Stone as a building material
14
Stone As a building material 1 Hrishiraj Sarma, APIED/2013 Earth Crust Rock Ston e
description
Understanding of Building materials, its behaviour and uses are extremely important for the students of Architecture and Interior Designing. Hence, I tried to introduce the 1st year students with the 1st building material they are going to learn in college, stone as a building material. The presentation covers almost all the factors related to this material class with a focus on the capability of 1st year students.
Transcript of Stone as a building material
1
StoneAs a building material
Hrishiraj Sarma, APIED/2013
Earth Crust
Rock Stone
2
Classification of Rock1. Geological Classification
a) Igneous rocksb) Sedimentary
rocksc) Metamorphic
rocks
2. Physical Classificationa) Stratified rocksb) Non-stratified
rocksc) Foliated rocks
3. Chemical Classification
a) Siliceous rocksb) Argillaceous rocksc) Calcareous rocks
Hrishiraj Sarma, APIED/2013
Hrishiraj Sarma, APIED/2013 3
What is Stone?The hard, solid, nonmetallic mineral matter of which rock is made, a building material.Sources of stone:
Monomineralic rockPolymineralic rock
Rock forming minerals: ( Found in igneous rocks)
1. Augite.2. Chlorite.3. Felspar.4. Hornblende.5. Mica6. Olivine.7. Plagioclase.8. Quartz.
9. Serpentine.10. Calcite.
Hrishiraj Sarma, APIED/2013 4
Rock forming minerals: (Found in sedimentary rocks)1. Calcite.2. Magnesite.3. Dolomite.4. Glauconite.5. Limonite.6. Gypsum.7. Anhydrate.
Texture or structure of a rockThe arrangement of minerals forming a rock is known as its texture or structure.
1. Compact crystalline.2. Conglomerate.3. Foliated.4. Glassy.5. Granular crystalline.
6. Pisolitic.7. Porous granular.8. Porphyritic.9. Vesicular.
Hrishiraj Sarma, APIED/2013 5
Fracture of a rockThe type of surface obtained, when a rock is broken, indicates its fracture.
1. Conchoidal.2. Earthy.3. Even.4. Fibrous.5. Hackly.6. Uneven.
Uses of stones:1. Structure.2. Face work.3. Paving.4. Basic mineral.5. Miscellaneousballast for railways, blocks in construction of
bridges, piers, retaining walls, light house, damns, etc,
Hrishiraj Sarma, APIED/2013 6
Why stone is losing popularity?1. Dressing of stones is tedious, laborious and time
consuming.2. Desired strength and quality not available at
moderate rates especially in plain areas.3. RCC, Steel are alternatives to stones and gives
more strength and flexibility.4. Stone structure design can’t give freeness and
flexibility to the designer.
Hrishiraj Sarma, APIED/2013 7
Natural Bed of stoneDefinition and Importance
Hrishiraj Sarma, APIED/2013 8
Tests for stones1. Acid test.2. Attrition test.3. Crushing test.4. Crystallization test.5. Freezing and thawing test.6. Hardness test.7. Impact test.8. Microscopic test.9. Smith’s test.10.Water absorption test.
Hrishiraj Sarma, APIED/2013 9
Qualities of a good building stone:1. Crushing strength.2. Appearance.3. Durability.4. Facility of dressing.5. Fracture.6. Hardness.7. Percentage wear.8. Resistance to fire.9. Seasoning.10. Specific gravity.
11. Texture.12. Toughness index (between 13 and 1913. Water absorption must
beLess than 0.6014. Weathering.
Hrishiraj Sarma, APIED/2013 10
Stone quarrying1. Quarrying with hand tools.2. Quarrying with channeling
machine.3. Quarrying by blasting.
Hrishiraj Sarma, APIED/2013 11
Dressing of stones:Purpose: Classification Finishes used1. To get desired appearance.2. To make the transport from quarry easy and economical.3. To suit the requirements of stone masonry.4. To take the advantage of local people who are trained to such type of work.
1. Quarry dressing2. Site dressing.
1. Axed finish.2. Boasted or
drove finish.3. Chisel finish.4. Dragged or
combed finish.5. Furrowed
finish.6. Moulded finish.7. Hammer
dressed finish.8. Plain finish.9. Polished
finished.10. Punched
machine.11. Reticulated
finish.12. Rubbed finish.13. Scabbling
finish.14. Tooled finish.15. Self-faced or
rock-faced or quarry-faced finish.
16. Sunk finish.17. Vermiculated
finish.18. Circular finish.
Hrishiraj Sarma, APIED/2013 12
Deterioration of stones:1. Alternate wetness and
drying.2. Frost.3. Impurities in
atmosphere.4. Living organisms.5. Movement of chemicals.6. Nature of mortar.7. Rain water.8. Temperature variations.9. Vegetable growth.10. Wind.
Hrishiraj Sarma, APIED/2013 13
Retardation of decay of stones:
1. Compact siliceous stones.2. External renderings.3. Joints.4. Natural beds.5. Qualities of stones.6. Seasoned stones.7. Size of stones.8. Washing with water.
Following precautions to be taken to retard the decaying action of weathering agencies on stones:
14
Preservation of stones:1. Coal tar.2. Linseed oil.3. Paint.4. Paraffin.5. Solution of alum and soap.6. Solution of baryta.
Hrishiraj Sarma, APIED/2013
Artificial stones:1. Cement
concrete.2. Mosaic tiles.3. Terrazzo.
What is an artificial stone?
Why?
Advantages of artificial stones
Assignment: Make a list on common building stones in India describing stone name, classification, qualities, uses and localities where they are available ( in A-1 sheet )
![Building stones - Aalto · Building stones Dimension stone Natural stone or rock ... EN 12440, Natural stone - Denomination criteria. [8] EN 13161, Natural stone test methods ...](https://static.fdocuments.net/doc/165x107/5b392f117f8b9a310e8e2aba/building-stones-aalto-building-stones-dimension-stone-natural-stone-or-rock.jpg)
