Stone Mountain Technologies, Inc. - noraweb.org · Stone Mountain Technologies, Inc. ... •...
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Stone Mountain Technologies, Inc. Compressors for Thermally-Driven Heat Pumps (TDHPs)
Breaking 100% Efficiency Barrier
for Heating
SNEEC: NORA Technical Workshop
19September2017
Michael Garrabrant, President & CEO
Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
www.StoneMountainTechnologies.com
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Trend: Transition to Heat Pumps
Global Heat Pump
Shipments
+8.5% CAGR Predicted to Accelerate
2 Confidential
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But 99.9% Are Electric …..
• Low Heating Capacities
• Poor Cold Weather Performance
• Majority of Global Heating Is Gas or Fuel Oil……
3 Confidential
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Current technology maxed at <100%
97% Max-Tech
80% Minimum Std
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s/O
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Limited Product Differentiation 92%
4 Confidential
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Absorption Heat Pumps Break 100% Barrier
Outside Temperature
97%
-20oF 80oF
160%
80%
120%
…and work well at low outside temperatures!
SMTI
Ga
s/O
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tin
g E
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5 Confidential
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Renewable Energy Content: 35%
Solar Energy
(via the atmosphere)
Fuel Source
0.5
1.0
6
1.5
Confidential
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How Does Thermal Absorption Work?
Vapor Compression Thermal Compression
7 Confidential
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Many Ways to Use Absorption Heating
Residential & Commercial
10,000 – 140,000 btu/hr (manifold multiple units up to ~ 700 kbtu/hr)
buildings pools water
8 Confidential
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Fuel Agnostic
Confidential 9
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B2B Business Model
OEMS…
End Use Products
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Cost-effective and rapid pathway to market
OEM retains brand identity and customers
Consolidate Volume Across Multiple Markets/OEMs
End-product cost half of existing options
Thermal
Compressor
Confidential
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Scalable and Flexible Design
3 kW 6 kW 23 kW 40 kW
Confidential
Anything In-Between
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SMTI Absorption Heat Pumps
COP = 1.45 at 47/120oF
Fuel-Fired, Air to Water Heat Pump Condensing 4:1 Modulation
10,000 to 140,000 Bth Heating Output Models 20o F Hydronic Differential Outdoor Installation (no venting)
12 Confidential
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Hydronic Space & Water Heating
Comfort: 4:1 Modulating Heat Pump with Outdoor
Supply Temperature Reset
Safety: All Combustion
Outside
Hybrid Model for All-Season Climate Control (patent pending) - 2 or 4 pipe installation
Confidential
Fuel
Oil
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Forced-Air Space Heating Heating Dominated Climate Zones: 4000+ HDD
4:1 Modulating Heat Pump
with Ambient Reset
Outdoor Location for Safety
Fully Modulating Air-handler
Hybrid Model for All-Season Climate Control (patent pending)
Controlled Supply Air Temperature
14 Confidential
Fuel
Oil
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Commercial Water Heating Size for 25-80% design load
• Food Service • Education/Dormitory • Hospitality • Laundry • Prisons • Medical
• All Climate Zones
15 Confidential
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NORA Research Contract
Develop and Test an 80,000 btu/hr
Liquid Fuel-Fired Absorption Heat Pump
with 4:1 Modulation
16 Confidential
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Major Project Tasks
Residential Energy Modeling 7 Northeast Cities
Heating Only, Reversible, Hybrid
With and w/o Indirect Water Heating
Annual Cost Savings/Simple Payback
Dealer/Contractor Interviews
Burner-Desorber-CHX Bench Testing Prove 4:1 Modulation w/Babington Burner
LFAHP Prototype Testing SMTI
Brookhaven National Lab
Confidential
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Locations Investigated - Overview
© SMTI 2015
Location Heating Oil
Price, $/Gal
Electricity
price, $/kWh
Portland, Maine 2.049 0.0694
Hartford, Connecticut 2.482 0.1267
New York City, New York 2.753 0.2321
Albany, New York 2.462 0.1100
Concord, New Hampshire 2.231 0.1392
Burlington, Vermont 2.309 0.1558
Worcester, Massachusetts 2.390 0.1313
Confidential 18
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Modeling Performed
© SMTI 2017
2500 sqft ranch house, 60 kbth design heating load at 0oF
Confidential 19
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Concord, NH (zone 1): Annual Cost Savings
© SMTI 2017
Reversible LFHP Hybrid
vs 80% boiler
w/water heating
vs 95% furnace
w/water heating
Confidential 20
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© SMTI 2017
New York City (zone 3): Annual Cost Savings
Reversible LFHP Hybrid
vs 80% boiler
w/water heating
vs 95% furnace
w/water heating
Confidential 21
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Simple Economic Payback
Reversible LFAHP: 1 year to never
Hybrid LFAHP/EAC: 0.5 to 5 years
Separate LFAHP/EAC: 2.4 to 5.1 years
Confidential
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Bench Testing
Confidential
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80 kbth Prototype
© SMTI 2017
Overall Package Dimensions:
38 x 54 x 46” (W x L x H)
Babington FlexFire Burner Assembly
Firebox allowing for horizontal fire
Confidential 24
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Stone Mountain Technologies, Inc. Compressors for Thermally-Driven Heat Pumps (TDHPs)
Thank You !
Michael Garrabrant, President & CEO [email protected]
www.stonemountaintechnologies.com
(423) 735-7400
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Building Investigated
© SMTI 2017
• Standard code construction home modeled • Ranch style home
• 2500 sqft
• R30 Attic
• 2 x 4 wall basement
• Sized to have a 60 kbtu/hr heating load at 0°F
• Load and ambient data for Albany, NY • Yearly space heating load of 104.0 Mbtu in Albany, NY, 68.5 Mbtus in NYC, NY
and 120.9 Mbtus in Burlington, VT
26 Confidential
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Detailed Configurations Investigated
© SMTI 2017
Case (Configuration) Heating/cooling systems Indoor heating/cooling equipment DHW 0.1 Standard Boiler, 14 SEER AC Radiator Coupled, mini-split No 0.2 Condensing furnace, 14 SEER AC Air Handler Coupled No 0.3 Standard Boiler, 14 SEER AC Radiator Coupled, mini-split Yes 0.4 Condensing furnace, 14 SEER AC Air Handler Coupled Yes
1 (1a) Reversible LF-AHP Air Handler Coupled No 2 (1b) Reversible LF-AHP Radiator coupled, zoned coils No 3 (1b) Reversible LF-AHP Radiator coupled, zoned coils Yes 4 (1b) Reversible LF-AHP Air Handler Coupled Yes 5 (2a) Heating Only LF-AHP, 14 SEER AC Air Handler Coupled No
6 (2b, 2c, 3) Heating Only LF-AHP, 14 SEER AC Air Handler Coupled Yes 7 (2b, 2c, 3) Heating Only LF-AHP, 14 SEER AC Radiator coupled, mini-split or zoned
coils No
8 (2b, 2c, 3) Heating Only LF-AHP, 14 SEER AC Radiator coupled, mini-split or zoned coils
Yes
27 Confidential
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Detailed Configurations Investigated
© SMTI 2017
Configuration Heating/Cooling System Number of pipes
Heating Plumbing
Cooling Plumbing
1a Reversible LF-AHP 2 Hydronic Hydronic
1b Reversible LF-AHP 4 Hydronic Hydronic
2a Hybrid LF-AHP-EAC 2 Hydronic Hydronic
2b Hybrid LF-AHP-EAC 4 Hydronic Hydronic
2c Hybrid LF-AHP 4 Hydronic Refrigerant
3 Heating Only LF-AHP & EAC 4 Hydronic Refrigerant
2a 2b 2c
Configurations considered to the hybrid system (2):
28 Confidential
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Results – 15 Year Total Cost - Boiler
© SMTI 2017
• Hybrid LF-AHP/EAC offers lowest total cost for all scenarios
• Heating only LF-AHP cost slightly higher than Hybrid system
• Reversible LF-AHP offers lowest savings of all LF-AHP configurations compared
to standard boiler system
29 Confidential
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Results – 15 Year Total Cost - Furnace
© SMTI 2017
• Hybrid LF-AHP/EAC offers lowest total cost for all scenarios
• Heating only LF-AHP cost competitive with Hybrid system
• Reversible LF-AHP more expensive than condensing furnace in most cases
30 Confidential
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Results – Simple Payback Period (yrs)
© SMTI 2017
Location 1.0 vs 0.2 2.0 vs. 0.1 3.0 vs. 0.3 4.0 vs. 0.4
Portland, ME Never 2.8 1.5 13.1
Hartford, CT Never 6.3 1.9 Never
NYC, NY Never Never 3.4 Never
Albany, NY Never 2.6 1.3 13.1
Concord, NH Never 2.1 1.2 10.0
Burlington, VT Never 1.6 1.0 7.8
Worcester, MA Never 2.2 1.2 10.0
Location 5.0 (2A) vs. 0.2 6.0 (2B, 2C) vs. 0.4 7.0 (2B, 2C) vs. 0.1 8.0 (2B, 2C) vs. 0.3
Portland, ME 4.7 3.3 0.8 0.6
Hartford, CT 4.3 3.0 0.7 0.6
NYC, NY 5.0 3.2 0.9 0.6
Albany, NY 3.8 2.7 0.6 0.5
Concord, NH 4.2 3.0 0.7 0.6
Burlington, VT 3.9 2.8 0.6 0.5
Worcester, MA 4.1 2.9 0.7 0.6
Location 5.0 (3) vs 0.2 6.0 (3) vs. 0.4 7.0 (3) vs. 0.1 8.0 (3) vs. 0.3
Portland, ME 4.8 3.4 3.6 2.9
Hartford, CT 4.4 3.0 3.4 2.6
NYC, NY 5.1 3.3 3.9 2.9
Albany, NY 3.8 2.7 2.9 2.4
Concord, NH 4.3 3.1 3.3 2.6
Burlington, VT 3.9 2.9 3.0 2.4
Worcester, MA 4.1 2.9 3.2 2.5
Payback Periods
Reversible LF-AHP
Hybrid LF-AHP/EAC
Separate LF-AHP &
EAC
31 Confidential
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SMTI AHP Target Performance Nominal 20F Rise
Confidential 32 Confidential
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85% Rated Heating Capacity at 0o F
Carrier 25HBB3C (13 SEER, 8 HSPF, nominal 3RT)
33 Confidential