Storing Organizational Information - Databases
-
Upload
nik-muhammad-faiz -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Storing Organizational Information - Databases
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
1/30
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
Chapter 7Chapter 7
Storing OrganizationalStoring Organizational
Information - DatabasesInformation - Databases
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
2/30
7-2
Learning Outcomes
7.1 Define the fundamental concepts of therelational database model
7.2 Ealuate the adantages of therelational database model
7.! Compare relational integrit"constraints and business-criticalintegrit" constraints
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
3/30
7-3
Learning Outcomes
7.# Describe the benefits of a data drien$eb site
7.% Describe the t&o primar" methods forintegrating information across multipledatabases
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
4/30
7-4
Relational Database
Fundamentals
' Information is eer"&here in an
organization
' Information is stored in databases
( Database( maintains information about
arious t"pes of ob)ects *inentor"+, eents
*transactions+, people *emplo"ees+, and
places *&arehouses+
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
5/30
7-5
Relational Database
Fundamentals
' Database models include
( Hierarchical database model( information is
organized into a tree-lie structure *using
parent/child relationships+ in such a &a" that itcannot hae too man" relationships
( Network database model( a fle0ible &a" of
representing ob)ects and their relationships( Relational database model( stores information
in the form of logicall" related t&o-dimensional
tables
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
6/30
7-6
Entities and Attributes
' Entity( a person, place, thing, transaction, or
eent about &hich information is stored
( he ro&s in each table contain the entities
( In igure 7.1 C3SO4E5 includes Dae6s Sub Shopand izza alace entities
' Attributes (fields, columns)( characteristics or
properties of an entit" class( he columns in each table contain the attributes
( In igure 7.1 attributes for C3SO4E5 include
Customer ID, Customer 8ame, Contact 8ame
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
7/30
7-7
Kes and Relations!i"s
' rimar" e"s and foreign e"s identif" the
arious entit" classes *tables+ in the
database
( Primary key( a field *or group of fields+ that
uni9uel" identifies a gien entit" in a table
( Forein key( a primar" e" of one table that
appears an attribute in another table and actsto proide a logical relationship among the
t&o tables
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
8/30
7-#
Kes and Relations!i"s' otential relational database for Coca-Cola
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
9/30
7-$
Relational Database Ad%antages
' Database adantages from a business
perspectie include
( Increased fle0ibilit"
( Increased scalabilit" and performance
( 5educed information redundanc"
( Increased information integrit" *9ualit"+
( Increased information securit"
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
10/30
7-&'
(ncreased Fle)ibilit
' : &ell-designed database should
( ;andle changes 9uicl" and easil"
( roide users &ith different ie&s
( ;ae onl" one ph"sical ie&
' Physical !iew( deals &ith the ph"sical storage of
information on a storage deice eg hard dis
( ;ae multiple logical ie&s' "oical !iew* focuses on ho& users logicall"
access information
( Eg a mail-order buss- 2 people ie& diff
format *logical ie&s+ but same ph"sical ie&
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
11/30
7-&&
(ncreased +calabilit and ,erormance
' : database must scale to meet increased
demand, &hile maintaining acceptable
performance leels
( #calability( refers to ho& &ell a s"stem can
adapt to increased demands
( Performance( measures ho& 9uicl" a
s"stem performs a certain process ortransaction
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
12/30
7-&2
Reduced (normation Redundanc
' Databases reduce information
redundanc"
( Redundancy( the duplication of information
or storing the same information in multiple
places
' Inconsistenc" is one of the primar"problems &ith redundant information-difficult todecide &hich is most current and most accurate
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
13/30
7-&3
(ncrease (normation (ntegrit ./ualit0
' $nformation interity( measures the9ualit" of information
' $nterity constraint( rules that help ensurethe 9ualit" of information( Relational interity constraint%rule that enforces
basic and fundamental information-based constraints( Eg. 3sers cannot create an order for a none0istent
customer, proide a marup percentage that &asnegatie etc
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
14/30
7-&4
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
15/30
7-&5
(ncreased (normation +ecurit
' Information is an organizational asset and must
be protected
' Databases offer seeral securit" featuresincluding
( ,ass1ord( proides authentication of the user
(Accessle%el( determines &ho has access to thedifferent t"pes of information
( Accesscontrol( determines t"pes of user access,
such as read-onl" access
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
16/30
7-&6
Database anagement +stems
' Database manaement systems (D&'#)
soft&are through &hich users and application
programs interact &ith a database
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
17/30
7-&7
D::-D5I=E8 $E> SIES
' Data%dri!en eb sites( an interactie $eb
site ept constantl" updated and releant to
the needs of its customers through the use of
a database
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
18/30
7-
Data-Drien $eb Site >usiness
:dantages' De%elo"ment :llo&s the $eb site o&ner to mae changes
an" time?all &ithout haing to rel" on a deeloper or no&ing ;4@
programming. : &ell-structured, data-drien $eb site enables
updating &ith little or no training.
' ontent management: static $eb site re9uires aprogrammer to mae updates. his adds an unnecessar" la"er
bet&een the business and its $eb content, &hich can lead to
misunderstandings and slo& turnarounds for desired changes.
'Future e)"andabilit
;aing a data-drien $eb site
enables the site to gro& faster than &ould be possible &ith a static
site. Changing the la"out, displa"s, and functionalit" of the site
*adding more features and sections+ is easier &ith a data-drien
solution.
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
19/30
7-&$
' inimiing !uman error Een the most competentprogrammer charged &ith the tas of maintaining man" pages &ill oerloo
things and mae mistaes. his &ill lead to bugs and inconsistencies that
can be time consuming and e0pensie to trac do&n and fi0. 3nfortunatel",
users &ho come across these bugs &ill liel" become irritated and ma"
leae the site. : &ell-designed, data-drien $eb site &ill hae Aerror
trappingA mechanisms to ensure that re9uired information is filled out
correctl" and that content is entered and displa"ed in its correct format.
' utting "roduction and u"date costs : data-drien$eb site can be updated and ApublishedA b" an" competent data entr" or
administratie person. In addition to being conenient and more affordable,changes and updates &ill tae a fraction of the time that the" &ould &ith a
static site. $hile training a competent programmer can tae months or
een "ears, training a data entr" person can be done in !B to B minutes.
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
20/30
7-2'
' ore eicient >" their er" nature, computers are e0cellent ateeping olumes of information intact. $ith a data-drien solution, the
s"stem eeps trac of the templates, so users do not hae to. lobal
changes to la"out, naigation, or site structure &ould need to be
programmed onl" once, in one place, and the site itself &ill tae care of
propagating those changes to the appropriate pages and areas. : data-
drien infrastructure &ill improe the reliabilit" and stabilit" of a $eb site,&hile greatl" reducing the chance of AbreaingA some part of the site &hen
adding ne& areas.
' (m"ro%ed +tabilit :n" programmer &ho has to update a $ebsite from AstaticA templates must be er" organized to eep trac of all the
source files. If a programmer leaes une0pectedl", it could inole re-creating e0isting &or if those source files cannot be found. lus, if there
&ere an" changes to the templates, the ne& programmer must be careful to
use onl" the latest ersion. $ith a data-drien $eb site, there is peace of
mind, no&ing the content is neer lost?een if "our programmer is.
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
21/30
7-2&
Data-Drien >usiness Intelligence
' >I in a data-drien $eb site
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
22/30
7-22
(ntegrating (normation
among ulti"le Databases
' $nteration( allo&s separate s"stems tocommunicate directl" &ith each other( Forward interation( taes information
entered into a gien s"stem and sends itautomaticall" to all do&nstream s"stems andprocesses
( &ackward interation( taes information
entered into a gien s"stem and sends itautomaticall" to all upstream s"stems andprocesses
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
23/30
7-23
(ntegrating (normation
among ulti"le Databases' Forward interation
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
24/30
7-24
(ntegrating (normation
among ulti"le Databases
' &ackward interation
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
25/30
7-25
(ntegrating (normation
among ulti"le Databases
' >uilding a central repositor" specificall"
for integrated information
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
26/30
7-26
' $ithout integration, an organization &ill
( Spend considerable time entering the same
info in multiple s"stem
( Suffer from the lo& 9ualit" and inconsistenc"
t"picall" embedded in redundant info.
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
27/30
7-27
O,E( A+E +89D: /9E+8(O+
It aes : =illage to $rite an Enc"clopedia
1. Identif" the different t"pes of entit" classes
that might be stored in $iipedia6s database
2. E0plain &h" database technolog" is soimportant to $iipedia6s business model
!. E0plain the difference bet&een logical andph"sical ie&s and &h" logical ie&s are
important to $iipedia6s customers
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
28/30
7-2#
C;:E5 SE=E8 C:SE
eeper of the e"s
' :lmost FB million people had their personal
information stolen or lost b" organizations
( >an of :merica 1.2 million customers
( CardS"stems #B million customers
( Citigroup !.F million customers
( DS$ Shoe $arehouse 1.# million customers.
( GH Companies #%. million customers
( $achoia 7,BBB customers
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
29/30
7-2$
Chapter Seen Case uestions
1. How many organizations have yourpersonal information, including your SocialSecurity number, bank account numbers,and credit card numbers?
2. hat information is stored at your college?!s there any chance your information couldbe hacked and stolen from your college?
". hat can you do to protect yourself fromidentity theft?
-
7/17/2019 Storing Organizational Information - Databases
30/30
7-3'
Chapter Seen Case uestions
#. $o you agree or disagree with changing lawsto hold the company where the data theftoccurred accountable? hy or why not?
%. hat impact would holding the companyliable where the data theft occurred have onlarge organizations?
&. hat impact would holding the companyliable where the data theft occurred have onsmall business?