E LE FT HE RA KIS ND R. P . WEBB 338

T h e G a m m a W e a r T e s t f o r H y d r a u l i c F l u i d Q u a l i f i c a t io n - - R . K . TE SSM AN N A ND

D. J . HEER 34 9

A R e v i e w o f F o u r - B a l l M e t h o d s f o r t h e E v a l u a t i o n o f L u b r i c a n t s - - - J . M . PE RE Z 3 6 1

A u t h o r I n d e x 3 73

S u b j e c t I n d e x 3 75


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verv iew

T r a d i t i o n a ll y , n u m e r o u s t e st s h a v e b e e n u s e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h e l u b r i c a ti o n p r o p e r t ie s o f h y -

d r a u l i c f l u i d s . T h e s e t e s t s h a v e i n c l u d e d b o t h p u m p t e s t s a n d b e n c h t e s t s . H o w e v e r , n o n e o f

t h e s e t e s t s h a s a c h i e v e d c o n s e n s u s a c c e p t a n c e w i t h i n th e f l u i d p o w e r i n d u s t r y . T h i s la c k o f

c o n s e n s u s h a s a f f e c t e d e v e r y o n e i n th e i n d u s t r y .

F l u i d u s e r s a r e c o n f r o n t e d w i t h a m y r i a d o f d a t a o b t a i n e d f r o m d i f f e r e n t t e s t s , i f a n y a t a l l,

a n d a l m o s t a l l o f t h e t e s ts a r e c o n d u c t e d d i f f e r e n t l y w i t h n o a s s u r a n c e t h a t th e r e i s a n y c o r r e -

l a t i o n w i t h s p e c i fi c t y p e s o f w e a r t h a t m a y b e e n c o u n t e r e d i n t h e i r h y d r a u l i c p u m p s .

H y d r a u l i c p u m p O E M s ( o r ig i n a l e q u i p m e n t m a n u f a c t u r e r s) f a c e a s i m i l a r d i l e m m a in th a t

t h e y a r e c o n t i n u a l l y b e i n g a s k e d t o a p p r o v e t h e u s e o f n e w f l u id s o n t h e b a s i s o f te s t d a t a , i f

i t e x i s ts , t ha t m a y b e c o n d u c t e d u n d e r c o n d i t io n s t h a t m a y h a v e n o a p p l i c a b i l it y t o n o r m a l

h y d r a u l i c p u m p u s a g e o r t o t h e ir p u m p s .

F l u i d s u p p l i e r s a r e a l s o c o n f r o n t e d w i t h o b t a i n i n g l u b r i c a t i o n d a t a t h a t il l u s t r a te s th a t th e i r

f l u i d s w i l l e x h i b i t th e e x p e c t e d l u b r i c a t i o n p r o p e r t i e s i n e v e r y m a n u f a c t u r e r ' s p u m p s o f a ll

d e s i g n s a n d b e a t i n g c o n f i g u r a t i o n s a n d u s e d i n w i d e l y v a r y i n g c o n d i t i o n s , w h i c h a r e o f t e n

s e v e r e . T h i s p r o b l e m i s c o m p o u n d e d b y t h e f a c t t h at O E M s w i l l n o t a c c e p t a n y t e s t d a t a e x c e p t

a u s e t e s t in t h e i r o w n p a r t i c u l a r p u m p , o f t e n u n d e r u n i q u e e v a l u a t i o n c o n d i t i o n s t h a t m a y n o t

c o r r e l a t e t o t h e a c u t a l u s e c o n d i t i o n s o f t h e p u m p . F u r t h e r m o r e , i t i s i m p o s s i b l e to e v a l u a t e

e v e r y f l u i d i n e v e r y p u m p u n d e r n u m e r o u s e v a l u a t io n c o n d i ti o n s .

T h e r e f o r e , t h e r e i s a n e e d t o d e v e l o p a h y d r a u l i c f lu i d t e s t in g p r o t o c o l th a t w i l l p r o v i d e t h e

d e s i r e d i n s i g h t s i n t o t h e l u b r i c a t i o n p r o p e r t i e s o f h y d r a u l i c f l u id s in a w i d e l y v a r y i n g a r r a y o f

p u m p s a n d u s e c o n d i t io n s . T h i s te s t in g p r o t o c o l s h o u l d p r o v i d e t h e u s e r a m e t h o d o f s p e c i f y in g

f l u id s f o r p a r t i c u l a r u s e s a n d u s e c o n d i t i o n s . T h e O E M s h o u l d b e a b l e to a p p l y t h e d a t a o b t a in e d

f r o m s t a n d a r d t e s t s to p r e d i c t th e l u b r i c a t i o n p r o p e r t i e s t h a t w o u l d b e a t t a i n e d w i t h d if f e r e n t

p u m p s , p r e s s u r e s , r o t a t i o n a l s p e e d s , w e a r s u r f a c e s , a n d b e a r i n g s . I d e a l l y , t h e f l u i d s u p p l i e r

s h o u l d h a v e a v a i l a b l e s t a n d a r d t e s t s a c c e p t e d b y e v e r y o n e i n t h e i n d u s t r y t h a t c a n b e a p p l i e d

c o s t - e f f e c t i v e l y t o d e t e r m i n e f l u id l u b r i c i t y in h y d r a u l i c p u m p s a n d m o t o r s . F u r t h e r m o r e , t h e s e

l u b r ic a t io n d a t a c o u l d b e c o r r e l a ta b l e t o t h e e x p e c t e d p e r f o r m a n c e i n a n y m a n u f a c t u r e r ' s p u m p s

a n d u s e c o n d i t i o n s .

T h u s f a r, th e a b o v e s t at e d o b j e c t iv e s a r e o n l y a d r e a m . T h e T r i b o l o g y o f H y d r a u l i c P u m p

T e s t i n g c o n f e r e n c e w a s h e l d i n H o u s t o n , T e x a s o n D e c e m b e r 4 - 5 , 1 99 5 a s a f i rs t s t ep in

a d d r e s s i n g t h is v e r y c o m p l e x i s su e . T h e o b j e c t i v e o f th is c o n f e r e n c e w a s t o o b t a i n a n o v e r v i e w

b o t h o f t e s t i n g p r o c e d u r e s t h a t h a v e b e e n a p p l i e d a n d n e w t e s t s t h a t a r e c u r r e n t l y b e i n g d e -

v e l o p e d t o s u c c e s s f u l l y e v a l u a t e h y d r a u l i c f l u id lu b r i c i ty .

T h e t o p i c s a d d r e s s e d a t th i s c o n f e r e n c e i n c l u d e t h e p o t e n t i a l a p p l i c a t io n o f f u n d a m e n t a l

t r i b o l o g i c a l p r i n c i p l e s i n s o l v i n g a n d g e n e r a l i z i n g th e l u b r i c a t i o n p r o b l e m s i n h y d r a u l i c f lu i d

l u b r ic a t io n o f a b r o a d r a n g e o f p u m p s a n d m o t o r s . A n o v e r v i e w o f t h e m o s t c o m m o n l y

e n c o u n t e r e d p u m p t e s ts a n d n e w p u m p t e s ti n g p r o p o s a l s w a s p r o v i d e d . T h e p r e d i c t a b il i ty

o f f l u id c o n t a m i n a t io n o n p u m p w e a r w a s a d d r e s s ed . F i n a l l y , a n u m b e r o f b e n c h t e st in g p r o -

c e d u r e s t h a t a r e c u r r e n t l y u n d e r e v a l u a t i o n t o s u p p l e m e n t o r r e p l a c e c u r r e n t p u m p t e s t i n g

p r o c e d u r e s w e r e d i s c u s s e d . T h is b o o k p r o v i d e s a c o l l e c ti o n o f t h e p a p e r s p r e s e n t e d a t th i s

c o n f e r e n c e .

T h e t e s t s a n d r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s m a d e b y t h e s p e a k e r s a t t h i s c o n f e r e n c e w i l l b e c a r e f u l l y

a n a l y z e d b y th e n e w l y f o r m e d H y d r a u l i c P u m p T e s ti n g T a s k F o r c e w i t hi n t h e A S T M D . 0 2 N

c o m m i t te e . T h e t a s k o f t h is c o m m i t te e i s to r e c o m m e n d a n d d e v e l o p b o t h b e n c h t e st a n d p u m p

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t e st s a s app rop r i a t e t o add re s s t he p r e s s ing ne ed wi th in t he f lu id po we r i ndus t ry fo r m ore

e f f ec t i ve f l u id l ub r i ca t i on eva lua t i on .

F ina l l y Tribology o f ydraulic Pu mp Testing r ep re sen t s t he f ir s t f ocu sed g loba l con fe r e nce

addre s s ing on ly t he sub j ec t o f hyd rau l i c pum p lub r i ca t i on t e s t ing t ha t ha s been he ld . Th i s

c o n f e r e n c e w a s a t t en d e d b y le a d e rs i n t h is t e c h n o l o g y fr o m E u r o p e A s i a a n d N o r t h A m e r i c a .

A fu r the r ob j ec t i ve o f the con fe r ence w i l l be t o f ac i l i ta t e con t inue d g loba l t e chn ica l i n fo rma t ion .

George E Totten

Union Carbide Corpora t ion

Tar ry town NY

Sym pos ium cha i rman and ed i to r

Gary H Kling

Caterpillar Inc.

Peoria IL

Sym pos ium cha i rman and ed i t o r

D J Smolenski

Genera l M otors Corpora t ion

War ren MI

Sym pos ium cha i rman and ed i t o r

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STP1310 Foreword

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