STORM SPOTTER TRAINING STORM SPOTTER TRAINING ADVANCED LEVEL National Weather Service Charleston,...
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Transcript of STORM SPOTTER TRAINING STORM SPOTTER TRAINING ADVANCED LEVEL National Weather Service Charleston,...
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STORM SPOTTER TRAINING
STORM SPOTTER TRAINING
ADVANCED LEVEL ADVANCED LEVEL
National Weather ServiceNational Weather Service
Charleston, SCCharleston, SC
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TOPICSTOPICS Overview of the National Weather Service and Overview of the National Weather Service and
Why Spotters Are ImportantWhy Spotters Are Important How A Thunderstorm FormsHow A Thunderstorm Forms Ingredients For Strong ThunderstormsIngredients For Strong Thunderstorms Quick Forecast TechniqueQuick Forecast Technique SPC Graphics and WatchesSPC Graphics and Watches Storm Mode/Structure and Radar SignaturesStorm Mode/Structure and Radar Signatures Quick Guide To Weather HazardsQuick Guide To Weather Hazards How To Report Severe WeatherHow To Report Severe Weather
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NWS OfficesNWS Offices
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NWS Charleston “County Warning Area”
NWS Charleston “County Warning Area”
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Purpose of Spotter TrainingPurpose of Spotter Training
Understand the structure Understand the structure of storms and of storms and safelysafely observe themobserve them
Report what you see Report what you see back to the NWS, law back to the NWS, law enforcement, or media. enforcement, or media. We need your help!We need your help!
PROTECTION OF PROTECTION OF LIFE AND LIFE AND PROPERTYPROPERTY
Joe PublicJoe Public
Phone # (843) 111-1111Phone # (843) 111-1111
Joe PublicJoe Public
Phone # (843) 111-1111Phone # (843) 111-1111
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Average # of thunderstorm days per yearAverage # of thunderstorm days per year
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TOPICSTOPICS Overview of the National Weather Service and Why Overview of the National Weather Service and Why
Spotters Are ImportantSpotters Are Important How A Thunderstorm FormsHow A Thunderstorm Forms Ingredients For Strong ThunderstormsIngredients For Strong Thunderstorms Quick Forecast TechniqueQuick Forecast Technique SPC Graphics and WatchesSPC Graphics and Watches Storm Mode/Structure and Radar SignaturesStorm Mode/Structure and Radar Signatures Quick Guide To Weather HazardsQuick Guide To Weather Hazards How To Report Severe WeatherHow To Report Severe Weather
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THE THUNDERSTORM
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Thunderstorm FormationThunderstorm Formation
Thunderstorms requireThunderstorms require
– HeatHeat
– MoistureMoisture
– Initial Uplift (Kicker)Initial Uplift (Kicker)
– Exhaust MechanismExhaust Mechanism
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Sun Provides
Heat
Sun Provides
Heat
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Moisture Sources
Atlantic OceanGulf of
Mexico
Pacific Ocean
Pineapple Express
Plumes of moisture detected on Water Vapor Imagery and Plumes of moisture detected on Water Vapor Imagery and Surface ObservationsSurface Observations
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Fronts
KICKERS
Short Waves
Low Level Jets
Boundaries
Nose
Mountains
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Exhaust Mechanism
Upper Level Jets
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THUNDERSTORM LIFECYCLE
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Developing Stage
Developing Stage
Thunderstorm Life Cycle
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Mature Stage
Thunderstorm Life Cycle
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Dissipating Stage
Thunderstorm Life Cycle
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TOPICSTOPICS Overview of the National Weather Service and Why Overview of the National Weather Service and Why
Spotters Are ImportantSpotters Are Important How A Thunderstorm FormsHow A Thunderstorm Forms Ingredients For Strong ThunderstormsIngredients For Strong Thunderstorms Quick Forecast TechniqueQuick Forecast Technique SPC Graphics and WatchesSPC Graphics and Watches Storm Mode/Structure and Radar SignaturesStorm Mode/Structure and Radar Signatures Quick Guide To Weather HazardsQuick Guide To Weather Hazards How To Report Severe WeatherHow To Report Severe Weather
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How Do Thunderstorms Work?
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Ingredients ForThunderstorm Potential
• CAPE – Convective Available Potential Energy (Heat and Moisture)
• SREH – Storm Relative Helicity (Wind Shear)
Tools we use to measure these ingredients
Satellite-Radar / Surface Observations / Weather Balloons / Computer Models
(Kickers, Heat and Moisture, Wind shear)
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CAPE MEASURES THE POTENTIAL ENERGY OF AIR BY CALCULATING THE AVAILABLE HEAT AND MOISTURE IN AN AIR POCKET AND COMPARING IT TO THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT.
CAPE MEASURES THE POTENTIAL ENERGY OF AIR BY CALCULATING THE AVAILABLE HEAT AND MOISTURE IN AN AIR POCKET AND COMPARING IT TO THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT.
What is CAPE?
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IF AN AIR PARCEL IS HOTTER AND MORE MOIST THAN THE AIR SURROUNDING IT, THE AIR PARCEL WILL RISE BECAUSE IT IS LESS DENSE.
AIR PARCELS WILL CONTINUE TO RISE UNTIL THE TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE CONTENT (DENSITY) OF THE PARCEL MATCH THE ENVIRONMENT.
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CAPE Thresholds
< 100 J/KG INCONSEQUENTIAL FAIR WEATHER CUMULUS
100-1000 J/KG SMALL BUOYANCY UPDRAFT = 30-50 MPH
1000-2000 J/KG MODERATE BUOYANCY UPRDAFT = 50-70 MPH
2000-3000 J/KG LARGE BUOYANCY UPDRAFT = 70-90 MPH
3000-4000 J/KG VERY LARGE BUOYANCY UPDRAFT = 90-110 MPH
> 4000 J/KG EXTREME BUOYANCY UPDRAFT = > 110 MPH
The More CAPE, The Greater The Updraft Speed
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Warm Humid Air
Very Warm Dry Air (Temperature Inversion)
Very Cold Dry Air
“The Cap”
SURFACE
3200 FT (900 MB)
5000 FT (840 MB)
10,000 FT (700 MB)
40,000 FT (215 MB)
How To Build up EnergyHow To Build up Energy
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Pileus
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Warm Humid Air
Very Cold Dry Air
“The Cap”
SURFACE
3200 FT (900 MB)
5000 FT (840 MB)
10,000 FT (700 MB)
40,000 FT (215 MB)
Cap Breaks
Cap Holds
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WIND SHEAR
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WIND SHEAR
WIND SHEAR IS SIMPLY A RAPID CHANGE IN THE CHARACTER OF THE WIND OVER SHORT DISTANCES
WIND IS CHARACTERIZED BY ITS DIRECTION & SPEED
WIND OCCURS IN THE HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL
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WIND SHEAR IN THE MID AND UPPER LEVELS HELPS PUSHPRECIPITATION DOWNSTREAM.
IF PRECIPITATION FALLS TOO CLOSE TO THE UPDRAFTBUOYANT AIR IN UPDRAFT WILL BE REPLACEDWITH COOLER MORE STABLE AIR
THIS WILL CAUSE A DECELERATION & WEAKENINGOF THE UPDRAFT, LEADING TO THE STORM’S DISSIPATION
WIND SHEAR IN THE MID AND UPPER LEVELS HELPS PUSHPRECIPITATION DOWNSTREAM.
IF PRECIPITATION FALLS TOO CLOSE TO THE UPDRAFTBUOYANT AIR IN UPDRAFT WILL BE REPLACEDWITH COOLER MORE STABLE AIR
THIS WILL CAUSE A DECELERATION & WEAKENINGOF THE UPDRAFT, LEADING TO THE STORM’S DISSIPATION
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Rolling Horizontal Tubes
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Wind shearWind shear
How do Supercells form?How do Supercells form?
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Supercell DevelopmentSupercell Development
As these rolls (rotation) are tilted into a storm’s As these rolls (rotation) are tilted into a storm’s updraft, the mesocyclone (and supercell) develops.updraft, the mesocyclone (and supercell) develops.
As these rolls (rotation) are tilted into a storm’s As these rolls (rotation) are tilted into a storm’s updraft, the mesocyclone (and supercell) develops.updraft, the mesocyclone (and supercell) develops.
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UPDRAFT
Surface
Large CAPE will create strong updrafts that stretch air columns in the verticalLarge CAPE will create strong updrafts that stretch air columns in the vertical
Column of air is stretched, it becomes more narrow and accelerates.Column of air is stretched, it becomes more narrow and accelerates.
Tilt and Stretch
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Wind Shear Thresholds
The More Shear, The More Updraft Rotation
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TOPICSTOPICS Overview of the National Weather Service and Why Overview of the National Weather Service and Why
Spotters Are ImportantSpotters Are Important How A Thunderstorm FormsHow A Thunderstorm Forms Ingredients For Strong ThunderstormsIngredients For Strong Thunderstorms Quick Forecast TechniqueQuick Forecast Technique SPC Graphics and WatchesSPC Graphics and Watches Storm Mode/Structure and Radar SignaturesStorm Mode/Structure and Radar Signatures Quick Guide To Weather HazardsQuick Guide To Weather Hazards How To Report Severe WeatherHow To Report Severe Weather
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How We Measure ShearHow We Measure Shear
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http://www.spc.noaa.gov/exper/mesoanalysis
ASSUMING A “KICKER” IS PRESENTASSUMING A “KICKER” IS PRESENT CAPE AXISCAPE AXIS HELICITY AXISHELICITY AXIS SURFACE TEMPERATURE AXISSURFACE TEMPERATURE AXIS SURFACE DEW POINT AXISSURFACE DEW POINT AXIS
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TOPICSTOPICS Overview of the National Weather Service and Why Overview of the National Weather Service and Why
Spotters Are ImportantSpotters Are Important How A Thunderstorm FormsHow A Thunderstorm Forms Ingredients For Strong ThunderstormsIngredients For Strong Thunderstorms Quick Forecast TechniqueQuick Forecast Technique SPC Graphics and WatchesSPC Graphics and Watches Storm Mode/Structure and Radar SignaturesStorm Mode/Structure and Radar Signatures Quick Guide To Weather HazardsQuick Guide To Weather Hazards How To Report Severe WeatherHow To Report Severe Weather
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Storm Prediction Center OutlookStorm Prediction Center Outlook
http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/
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Storm Prediction Center DiscussionStorm Prediction Center Discussion
http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/md
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Storm Prediction Center WatchStorm Prediction Center Watch
http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/watch
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Important Definitions:Important Definitions: WatchWatch : Conditions are favorable for severe : Conditions are favorable for severe
weather in/near the watch area; issued over a weather in/near the watch area; issued over a large area for usually 4-8 hr by the Storm large area for usually 4-8 hr by the Storm Prediction CenterPrediction Center
WarningWarning : : ssevere weather is likely or is evere weather is likely or is occurring in the warned area (county); issued occurring in the warned area (county); issued by NWS Charleston for usually 1 hr or less by NWS Charleston for usually 1 hr or less – Seek shelter now!Seek shelter now!
Severe ThunderstormSevere Thunderstorm : ¾ inch hail, wind : ¾ inch hail, wind gusts 50 kt (58 mph) or greatergusts 50 kt (58 mph) or greater
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Watch/Warnings on the WebWatch/Warnings on the WebCounties under a Counties under a watch/warning watch/warning are highlighted are highlighted on web pageon web page
Counties under a Counties under a watch/warning watch/warning are highlighted are highlighted on web pageon web page
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TOPICSTOPICS Overview of the National Weather Service and Why Overview of the National Weather Service and Why
Spotters Are ImportantSpotters Are Important How A Thunderstorm FormsHow A Thunderstorm Forms Ingredients For Strong ThunderstormsIngredients For Strong Thunderstorms Quick Forecast TechniqueQuick Forecast Technique SPC Graphics and WatchesSPC Graphics and Watches Storm Mode/Structure and Radar SignaturesStorm Mode/Structure and Radar Signatures Quick Guide To Weather HazardsQuick Guide To Weather Hazards How To Report Severe WeatherHow To Report Severe Weather
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Single-Cell ThunderstormsSingle-Cell Thunderstorms
short-lived (20-40 min)short-lived (20-40 min)– Pulse TypePulse Type
usually non-severeusually non-severe
small hail, gusty windssmall hail, gusty winds
brief heavy rainsbrief heavy rains
weak tornadoes possibleweak tornadoes possible
more likely in the late more likely in the late afternoon or eveningafternoon or evening
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Multicell ThunderstormsMulticell Thunderstorms family of cells that family of cells that
regenerateregenerate
can last several hrscan last several hrs
severe, non-severesevere, non-severe
large hail, gusty windslarge hail, gusty winds
flooding rainsflooding rains
tornadoes possibletornadoes possible
day or nightday or night
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Southeast Storm ModesSoutheast Storm Modes
Squall LinesSquall Lines
Tropical SystemsTropical Systems
SupercellsSupercells
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Squall LinesSquall Lines
line of storms - 100’s of line of storms - 100’s of mi longmi long
associated with cold associated with cold frontsfronts
severe, non-severe severe, non-severe thunderstormsthunderstorms
damaging windsdamaging winds
line of storms - 100’s of line of storms - 100’s of mi longmi long
associated with cold associated with cold frontsfronts
severe, non-severe severe, non-severe thunderstormsthunderstorms
damaging windsdamaging winds
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Bow Echo Bow Echo EvolutionEvolution
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Squall Line TornadoesSquall Line Tornadoes
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Derecho (Squall Line)Derecho (Squall Line)
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Large Shelf CloudLarge Shelf Cloud
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Rolling Under The Rolling Under The ShelfShelf
Gustnado
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Wet Microburst Life CycleWet Microburst Life Cycle
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Southeast of Norman, Ok (Bill Bunting)
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Southeast of Norman, Ok (Bill Bunting)
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Rain Foot
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Shelf CloudShelf Cloud
wedge-shaped cloudwedge-shaped cloud
strongest winds strongest winds after cloud after cloud moves overheadmoves overhead
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Common wind damageCommon wind damage
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Roll CloudRoll Cloud
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Tropical Tornado OutbreaksTropical Tornado Outbreaks
landfalling or remnant systems landfalling or remnant systems
right-front quadrantright-front quadrant
majority are F0, F1 strengthmajority are F0, F1 strength
often associated with rainbands often associated with rainbands
can occur day or nightcan occur day or night
leads to increased fatalities and leads to increased fatalities and
damagedamage
landfalling or remnant systems landfalling or remnant systems
right-front quadrantright-front quadrant
majority are F0, F1 strengthmajority are F0, F1 strength
often associated with rainbands often associated with rainbands
can occur day or nightcan occur day or night
leads to increased fatalities and leads to increased fatalities and
damagedamage
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Rain Shield
Eye Wall
Eye
Spiral Band
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Frances Tornado OutbreakFrances Tornado Outbreak Sep 5-7, 2004Sep 5-7, 2004 remnants of remnants of
Hurricane FrancesHurricane Frances 20 confirmed 20 confirmed
tornadoes in tornadoes in Charleston CWA Charleston CWA
46 tornado warnings 46 tornado warnings issuedissued
Sep 5-7, 2004Sep 5-7, 2004 remnants of remnants of
Hurricane FrancesHurricane Frances 20 confirmed 20 confirmed
tornadoes in tornadoes in Charleston CWA Charleston CWA
46 tornado warnings 46 tornado warnings issuedissued
Tornado watches in effect for 48 hr!Tornado watches in effect for 48 hr! Tornado watches in effect for 48 hr!Tornado watches in effect for 48 hr!
Video courtesy of WTOC. Sep 6, 2004 East of Savannah on Video courtesy of WTOC. Sep 6, 2004 East of Savannah on
Talahi Island. Damage to residences and historic Ft. JacksonTalahi Island. Damage to residences and historic Ft. Jackson
Video courtesy of WTOC. Sep 6, 2004 East of Savannah on Video courtesy of WTOC. Sep 6, 2004 East of Savannah on
Talahi Island. Damage to residences and historic Ft. JacksonTalahi Island. Damage to residences and historic Ft. Jackson
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Landspouts / WaterspoutsLandspouts / Waterspouts Form from the lower levels Form from the lower levels
up to the cloudup to the cloud Land version - landspoutLand version - landspout Water version - waterspoutWater version - waterspout
– usually weak (F0 or F1)usually weak (F0 or F1)– may move slowly, if at allmay move slowly, if at all
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Beaufort Waterspout 7/13/05Beaufort Waterspout 7/13/05
Video courtesy of Beaufort Emergency ManagementVideo courtesy of Beaufort Emergency Management
Picture courtesy of Picture courtesy of Beaufort GazetteBeaufort Gazette
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SupercellsSupercells A supercell storm is a A supercell storm is a
storm containing a storm containing a mesocyclonemesocyclone– mesocyclonemesocyclone - - a deep, a deep,
persistent area of persistent area of rotation several mi in rotation several mi in diameter in a diameter in a thunderstormthunderstorm
can produce strong and can produce strong and violent tornadoesviolent tornadoes
potential to produce potential to produce giant hail, damaging giant hail, damaging straight line winds, and straight line winds, and flash floodingflash flooding
A supercell storm is a A supercell storm is a storm containing a storm containing a mesocyclonemesocyclone– mesocyclonemesocyclone - - a deep, a deep,
persistent area of persistent area of rotation several mi in rotation several mi in diameter in a diameter in a thunderstormthunderstorm
can produce strong and can produce strong and violent tornadoesviolent tornadoes
potential to produce potential to produce giant hail, damaging giant hail, damaging straight line winds, and straight line winds, and flash floodingflash flooding
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Classic Supercell AppearanceClassic Supercell Appearance
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Supercell VariationsSupercell Variations
LPLP
HPCL
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Radar image of supercellRadar image of supercell
Hook echoesHook echoes
Tornado on the south or Tornado on the south or southwest sidesouthwest side
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Overshooting Top (strong updraft)Overshooting Top (strong updraft)
Can be seen on radar and IR satelliteCan be seen on radar and IR satellite
Called an “Called an “Enhanced V”Enhanced V” or Warm wake or Warm wake
Winds diverted around storm coreWinds diverted around storm core
Obstacle flowObstacle flow
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Overshooting TopOvershooting Top
Supercell with overshooting top east of Salina, Ks.
Tropopause
Updraft
Overshoot
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Overshooting TopOvershooting Top
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Structure From a DistanceStructure From a Distance
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Updraft Strength…Weak vs. Updraft Strength…Weak vs. StrongStrong
Fuzzy CrispBase
Height &Width
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How To Position YourselfHow To Position Yourself
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What is a wall cloud?What is a wall cloud? local, often abrupt local, often abrupt
lowering of a rain-free lowering of a rain-free (or nearly rain-free) (or nearly rain-free) basebase
many wall clouds many wall clouds exhibit counter-exhibit counter-clockwise rotationclockwise rotation
many strong and many strong and violent tornadoes come violent tornadoes come from the wall cloudfrom the wall cloud
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Developing Wall Cloud
Look for rapidly developing scud below the updraft base
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Wall Cloud
Warm & Moist Inflow
Updraft
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Wall Clouds vs Shelf CloudWall Clouds vs Shelf Cloud Wall CloudsWall Clouds
– Suggest Inflow/updraftSuggest Inflow/updraft– Maintain position with Maintain position with
respect to rainrespect to rain– Slope upward and away Slope upward and away
from precip areafrom precip area– TornadoTornado
Shelf CloudsShelf Clouds– Suggest Downdraft/outflowSuggest Downdraft/outflow– Move away from rainMove away from rain– Slope downward away from Slope downward away from
precip areaprecip area– Straight Line WindsStraight Line Winds
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Tornado Typically Forms
Here
Wall Cloud
Updraft Downdraft (Rain Core) (Large Hail)
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TornadoTornado
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What is a funnel cloud?What is a funnel cloud?
FUNNEL CLOUDFUNNEL CLOUD – – rotating column of air rotating column of air pendant from a pendant from a shower or shower or thunderstorm with thunderstorm with nono contact to the ground contact to the ground
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What is a tornado?What is a tornado? TORNADOTORNADO – – violently rotating violently rotating
column of air from the base of a column of air from the base of a thunderstorm that is in contact thunderstorm that is in contact with the ground. A with the ground. A funnelfunnel does does not have to be present!not have to be present!– A rotating A rotating debris cloud debris cloud can can
confirm the presence of a tornadoconfirm the presence of a tornado
A GOOD SPOTTER KEEPS A GOOD SPOTTER KEEPS AN EYE TO THE SKY…AND AN EYE TO THE SKY…AND THE GROUND!THE GROUND!
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CONDENSATION FUNNEL
TORNADO
DUST
DUST & DEBRISCLOUD
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Are These Tornadoes?Are These Tornadoes?
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Watch The Ground!Watch The Ground!
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Tornado LifecycleTornado Lifecycle
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Rear Flank DowndraftRear Flank Downdraft
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Read the SkyRead the Sky
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Myrtle Beach, SC
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Myrtle Beach, SC CloseupMyrtle Beach, SC Closeup
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BoundariesBoundaries
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Outflow boundariesOutflow boundaries
Triggers Triggers additional additional
stormsstorms
Storms tend to Storms tend to regenerate to regenerate to the southwestthe southwest
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Categories of TornadoesCategories of TornadoesCategories of TornadoesCategories of Tornadoes
Intensity of tornadoesIntensity of tornadoes– based on the based on the actual actual
assessmentassessment of of damage, damage,
– NOTNOT a visual guess a visual guess
Sometimes large Sometimes large tornadoes are less tornadoes are less intense than smaller intense than smaller more compact ones!more compact ones!
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Straight Line vs TornadicStraight Line vs Tornadic
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Enhanced Fujita ScaleEnhanced Fujita Scale … …review of tornado damagereview of tornado damage
F0, F1 scaleF0, F1 scale Winds up to 110 MPHWinds up to 110 MPH WeakWeak
F2, F3 scaleF2, F3 scale Winds 111 – 165 MPHWinds 111 – 165 MPH StrongStrong
F4, F5 scaleF4, F5 scale ““Killers” : 70% fatalitiesKillers” : 70% fatalities Winds 166 – 200+ MPHWinds 166 – 200+ MPH ViolentViolent
F4, F5 scaleF4, F5 scale ““Killers” : 70% fatalitiesKillers” : 70% fatalities Winds 166 – 200+ MPHWinds 166 – 200+ MPH ViolentViolent
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Hampton SC Hampton SC F1 TornadoF1 Tornado, , 7/1/20037/1/2003
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TOPICSTOPICS Overview of the National Weather Service and Why Overview of the National Weather Service and Why
Spotters Are ImportantSpotters Are Important How A Thunderstorm FormsHow A Thunderstorm Forms Ingredients For Strong ThunderstormsIngredients For Strong Thunderstorms Quick Forecast TechniqueQuick Forecast Technique SPC Graphics and WatchesSPC Graphics and Watches Storm Mode/Structure and Radar SignaturesStorm Mode/Structure and Radar Signatures Quick Guide To Weather HazardsQuick Guide To Weather Hazards How To Report Severe WeatherHow To Report Severe Weather
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Tornado HazardsTornado Hazards
RecyclingRecycling UnderpassesUnderpasses Mobile HomesMobile Homes Entering The Entering The
Bear’s CaveBear’s Cave
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Turquoise/Green Sky Means Trouble Ahead!
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Hail Stone, Shaft, SpikeHail Stone, Shaft, Spike
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Lightning can strike “out of the blue” Lightning can strike “out of the blue” miles away from the thunderstormmiles away from the thunderstorm
Lightning can strike “out of the blue” Lightning can strike “out of the blue” miles away from the thunderstormmiles away from the thunderstorm
Doug Berry-NWS
Hazards Outside
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Lightning Safety TipsLightning Safety Tips Tends to strike the Tends to strike the
tallest object.tallest object.
Stay away from water Stay away from water and metal and metal
Seek protection in a Seek protection in a sturdy structuresturdy structure
Stay off the phone Stay off the phone and get away from and get away from appliancesappliances
“ “When Thunder When Thunder Roars…Go Indoors”Roars…Go Indoors”
30/30 Rule30/30 Rule 55 seconds = seconds =
Lightning 1 Lightning 1 mile away mile away
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Possible Signs of a StrikePossible Signs of a Strike Hair stands on Hair stands on
endend
May hear a May hear a buzzing or buzzing or crackling sound crackling sound
CrouchCrouch
downdown
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Flash Flooding Flash Flooding
Nearly Nearly halfhalf of all flash of all flash flood-related deaths flood-related deaths involve automobilesinvolve automobiles
#1 weather-related killer#1 weather-related killer
Don’t drive through low Don’t drive through low water crossings!water crossings!
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TOPICSTOPICS Overview of the National Weather Service and Why Overview of the National Weather Service and Why
Spotters Are ImportantSpotters Are Important How A Thunderstorm FormsHow A Thunderstorm Forms Ingredients For Strong ThunderstormsIngredients For Strong Thunderstorms Quick Forecast TechniqueQuick Forecast Technique SPC Graphics and WatchesSPC Graphics and Watches Storm Mode/Structure and Radar SignaturesStorm Mode/Structure and Radar Signatures Quick Guide To Weather HazardsQuick Guide To Weather Hazards How To Report Severe WeatherHow To Report Severe Weather
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Reporting and CoordinationReporting and Coordination
Hail (any size)…Hail (any size)…mention largest mention largest piecepiece
Winds 50+ MPHWinds 50+ MPH Wind damage (tree limbs, etc)Wind damage (tree limbs, etc) Tornadoes/waterspouts Tornadoes/waterspouts Funnel cloudsFunnel clouds Flooding of any typeFlooding of any type
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Hail…sizes to report…no marblesHail…sizes to report…no marbles!!Hail…sizes to report…no marblesHail…sizes to report…no marbles!!
Compare size to coins Compare size to coins (penny…quarter…etc.)(penny…quarter…etc.)
OR OR
golfball…baseball… golfball…baseball… softballsoftball
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TTime – When did it happen?ime – When did it happen?
EEvent – What did you observe?vent – What did you observe?
LLocation – Where did this occur?ocation – Where did this occur?
Use the TEL method when Use the TEL method when making your reportmaking your report
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What would you report?What would you report?
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Example of severe weather report:Example of severe weather report:
I am spotter ________ located _________________.I am spotter ________ located _________________. We just had __________________ here at the We just had __________________ here at the
house.house.
It began ____________ and lasted for ____ minutes. It began ____________ and lasted for ____ minutes.
I see a tornado (funnel cloud) ____________, moving I see a tornado (funnel cloud) ____________, moving to the ______. to the ______.
Highest wind gusts at my location are (were) around Highest wind gusts at my location are (were) around ________. ________.
You can call _____________ if you have any You can call _____________ if you have any questions about my report. My name is questions about my report. My name is ___________.___________.
CHS132 2 miles N of Awendaw
Golfball size hail
at 635 pm 5
2 miles North
NE
20 mph
843-571-1234
TTime – ime – EEvent – vent – LLocation ocation
John Doe
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Spotter Activation Spotter Activation StatementStatement
• http://weather.gov/chs then click on then click on “Local Haz Outlook” on left menu “Local Haz Outlook” on left menu
• Found at the bottom of the Found at the bottom of the “Hazardous Weather Outlook” product“Hazardous Weather Outlook” product
• Additional Skywarn info found at http:// weather.gov/chs/skywarn.shtml
• http://weather.gov/chs then click on then click on “Local Haz Outlook” on left menu “Local Haz Outlook” on left menu
• Found at the bottom of the Found at the bottom of the “Hazardous Weather Outlook” product“Hazardous Weather Outlook” product
• Additional Skywarn info found at http:// weather.gov/chs/skywarn.shtml
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To Report Severe Weather To Report Severe Weather
1-800-897-0823 (unlisted #)
1-888-383-2024 answering machine -
only monitored when a warning is active
1-800-897-0823 (unlisted #)
1-888-383-2024 answering machine -
only monitored when a warning is active
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Improved Slide Show….Improved Slide Show….
We need photos, digital pictures, and video of:
storm features
memorable storms
local damage
We need photos, digital pictures, and video of:
storm features
memorable storms
local damage
Digital images can be e-mailed to Digital images can be e-mailed to [email protected] [email protected]
Digital images can be e-mailed to Digital images can be e-mailed to [email protected] [email protected]
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Questions?Questions?
NWS CharlestonNWS Charleston– 5777 South Aviation Ave.5777 South Aviation Ave.– N. Charleston, SC 29406N. Charleston, SC 29406– 843-744-0303843-744-0303– http://weather.gov/chshttp://weather.gov/chs
NWS CharlestonNWS Charleston– 5777 South Aviation Ave.5777 South Aviation Ave.– N. Charleston, SC 29406N. Charleston, SC 29406– 843-744-0303843-744-0303– http://weather.gov/chshttp://weather.gov/chs