STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used...
-
Upload
job-stokes -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used...
![Page 1: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
STONE
INCITYTHE
![Page 2: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Dr Tim Yates
BRE Ltd
![Page 3: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stoneTim Yates, BRE
12th March 2008,
Stone in the City,
The Natural Stone Show 2008
![Page 4: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Where do we begin ?
• Choosing by appearance – colour, texture, etc
• Meeting a required performance – strength, durability
• Performance or prescription?
• Trial and error?
• Past performance
• Testing and assessment
![Page 5: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
How many types of stone are available?
• Locally – for example Bath Stone
–About 6
• Nationally – for example UK
–Around 250
• World Wide –
–Over 8000
![Page 6: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Where do we begin ?
Stone properties
Project needs
Stone properties
Project needs
Project needs
Stone properties
Failure!
At the limit!
Success!
Variable
FixedVariable
Fixed
![Page 7: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How do we match a stone to a project?
• Failure mode effect analysis
– What can go wrong?
– What can we test for this?
– How can we manage the risk?
• Is it safe?
• Will it last?
• Is it strong enough?
![Page 8: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Specifying by experience
Local Stone
Trial and error Observation
Experience Measurement
Traditional Use Testing
Classification
Portland Stone in London
- observation of balusters on buildings in Whitehall
- failure of stone at the Palace of Westminster
![Page 9: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Performance versus Product specification
Example 1:
• Resistant to 10 m/s wind loading
• 70mm thick cladding
• London limestone
![Page 10: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Performance versus Product specification
Example 2:
• “Durable” for 50 years
• Weathering rate 2mm per 100 years
• Class B
• London limestone (based on tradition)
![Page 11: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Product specification
• BS 8298: 1994 Design and installation of natural stone cladding and lining– Use stone like this and it will be alright
• BS 680: 1971 Specification for roofing slates– Use slates that pass
(Now replaced by BS EN123630
• BS5385 Part 5 :1994 Wall and Floor Tiling: Design and installation of terrazzo tile and slab, natural stone and composition block flooring– Doesn’t matter what you use as long as you do it right
![Page 12: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Different types of test (1) • Index tests
– Petrographic description– Porosity, Density and Water Absorption– Saturation Co-efficient
• Strength tests– Compressive– Flexural– Modulus of Rupture– Strength around a fixing– Point load
![Page 13: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Different types of test (2) • Durability tests
– Freeze-thaw resistance– Salt resistance– Thermal Shock
• Safety– Slip and skid resistance
• Component tests– Wind loading– Fire– Impact
![Page 14: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Deterioration of natural stone
• Erosion and spalling• Large, solid stones• Loss of strength• Thermal and moisture
cycles• Biological growths• Westminster Abbey,
London
![Page 15: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Deterioration of cladding
• Bowing and distortion of marble cladding
• Large, thin panels• Loss of strength• Thermal and moisture
cycles• University Library,
Göttingen, Germany
![Page 16: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Deterioration of cladding
• Bowing and distortion of marble cladding
• Large, thin panels• Loss of strength• Thermal and moisture
cycles• Finlandia Hall Helsinki• Amoco Tower
Chicago
![Page 17: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Different uses of stone in construction
External Cladding
![Page 18: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
External Cladding
![Page 19: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
External Cladding
![Page 20: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Different uses of stone in construction -
Flooring and Paving
![Page 21: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Different uses of stone in construction -
Roofing
![Page 22: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Roofing
![Page 23: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Roofing
![Page 24: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Roofing
![Page 25: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Roofing
![Page 26: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Roofing - does something always go wrong?
![Page 27: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Vimy Ridge
![Page 28: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Vimy Ridge
![Page 29: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Will the stone do what I want it to do?
![Page 30: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Stone in different environments
![Page 31: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Is the stone what I wanted?
![Page 32: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
A few pointers
• Select the stone with care– Establish what performance requirements of the
project– Recent test results – Assurance that the material is consistent – Extra tests if needed
• Workmanship– A good contractor– Sorting– Laying
• Any questions?
![Page 33: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Some conclusions
Performance
Life time
Realism
![Page 34: STONE IN CITY THE. Dr Tim Yates BRE Ltd There’s no such thing as bad stone – only badly used stone Tim Yates, BRE 12 th March 2008, Stone in the City,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d925503460f94a7808f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Thank you for your attention