STP designs - Dr. Ananth Kodavasal
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SEWAGESEWAGE TREATMENT TREATMENT
BASIC CONSIDERATIONSBASIC CONSIDERATIONSIN DESIGN & OPERATIONIN DESIGN & OPERATION
Dr. Ananth S. KodavasalDr. Ananth S. KodavasalEcotech Engineering Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.Ecotech Engineering Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.
11As presented in “The Water Workshop” organized by As presented in “The Water Workshop” organized by ApartmentADDA.com ApartmentADDA.com
FEBRUARY 2012FEBRUARY 2012
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CONTENTS
1. WASTEWATER POLLUTANTS/ IMPACT
2. PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL UNIT OPERATIONS
3. BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT VARIANTS
4. PROS AND CONS
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1.WASTEWATER POLLUTANTS/ IMPACT
WHY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ?
- COMPLIANCE WITH LAW
- WASTE MINIMISATION / RESOURCE RECOVERY
- IMPROVED SURFACE/ GROUND WATER QUALITY
- IMPROVED PUBLIC HEALTH
- IMPROVED FLORA & FAUNA
- LONG TERM SUSTAINABILITY
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POLLUTING INDUSTRIES
DOMESTIC ( BPO/ SOFTWARE/ RESIDENTIAL)
METALS / MINERALS PROCESSING
FOOD PROCESSING INCL. FERMENTATION
OIL & PETROCHEMCALS
CHEMICALS, BULK DRUGS
TEXTILES
PULP & PAPER
ETC., ETC. 4
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TYPES & EFFFECTS OF POLLUTION
O&G : TREATMENT EFICIENCY
AESTHETICS
HEAVY METALS : TOXICITY
ORGANIC CMPDS. : TOXICITY
BOD/ COD : OXYGEN DEPLETION
N, P : EUTROPHICATION
PATHOGENS : DISEASES
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THREE CARDINAL RULESTHREE CARDINAL RULESFOR A GOOD WWT PLANTFOR A GOOD WWT PLANT
PROPER DESIGN OF TRTMNT PLANTPROPER DESIGN OF TRTMNT PLANT
PROPER ENGG. OF TRTMNT PLANTPROPER ENGG. OF TRTMNT PLANT
PROPER O&M OF TREATMENT PLANTPROPER O&M OF TREATMENT PLANT
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WASTEWATER CHARACTERISATION
• PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
• BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
1. TO ASSESS COMPLIANCE
2. TO DETERMINE TREATMENT REQUIRED
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SOME PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICSpH
COLOUR
ODOUR
TURBIDITY
SOLIDS – SUSPENDED/ DISSOLVED
TEMPERATURE
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SOME CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICSORGANIC CONTENT
SPECIFIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
TOXIC COMPOUNDS
HEAVY METALS
REACTIVITY
( CONVENTIONAL MEASURES SUCH AS COD
TOD, TOC )
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BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
RELATIVE BIODEGRADEABILITY
TYPE OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
(COMMON MEASURE IS BOD )
REFRACTORY ORGANICS
INHIBITORY COMPOUNDS
TOXIC COMPOUNDS 10
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WASTEWATER QUANTITY, DISCHARGE PATTERN
• DAILY AVERAGE
• HOURLY AVG./ PEAK HOUR
•CONTINUOUS / INTERMITTENT
•BATCH DUMP
•NO. OF SHIFTS
• WEEKEND FLOW
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MICROBES
FOOD
O2
NUTR.
+ ENERGY
+ GASES
+ PRODUCTS
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BASIC BIOLOGICAL REACTION
MORE
MICROBES
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22. . PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL & BIOLOGICAL PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL & BIOLOGICAL UNIT OPERATIONS IN WWT UNIT OPERATIONS IN WWT
PHYSICAL TREATMENT METHODSPHYSICAL TREATMENT METHODS
SCREENING, GRIT REMOVALSCREENING, GRIT REMOVAL O&G REMOVALO&G REMOVAL EQUALISATION/ HOMOGENISATIONEQUALISATION/ HOMOGENISATION SEDIMENTATIONSEDIMENTATION FILTRATIONFILTRATION ADSORPTIONADSORPTION OTHER TERTIARY TREATMENT METHODSOTHER TERTIARY TREATMENT METHODS
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CHEMICAL TREATMENT METHODS
•NEUTRALISATION
•OXIDATION/ REDUCTION
•COAGULATION / COLOUR REMOVAL
•PRECIPITATION
•DEEMULSIFICATION
•CHLORINATION – OZONATION
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BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT METHODS
• ANAEROBIC BIOLOGICAL METHODS
• AEROBIC BIOLOGICAL METHODS
• FACULTATIVE BIOLOGICAL METHODS
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3. 3. AEROBIC BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT AEROBIC BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT VARIANTSVARIANTS
CONVENTIONAL ACTIVATED SLUDGE ( EAAS)CONVENTIONAL ACTIVATED SLUDGE ( EAAS)
MOVING BED/ FIXED BED BIOLOGICAL REACTORMOVING BED/ FIXED BED BIOLOGICAL REACTOR ( MBBR / FBR / SAFF / %#@+)( MBBR / FBR / SAFF / %#@+)
SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR (SBR)SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR (SBR)
MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR (MBR)MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR (MBR)
OTHERSOTHERS
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EAAS – EAAS – SUSPENDED M.OSUSPENDED M.O
EQ. TNK
AER.TNK
INT SUMPPSF
ACF
SET. TNK
SLUDGE HNDLNG
FNL TNK
CL 2 AIR BLOWERS
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MBBR – MBBR – ATTACHED M.OATTACHED M.O
SAME AS EAAS - EXCEPT SAME AS EAAS - EXCEPT
1. NEED TO HAVE PRIMARY 1. NEED TO HAVE PRIMARY SEDIMENTATIONSEDIMENTATION
2. PLASTIC MEDIA INTRODUCED IN 2. PLASTIC MEDIA INTRODUCED IN AERATION TANK TO INCREASE AERATION TANK TO INCREASE SURFACE AREA FOR MICROBES TO SURFACE AREA FOR MICROBES TO ATTACHATTACH
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VIEW OF MBBR TANKVIEW OF MBBR TANK
PLASTIC MEDIA FLUIDISED IN TANKPLASTIC MEDIA FLUIDISED IN TANK
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SBR – BATCH REACTORSBR – BATCH REACTOR
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MBR – MEMBRANE MBR – MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR - IMMERSEDBIOREACTOR - IMMERSED
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MBR – MEMBRANE MBR – MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR - SIDESTREAMBIOREACTOR - SIDESTREAM
2222
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EAASEAASPROS CONS PROS CONS
TIME TESTEDTIME TESTED AREA REQMNTAREA REQMNT
PROVEN – PROVEN – CONSISTENT QLTYCONSISTENT QLTY
POWER CONSMPTNPOWER CONSMPTN
OP. FLEXIBILITYOP. FLEXIBILITY
GOOD SLUDGE GOOD SLUDGE QUALITYQUALITY
EASY MONITORING EASY MONITORING CONTROLCONTROL
LOW SKILL LVLSLOW SKILL LVLS23
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SBRSBRPROS CONSPROS CONS
LESS NO. OF UNITSLESS NO. OF UNITS SOPHISTICATED SOPHISTICATED DECANTER REQD.DECANTER REQD.
LESS POWERLESS POWER NUMBER OF BATCHES NUMBER OF BATCHES – LIMITS– LIMITS
NOT SUITED FOR NOT SUITED FOR HIGH PEAK FLOWSHIGH PEAK FLOWS
MORE LOAD ON MORE LOAD ON FILTERSFILTERS
SLUDGE HANDLING SLUDGE HANDLING ISSUESISSUES
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MBBRMBBRPROS CONSPROS CONS
NONE KNOWNNONE KNOWN NEED PRIMARY NEED PRIMARY SETTLINGSETTLING
POOR ENERGY POOR ENERGY EFFICIENCYEFFICIENCY
SLUDGE HANDLING SLUDGE HANDLING ISSUESISSUES
MONITORING, MONITORING, CONTROL DIFFICULTCONTROL DIFFICULT
DIFFUSERS MTCE. DIFFUSERS MTCE. ISSUESISSUES
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MBRMBRPROS CONSPROS CONS
GOOD QUALITY GOOD QUALITY WATERWATER
HIGH INITIAL & HIGH INITIAL & REPLCMNT COSTSREPLCMNT COSTS
HIGH POWERHIGH POWER
HIGH CHEMICALSHIGH CHEMICALS
UNRESOLVED OP. UNRESOLVED OP. ISSUESISSUES
HIGH SKILLSHIGH SKILLS
HIGH LVL PRETRTMNTHIGH LVL PRETRTMNT26
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SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONSUMMARY, CONCLUSION
- EAAS STILL REMAINS THE EAAS STILL REMAINS THE WORKHORSE OF THE INDUSTRYWORKHORSE OF THE INDUSTRY
- TIME TESTED, PROVEN, CONSISTENT TIME TESTED, PROVEN, CONSISTENT RESULTSRESULTS
- FLEXIBLEFLEXIBLE- LOW LIFETIME COSTSLOW LIFETIME COSTS- EASY MTCE, MONITORING, CONTROLEASY MTCE, MONITORING, CONTROL
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DESIGN BASIS FOR BIOLOGICAL TREAMTMENT
AEROBIC TREATMENT
• pH
• TEMPERATURE
• FOOD
• OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS
• TYPE OF WASTE
• FOOD TO MICROORGANISMS ( F/M)
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• SLUDGE AGE
• MLSS LEVEL
• SLUDGE RETURN RATE
• EXCESS SLUDGE PRODUCTION
• DISSOLVED OXYGEN LEVEL
• MIXING IN AERATION TANK
• SETTLING CHARACTERISTICS OF SLUDGE
•TYPE OF MICROORGANISMS
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SECONDAY CLARIFIER DESIGN
• OVERFLOW RATE
• WEIR RATE
• SLUDGE LOADING RATE
• RETENTION TIME
• MECHANICAL RAKE ARM DESIGN
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SLUDGE HANDLING
• PRIMARY, SECONDARY, TERTIARY SLUDGE
• SLUDGE THICKENING
• SLUDGE CONDITIONING
• SLUDGE DEWATERING
DRYING BEDS,
FILTER PRESS, VAC. FILTER
CENTRIFUGE
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TYPICAL INTEGRATION OF TREATMENT UNITS/ STAGES
• PRELIMINARY TREATMENT
• PRIMARY TREATMENT
• SECONDARY TREATMENT
• TERTIARY TREATMENT
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TYPICAL FLOWSHEET OF TREATMENT
SCREEN GRIT/GRSE EQLSTN SETTLING
AN. REACTORAER. TANKSEC. CLRFR
SAND FILTER AC FILTER SLDGE HNDLNG
SEC. TRTMENT
PR. TRTMENT
TERT. TRTMENT
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ADVANCED WWT TREATMENT ( TERTIARY)
• ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION
• NUTRIENT REMOVAL
• AIR STRIPPING
• CHEMICAL COAGULATION/ SETTLING
• CHEMICAL OXIDATION
• MICRON/ ULTRA FILTRATION
• REVERSE OSMOSIS
• UV RADIATION 34
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4. OPERATION & MAINTENANCE PROBLEMS
SCREEN : CLOGGING, ODOUR
GRIT CHAMBER : POOR SEPARATION
PRMRY CLRFIER : FLOATING SLUDGE
LOW SOLIDS IN SLUDGE
AERATION TANK : FOAMING, MIXING,
OVER/ UNDER AERATION
SEC. CLRFIER : BULKING SLUDGE
PIN POINT FLOCS 35
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SEC. CLRFIER : NO CLARITY IN WATER
POOR SLUDGE SETTLING
PR. SAND FILTER : INSUFFICIENT CLARITY
BACK PRESSURE HIGH
ACT. CARB. FLTR : NO IMPROVEMENT
ETP OPERATOR : UNTRAINED
UN MOTIVATED
UN SUPERVISED
INDISCPLINED
DESIGN FAULTS : REDESIGN/ REENGINEER
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IMP. ACTS AND RULES ON ENV. PROTECTION
• Water (Prevention & control of pollution) Act, 1974
• Air (Prevention & control of pollution) Act, 1981
• Environment (Protection) Act, 1980
• Factories Act, 1948
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• The Water (Prevention & control of pollution) Cess Act, 1977
• The Indian Boilers Act, 1923
• The Water (Prevention & control of pollution) Rules, 1975
• The Air (Prevention & control of pollution) Rules, 1982
• The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1980
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• Scheme on Labelling of Environment friendly products (Eco-mark)- criteria for packaging materials (G.S.R. 621 (E) dt. 6 Sept. 1995
• Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989
• Manufacture, Storage and import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989
• Chemical Accidents (Emergency planning, preparedness & Response) Rules, 1996
• The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 39
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• The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Amendment Rules, 2000, 2003
• The Batteries (Management & Handling) Rules, 2001
• The Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules, 2000
• The Noise Pollution (Regulation & control) Act, 2000
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ECOTECH COMPANY PROFILE
•ESTABLISHED IN 1986
•DESIGN, ENGINEERING OF TREATMENT PLANTS
•COMMISSIONING, UPGRADATION, O&M
•REIA, WATER, WASTEWATER, ETP AUDIT
•OVER 600 PROJECTS HANDLED ALL OVER INDIA
•OVER 80 O&M AMC CONTRACTS AT PRESENT
•QUALIFIED, EXPERIENCED AND DEDICATED STAFF
•3 ENV. SCIENTISTS/ ENGINEERS
•8 FIELD, QUALITY & TRAINING OFFICERS
•8 MECHANICS/ ELECTRICIAN
•OVER 80 EXPERIENCED SUPERVISORS
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THANK YOU
ECOTECH ENGG. CONSULTANCY PVT LTD