Steve Neimeister 8 October 2003 AE 481W AstroPower ... · 8 October 2003 AE 481W AstroPower...

Steve Neimeister 8 October 2003 AE 481W AstroPower Headquarters Newark, Delaware Lighting/Electrical Option Consultant: M. Moeck

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Lighting Existing Conditions and Design Criteria Report

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Lighting Existing Conditions and Design Criteria Report will examine the existing

lighting conditions in the AstroPower Headquarters (in general and specifically in the five spaces

that will be redesigned) and compare it with respect to the IESNA lighting design standards and

the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999 power consumption and lighting standards. This report will

also examine other factors affecting the lighting design of the building including such

architectural elements as wall surfaces, reflectances, the impact of daylight, and different

furnishings that are located within each of the spaces.

This report concluded that in four of my five areas the lighting design aided in the

attractiveness of the room. The Lobby is exquisite, especially at night, with lights leading up to

the dramatic atrium-style skylight. The Conference Room’s custom designed luminaires add

uniqueness in a room that is normally rather bland. The Lunch Room stands out with its iron

dropped ceiling, introducing an art element into the building. The Open Office layout stands for

unity and structure, having simple fixtures completely uniform over a large area. The only space

that was inadequate was the Front Entranceway. It seems as though fixtures were used at a bare

minimum, when the entranceway should be lit more than anything, drawing visitors into a place

with them having no question as to that is where they should be going.

This report will include information on different lighting luminaries, lamps, ballasts, and

part of the architectural plan showing the five spaces chosen for redesign.



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The AstroPower Headquarters building was constructed a few years ago to act as both a

Headquarters and to be a display of what the product they manufacture can accomplish when

put to work. The architecture of the building was based around the sun, seeing as AstroPower is a

top manufacturer of Solar Power Cells. It involves the glass curtain wall around the exterior,

letting light in during working hours, along with many vaulted atrium-like spaces with skylights

at the top. This report will describe the existing lighting conditions in the building, specifically in

the five spaces that will be used for redesigning. It will examine whether or not the existing

lighting conditions satisfy the appropriate design criteria (IESNA) for the space, and comply with

energy standards (ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999). This report will also discuss factors of

the building that affect the design of each lighting system, such as materials used, material

reflectance levels, light loss factors, and others.

Part Ia – Existing Lighting Conditions

General Building Conditions:

The AstroPower Headquarters uses several different lighting types throughout the two-

story office complex. In most of the building, a common 2’ x

4’ fluorescent troffer is placed in between 2’ x 2’ suspended

acoustical ceiling tiles. Other fluorescent downlights are

featured in hallways and vaulted areas, but due to the

openness of the floor plan and atrium style skylights, a

complex and visually stimulating lighting system was

avoided so the light source would be focused on the sun.

An example of the fluorescent downlights and the common

troffers can be seen in the picture above.



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Large Work Space – Open Office 280

This open office space consists of a total of twenty-four hexagon-shaped cubicles. The

cubicles function as small offices for the individuals that

are seated there. Most of the cubicles feature a desk, chair,

computer, and filing cabinets. The space itself has a glass

curtain wall facing the east, and a series of balconies to the

left that look down to the first floor, and up to a glass

skylight. There is an abundance of natural light in this

space, despite the fact of the use of partitions (A plan view

of this space is featured in the appendix of this report). The

lighting concept that is used over top of the cubicles is a series of 66 2’ x 4’ 3-tube recessed

fluorescent light fixtures with 18 cell parabolic lenses, manufactured by Columbia. The fixture

utilizes 32-watt T8 fluorescent bulbs with a Standard High Frequency electronic ballast. There is

also one 2’ x 2’ recessed fluorescent light fixture with nine cell parabolic lenses, also by Columbia.

This fixture is used simply because of a curved outer wall prohibits the use of consistent 2’ x 4’

fixtures. It uses a U-Shaped T8 fluorescent bulb with a Standard High Frequency electronic

ballast. The walkway next to the area that is open from below features a series of Recessed

Fluorescent downlights, with white trim and baffle manufactured by Columbia, using a 26-watt

triple tube compact fluorescent lamp with a Standard High Frequency ballast.



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Special Purpose Space # 1 – Lunch Room 133

The Lunch Room is basically a cafeteria style room with small tables and chairs arranged

throughout. The tables are to be used for people eating

their lunches, having coffee breaks, or maybe even

working on a few unresolved work issues. The space

features a glass curtain wall on its south side along with

being adjacent to the atrium-style Lobby, being separated

only by glass panels (which can be seen in the picture to

the left) that let light pour in from the skylights above.

There is a metal grid that is dropped a couple feet below

ceiling height by ceiling suspended pendant fixtures to

give the room an added architectural element ( A plan view of this spaced is featured in the

appendix of this report). The space consists of a combination of troffers and recessed downlights.

There is twenty-three 2’ x 2’ recessed fluorescent light fixture with nine cell parabolic lenses.

There is also ten recessed fluorescent downlights with white trim. They use a 26-watt triple tube

compact fluorescent lamp with a Standard High Frequency ballast.

Special Purpose Space # 2 – Conference Room 191

The Conference Room is mirrored across the Lobby from the Lunch Room on ground level.

The center table is used for people holding meetings and gatherings. The space features the

curved glass curtain wall on the east side, with two entranceways on the west side. The glass

curtain wall allows for natural sunlight to pour into the room. There is a recessed AV screen on the

north wall. The space consists of a combination of recessed downlights and special ordered ceiling

pendant light fixtures. There are a total of twenty-five recessed fluorescent downlights with

white trim and baffle. They use a 26-watt triple tube compact fluorescent lamp with a Standard



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High Frequency ballast. Two specially ordered ceiling pendant light fixtures hang over the table.

The ceiling is trayed in the center to create a nice architectural effect.

Circulation Space – Lobby

The Lobby is one of the most impressive spaces in the building. With its two story ceiling

height, open balconies, and overhead skylights. It is used primarily as a place to enter the

building, but can be used as a space to hold large functions,

gatherings, or presentations. The space features a large

glass curtain wall for the entranceway, and when

combined with the overhead skylights, the space is filled

with natural light. There are a total of twelve 32-watt T8

fluorescent strip lights with Standard High Frequency

electronic ballasts that are mounted in between glass

partitions that separate the lobby from adjoining spaces (A

plan can be viewed in the appendix of this report). There are a total of ten recessed fluorescent

downlights on the lower level, forty-one circling the upper balcony, and seventy-three around

the vaulted dome ceiling level next to the skylight. Manufactured by Prescolite with white trim

and baffle, they use a 26-watt triple tube compact fluorescent lamp with a Standard High

Frequency ballast. Around the skylight, are specially ordered wall mounted light fixtures. They

provide illumination for the vaulted ceiling, and indirect lighting for the two stories below. They

are made with two 32-watt T8 fluorescent bulbs, and use a Standard High Frequency ballast.



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Outdoor Space – Front Entranceway

The Front Entranceway is what people pay attention to most when visiting a building for

the first time. With this in mind, they made it visually pleasing as

well as practical. There are three recessed fluorescent downlights,

there is nothing else on the exterior. The parking lot runs almost right

up to the building, so there is no place for path lighting. The

downlights feature a metallic finish to blend with the building

exterior glass, and use the same 26-watt triple tube fluorescent bulb

that is used in the fixtures indoors. A plan for the entranceway is

featured in the appendix of this report.



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Part I.b – Existing Lighting Hardware Details

Ballasts

For the fixtures used in the AstroPower Headquarters, all fluorescent bulbs were used to

make the building Green. The Standard High Frequency ballast was used for both the recessed

downlights and the troffer fixtures. The input voltage is to be 120 to 277 volts, with an input

frequency of 60 Hz. Ballasts must be physically interchangeable with a magnetic core and coil

ballast. The ballast must have permanently connected leads integral to the ballast, color coded to

ANSI C82.11. It must be formed from recyclable steel painted in accordance with UL 935

standards. Plastic products with gaseous discharges are not allowed. The ballast factor is 0.75 –

0.78, and must be able to start and operate the specified lamps at a minimum temperature of -20

degrees Fahrenheit and be sound rated A. The THD shall be less than 20% for the main lamp

design, and the Lamp Current Crest Factor shall not exceed 1.7. The Power Factor must be greater

than 98%. The ballasts must also be CSA approved and UL listed (Class P).

Lamps

The fluorescent 32-watt T8 bulbs should have a color temperature of 3500 degrees

Kelvin with a color rerndering index of 85. The fluorescent 26-watt triple tube bulbs should have

a color temperature of 3500 degrees Kelvin, a color rendering index of 85, and emits 1100 lumens.

Luminaires

The 2’ x 4’ fluorescent troffer is the J24-3 model manufactured by Columbia Lighting.

All metal parts are processed with a five phase phosphate bonding treatment. Grid units are pre-

painted with high gloss baked white enamel, 86% reflective. The shielding is 100% acrylic

prismatic, extruded and roll-embossed, with diagonally oriented female prisms.



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The 2’ x 2’ fluorescent troffer is the J22-2 model manufactured by Columbia Lighting.

All metal parts are processed with a five phase phosphate bonding treatment. Grid units are pre-

painted with high gloss baked enamel, 86% reflective. The shielding is 100% acrylic prismatic,

extruded and roll-embossed, with diagonally oriented female prisms.

The recessed fluorescent downlight is the CFCB_TH Compact Fluorescent Downlight

manufactured by Prescolite Architektur. It has the white American Matte trim and a 360 degree

rotatable Virtual Source cross baffle with upper reflector. It is housed in a one-piece painted 18-

gauge cold rolled steel platform, with a pre-wired J-box with snap on cover for easy access.

The fixtures in the conference room were privately designed. They have a reflectance

level of 85%, and are made of steel.

Daylight

Daylight, as mentioned before, is prevalent in the building design. Every space that has a

wall along the front glass curtain wall sees daylight from sun rise to sun set. The openness of the

Lobby and Open Office work areas allows light from the multiple skylights to reach most rooms

in the building.

Glass

The appearance of the glass on the curtain wall appears green in color and has a

sandblasted texture to it. Transmittance information for this material is important for factoring in

the Luminance and Illuminance in the specific rooms; however an assumption must be made due

to the fact that they were custom made and the information has not yet been received. The

projected amount of transmittance through a sandblasted glass material will be 70% to 85%.

The clear glass used in the skylights will be said to have a transmittance level of 90%.



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Reflectances

Reflectance values in the five spaces that will be redesigned should be carefully

considered. The reflectance values of the surface material used in the room will affect how much

light will be reflected back and in the end will affect the lighting design in general. In the Open

Office area, the partitions have a reflectance value of 50%, the desk surface is matte and has a

reflectance of 45%, the Video Display Terminals reflect down onto the surface. The walls are

painted off white and have a reflectance value of 65%. The floors have a reflectance value of

25%. The structural columns have all been painted a color, therefore eliminating any notable

reflectance that might come off them. The ceiling is also painted off-white, and has a reflectance

level of 85%. The glass curtain wall has a reflectance value of 70% to 85%, but for now we will

say 80%. The Lobby has the same ceiling, walls, and glass values as mentioned above. The Lunch

Room has the same ceiling, walls, and glass values as mentioned above. The tables and chairs have

a semi-gloss finish with a reflectance level of 26%, complying with the 3:1 guideline for the ratio

between the luminance of the task and its immediate surroundings. The Conference Room has a

dark table, with a reflectance level of 25%. The ceiling, walls, and glass all have the same

reflectance values as mentioned above.



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Part II.a – Design Criteria

According to the IESNA Lighting Design Guide in the IESNA Handbook (Ninth Edition),

the illuminance values and criteria have been recommended for different spaces with different

functions. The values recommended are not required, simply a suggested guide to correctly light

various types of spaces.


The design criteria for an Open Office space with Intermittent VDT use says that it is

important to consider the appearance of space and luminaires. The space is used for people

working on desks, being able to see papers, computer screens without glare, and interacting with

other people and being able to see their faces clearly. It also says that it is important to consider

color appearance and contrast, flicker and strobe, light distribution on surfaces, uniform light

distribution on task plane, modeling of faces or objects, shadows, source/task/eye geometry, and

surface characteristics. Direct glare is said to be very important in considering the lighting

scheme. Daylighting integration and control is said to be only somewhat important. Both

illuminance values (horizontal and vertical) are important, with the horizontal illuminance having

a recommended value of 50 footcandles, where as the vertical illuminance recommends only 5

footcandles.


The design criteria for the Lunch Room fall under the Food Courts section of the IESNA

Guide. People in this space should be able to see what they are eating, interact with others and

see them clearly without shadows or glare. Items that are said to be very important include

appearance of space and luminaires, color appearance and contrast, and daylight integration and

control. Areas of design that are said to be important are direct glare, flicker and strobe, light



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distribution on surfaces, and shadows. Finally, areas that are said to be somewhat important

include uniform light distribution on task plane, luminances of room surfaces, modeling of faces or

objects, points of interest, reflected glare, source/task/eye geometry, sparkle/desirable reflected

highlights, surface characteristics, and system control and flexibility. The horizontal illuminance

is said to be important, having a recommended value of 30 footcandles. The vertical illuminance

is said to be somewhat important, having a recommended value of 3 footcandles.


The design criteria for the Conference Room fall under the Conference Room Meeting

section of the IESNA Guide. The people who are in this room need to be able to accurately read

documents in front of them on the work plane, easily view others sitting across the table without

shadows, and sit in a comfortably lit environment for long periods of time. Areas that are

important to focus on include appearance of space and luminaires, direct glare, and modeling of

faces or objects. Items that are recommended to be of important consideration include color

appearance and contrast, light distribution on surface, uniform light distribution on task plane,

luminance of room surfaces, and reflected glare. Items said to be of somewhat importance include

daylighting integration and control, flicker and strobe, shadows, and source/task/eye geometry.

Both the horizontal and vertical illuminances are said to be important. The horizontal illuminance

recommends a value of 30 footcandles, whereas the vertical illuminance recommends a value of 5

footcandles.


The design criteria for the Circulation Space fall under the Offices Lounges, Lobbies, and

Reception Areas section of the IESNA Guide. The people who are in this space need to see where

they are going. Seeing others clearly is not necessarily a necessity, and people here will not often



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be looking at papers or documents. The only recommendation for very important lighting design

is the appearance of space and luminaires. Areas of importance for lighting design include color

appearance and contrast, direct glare, light distribution on surfaces, luminances of room surfaces,

modeling of faces or objects, and surface characteristics. Somewhat important areas include

daylighting integration and control, flicker and strobe, reflected glare, and shadows. The

horizontal illuminance is said to be somewhat important, and a value of 10 footcandles is

recommended. The vertical illuminances is said to be important, and a value of 3 footcandles.


The design criteria for the Front Entranceway fall under the Outdoor Section, Building

Exteriors, Entrances, Active (pedestrian/conveyance) section of the IESNA Guide. Seeing as how

the people that use this entrance will normally be using it during daylight hours, lighting design

was probably not high on the list of priorities. However, when darkness falls you need to be able

to see where you are going clearly and see other people. You also want to have a comfortable

lighting scenario to view. The Guide says that items in lighting design that are very important

include appearance of space and luminaires, color appearance and contrast, direct glare, light

pollution/trespass, modeling of faces or objects, peripheral detection, points of interest, reflected

glare, shadows, source/task/eye geometry, and surface characteristics. Areas that are important

are light distribution on surfaces and sparkle/desirable reflected highlights. Both of the

illuminances, horizontal and vertical, are recommended to be very important areas to focus on.

The horizontal illuminance is 5 footcandles, the vertical illuminances is 3 footcandles.



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Part II.b – Power Allowances

According to the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999, different spaces with their

purposes and tasks are given power allowances. From Table 9.3.1.2 Lighting Power Densities

Using the Space-by-Space Method the values were determined for the four indoor spaces to be

redesigned. For the Outdoor Space, Table 9.3.2 Lighting Power Limits for Building Exteriors was

used.


The table concludes that in an Office – Open Plan no more than 1.3 watts per foot squared

should be utilized in the design of the lighting system. Sufficient lighting is important for this area

in order for people to complete their work and view others.


The table concludes that in an Office Dining Area no more than 1.4 watts per foot squared

should be utilized in the design of the lighting system. Lighting is needed on table surfaces to

adequately see what is being served and the people who might be sitting around you.


The table concludes that in an Office Conference Meeting/Multipurpose room no more

than 1.5 watts per foot squared should be utilized in the design of the lighting system. It is

important to be able to see documents on the table, as well as other individuals in the room. This is

why the power density is a little higher than in the other places.



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The table concludes that in an Office Lobby no more than 1.8 watts per foot squared

should be utilized in the design of the lighting system. This is due to the fact that the entranceway

is what people first see, so a little bit more design is put into make it look as best as it can. This is

why the power density is higher in this area.


The table concludes that in a Building Entrance without canopy the power density

should be 33 watts per linear foot of door width. This is to provide adequate lighting so that

people can see where they are going and others around them.



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Part III – Evaluation of Existing Lighting Conditions

Evaluation of AstroPower Headquarters

The usage of all fluorescent lamps in energy saving ballasts created a very effective

energy saving environment. In combination with the solar power additives from the roof and glass

cells, a truly green building was created. The fluorescent color lights blend nicely with the

daylight entering through the many windows and skylights. The luminaires also provide a

streamlined looking interior, matching the exterior design concept. They also do not take away

from the many architectural details on the interior that make it such an interesting building to

look at.

Evaluation of Large Work Space – Open Office 280

The lighting design in the open area provides ample light for the cubicles while providing

an aesthetically pleasing environment. The symmetrical design indicates order and structure; A

company that works together as a team. Should a client ever take a tour of the office facility they

would be pleased to see how the individuals that are working for them can come together and get

things done. The design is practical and well thought out.

Evaluation of Special Purpose Space # 1 – Lunch Room 133

The lighting design of the Lunch Room is well thought out and creative, without using

many expensive luminaires. The dramatic iron dropped ceiling adds an interesting architectural

element to the room, and contrasts with the curved glass curtain wall that looks outside. It makes

the space comfortable to relax and enjoy a break from a busy work day. There is more than

enough light to do work, eat, or talk with coworkers. It is an interesting and practical design that



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allows the space to stand out in a building with many impressive areas.

Evaluation of Special Purpose Space # 2 – Conference Room 191

The lighting in the Conference Room is both professional and orderly. The custom made

luminaires that hang over the table add an interesting design element to a type of room that is

normally uninteresting. There are many different lighting schemes that allow for different

settings, whether it is a board meeting, slide show presentation, or other type of function. The

lighting design is simple and effective.

Evaluation of Circulation Space – Lobby

With light leading all the way up to the atrium style skylight, it feels as if you are still

outside even though you are not. The usage of recessed compact fluorescent downlights creates a

symmetrical and orderly look, while highlighting interesting architectural designs. In the

evening the view from outside is quite impressive, the way the light draws you inside. The lighting

design defines the Lobby as the most visually stunning room in the building.

Evaluation of Outdoor Space – Front Entranceway

One of the only areas in (or out of) the building that needs a little extra design is the front

entranceway. The only reason it is really noticed at night is because of the Lobby behind it. It

should have a design just as good, if not better, than what lies inside. It should draw you directly to

it, and the three recessed downlights do not really achieve this.



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Appendix

Bibliography

1. Rae, Mark S. The IESNA Lighting Handbook – Reference and Application, Ninth Edition.

Illuminating Society of North America, IESNA Publications Department, New York,

2000.

2. ASHRAE Standard, ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999, Illuminating Society of

North America, IESNA Publications Department, New York, 1999.

Additional Notes:

Due to the fact that I will not be taking Architectural Engineering 466 until the Spring of

2004, this report does not contain and renderings or calculations that would have been

developed using the Autodesk Lightscape or AGI32 Lighting design software programs.



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Floor Plans (Reflected Ceiling Plans)

1. Large Work Space – Open Office 280



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2. Special Purpose Space # 1 – Lunch Room 133



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3. Special Purpose Space # 2 – Conference Room 191



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4. Circulation Space – Lobby (First Floor)



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5. Circulation Space – Lobby (Second Floor)



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6. Outdoor Space – Front Entranceway

Steve Neimeister 13 November 2003 AE 481W AstroPower Headquarters Newark, Delaware Lighting/Electrical Option Consultant: M. Moeck

Lighting Existing Conditions and Design Criteria Report Addendum # 1

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ADDENDUM SUMMARY

The Lighting Existing Conditions and Design Criteria Report Addendum Number One is

an addition to the Lighting Existing Conditions and Design Criteria Report. The Addendum is

sectioned off the same as the Report, however features only areas where additions or corrections

have been made. Major additions include the implementation of Autodesk Lightscape

renderings of the five spaces that have been analyzed in the Lighting Existing Conditions and

Design Criteria Report, power density levels, and Luminance values for the five spaces.

The addendum provides a clearer, more accurate perception of what the existing lighting

design looks like. It also provides a basis for what areas the redesign will mainly be focusing on.

Seeing as how daylight is a prevalent design aspect in the building, a daylight analysis will be

provided at a later date after more information can be gathered, and it is important to note that it

has not been overlooked.



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Part Ia – Existing Lighting Conditions


The ceiling height of the Open Office measures eight feet tall. The total space measures

51’6” wide by 51’6” deep. To represent a current lighting system, only a small section measuring

24 feet wide by 55 feet 5 inches deep was used. It was concluded that the 2x4 troffers that are

placed above the hexagonal shaped work stations cause shadowing and non-uniform light

distribution. The illuminance values on the work station surfaces amounted to be an average of

32 footcandles, and an average of 25 footcandles on the floor. Although this value is low, it is

believed that with the inclusion of daylight from the adjoining glass curtain wall and skylights

that during the day the light is adequate. Below are several renderings of the space:

1). View of entire section



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2). View of work station

3). View of work station surface



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4). Overall view from standing view point

It is important to note that the 2x4 troffers that were used were made from scratch from

blocks in the Autodesk AutoCad 2004 program, and therefore do appear as though they emit

light, even though they do.


The ceiling height of the Lunch Room measures nine feet tall. The space measures 40’6”

wide by 51’5” deep. It was concluded that the 2x2 troffers space evenly over the tables provide

ample light on the surface, however create aesthetic problems on the walls around the area. The

illuminance values on the table surfaces amounted to be an average of 60 footcandles, and an

average of 50 footcandles on the floor. Below are several renderings of the space:



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1). View of table surface

2). View of north curved wall



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3). View of east wall

4). View of south glass curtain wall



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5). View of west wall

6). Overview of Lunch Room from exterior



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It is important to note that the 2x2 troffers that were used were made from scratch from blocks in

the Autodesk AutoCad 2004 program, and therefore do appear as though they emit light, even

though they do.


The ceiling height of the Conference Room measures nine feet tall with an eight foot tray

around the perimeter of the room and over the table. The space measures 34 feet wide by 19 feet 1

inch deep. It was concluded that although the fluorescent downlights provide enough light for

the table surface, the aesthetic display on the walls is displeasing. The illuminance values on the

table amounted to be an average of 65 footcandles, and an average of 50 footcandles on the floor.

Below are several renderings of the space:

1). View of North West wall



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2). View from South west corner

3). View looking south towards the glass curtain wall



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4). View of reflection of light against glass curtain wall

5). Overview of Conference Room



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The ceiling height of the Lobby measures nine feet tall for the first floor, a three foot space

in between the first and second floors, an eight foot second floor, and a three foot high skylight.

The lobby measures an estimated 70 feet wide by 60 feet deep. It was concluded that although

the fluorescent downlights provide enough light for the space, the aesthetics of the space could be

greatly improved in the redesign. The illuminance values on the first floor amounted to be an

average of 60 footcandles, and an average of 58 footcandles on the second floor. Below are

several renderings of the space:

1). View from front entranceway



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2). View to immediate left of entranceway

3). Rotating clockwise from rendering # 2



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4). Rotating clockwise from # 3

5). Rotating clockwise from # 4



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6). View of entranceway

7). View from second floor balcony



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8). View from balcony rotating clockwise from # 7

9). View from balcony rotating clockwise from # 8



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10). Overview from balcony

11). Overview from first floor



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12). View from outside


The following is a rendering of the Front Entranceway in the evening:



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Part 1.b – Existing Lighting Hardware Details

Lamps

To be clarified that the fluorescent 32-watt T8 bulbs with a color temperature of 3500

degrees Kelvin and a color rendering index of 85 are straight for the 2x4” troffers, and U-shaped

for the 2x2” troffers.

Daylight

Daylighting is an extremely important factor in the AstroPower Headquarters, and a

Daylighting Analysis complete with model is currently being constructed. Information regarding

daylighting will be provided in Reports to come. Mesh pulldown shades are currently being used

along the glass curtain walls, which for the most part face south.

Glass

To be clarified that the projected amount of transmittance through a sandblasted glass

material will be 60 to 75%. The clear glass used in the skylights will be said to have a

transmittance level of 70%.

Reflectances

To be clarified that the glass curtain wall has a reflectance value of 25%.



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Part II.b – Power Allowances


The power density of the Open Office was computed to be 1.32 W/ft² compared to the

recommended 1.3 W/ft². There was a total of 18 troffers, each using three 32 watt fluorescent

bulbs having a power factor of 0.98. The total square footage for the area that was analyzed was

1335 ft². This approximation is to be used for all open office areas, seeing as how the troffer layout

is standard in all of these areas.


The power density of the Lunch Room was computed to be 1.099 W/ft² compared to the

recommended 1.4 W/ft². There was a total of 12 fluorescent downlights, each using 26 watts and

having a power factor of 0.98. There was also a total of 23 troffers, each using three 32 watt

fluorescent bulbs having a power factor of 0.98. The total square footage for the Lunch Room was

2338 ft².


The power density of the Conference Room (although incomplete) was computed to be

0.837 W/ft². There was a total of 25 fluorescent downlights, each using 26 watt bulbs having a

power factor of 0.98. The two chandeliers that hang above the table were custom, and information

regarding wattage, bulbs, reflectances and illuminances levels is still pending response from the

designer. This leaves an additional 0.6625 W/ft² for the two chandeliers for the space to still be

below design criteria.



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The power density of the open office was computed to be 0.98 W/ft² compared to the

recommended 1.8 W/ft². There was a total of 28 fluorescent downlights on the first level, and 115

on the second, each using 26 watts and having a power factor of 0.98. The first floor square

footage was 2237 ft², and 1481 ft² for the second, leaving a total of 3718 ft².


The power density of the Front Entranceway was computed to be 12.02 W/linear foot

compared to the recommended 33 W/linear foot. There was a total of 4 troffers, each using three

32 watt bulbs and having a power factor of 0.98. This value is not surprising, after the summation

above about how the front entranceway has not been adequately lit.

Steve Neimeister 8 October 2003 AE 481W AstroPower ... · 8 October 2003 AE 481W AstroPower...

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