Step Up To: PsychologySensation

Psychology, Eighth Edition By David G. Myers

Chapter 6: Perception

It’s a mirage!

Rules of Organization

Deprivation and Adaptation

I was expecting something else!

Imagine that!

1. When two or more lights blink on and off in quick succession, it gives the appearance of movement. This is called the:

• A) movement illusion.• B) phi phenomenon.• C) visual capture.• D) optical tracking illusion.

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2. Even though these two figures are identical in size, one looks larger due to the ___ illusion.

• A) visual capture• B) Müller-Lyer• C) Ponzo• D) parallax

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3. The Müller-Lyer illusion is caused by:

• A) cultural experience.• B) light and shadow.• C) shape constancy.• D) size constancy.

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4. The St. Louis arch appears taller than it is wide. This is due to:

• A) relative height.• B) size constancy.• C) shape constancy.• D) nothing, it really is taller.

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5. Because of motion parallax, when you are moving and fixate on something in the distance:

• A) more distant objects appear to be standing still.

• B) the fixation point starts to move faster.• C) it becomes more difficult to stay awake.• D) closer objects appear to be moving in the

opposite direction.

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6. We sometimes reverse images because of changes in the relationship of:

• A) light and shadow.• B) figure-ground.• C) size and dimension.• D) connectedness.

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7. We see this as two figures together rather than as many curved and straight lines because of the rule of:

• A) connectedness.• B) proximity.• C) continuity.• D) similarity.

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8. Relative Clarity helps us to determine ___ because:

• A) size; clear objects appear larger.• B) depth; clear objects appear farther.• C) luminescence; nearer objects are

brighter.• D) depth; distant objects appear hazy.

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9. If we assume that two objects are similar in size, the one that casts the smaller retinal image is assumed to be:

• A) closer.• B) smaller.• C) farther away.• D) larger.

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10. Pablo is a landscape artist who was known for the depth of his paintings. After an accident, he had vision only from one eye. Since then, his paintings:

• A) will have less depth.• B) will have just as much depth.• C) will have no depth.• D) may have depth but will lack in accuracy.

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11. If a person were to wear glasses that distorted vision upside down, that person:• A) would eventually adapt.• B) would never adapt.• C) would have his vision permanently

distorted.• D) would adapt but now must always

wear the glasses to see.

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12. Psychics who claim to be clairvoyant are able to:

• A) aid police departments in catching criminals.

• B) locate missing persons.• C) sense when something bad will

happen.• D) make many guesses, some of which

may be true.

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13. Dave was listening to sad music when he heard the word, “morning,” which he mistook for, “mourning.” He was influenced by:

• A) clinical depression.• B) context effect.• C) depressogenic schemas.• D) a low level of serotonin.

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14. Children who are visually impaired at birth, but are allowed to see clearly years later have difficulty perceiving because:

• A) their brains were irreparably damaged.

• B) they missed a critical period in visual development.

• C) their eyes have to fully mend.• D) none of the above.

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15. When watching a movie, we see the actors as moving because:

• A) the film is moving.• B) the pictures move in front of us.• C) motion is constructed in our heads.• D) of strobe lights.

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16. “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts,” has been most associated with a:

• A) Clinical psychologist.• B) Gestalt psychologist.• C) Cognitive-Behavioral

psychologist.• D) Perceptual psychologist.

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17.Retinal disparity refers to the:

• A) tendency to see parallel lines as coming together in the distance.

• B) tendency to see stimuli that are near each other as parts of a unified object.

• C) somewhat different images our two eyes receive of the same object.

• D) extent to which our eyes turn toward each other when looking at an object.

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18. The perceptual tendency to fill in gaps in order to perceive disconnected parts as a whole object is called:

• A) closure.• B) constancy.• C) interposition.• D) convergence.

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19. All of the following are monocular cues of depth perception except:

• A) motion parallax.• B) linear perspective.• C) convergence.• D) relative height.• E) texture gradient.

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20. We perceive the moon on the horizon as being larger than when it is overhead because:

• A) it seems farther away on the horizon.

• B) it seems closer on the horizon.• C) it seems brighter high in the sky.• D) it seems brighter on the horizon.

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21. When we expect to see something because of prior learning experiences, such as seeing clouds as UFO’s, it is because of:

• A) bottom-up processing.• B) previous abductions.• C) hypnotic suggestion.• D) perceptual set.

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22. Human factors psychologists may use a technique called, “natural mapping,” which is:

• A) drawing a plan of attacking a problem.• B) moving your eyes in a repeated

pattern.• C) arranging controls to make them

easier to understand.• D) moving in precise directions.

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23. Even though a door may reflect quite a different retinal image when it is open than when it is closed, we still see it as the same, rectangular door because of:

• A) illusory contours.• B) shape constancy.• C) retinal disparity.• D) perceptual closure.

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24: The fact that the Amazing Randi has never paid off on his claim illustrates that:

• A) while ESP phenomena exist, replicating them in a laboratory is not possible.

• B) he fails to be convinced even though the evidence is obvious.

• C) he is a non-believer and a cheapskate.• D) ESP phenomena have never been

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25. As she gazed down from a bridge at the rapidly flowing river, Nancy felt as thought she were moving. Her experience best illustrates the phenomenon of:

• A) retinal disparity.• B) perceptual adaptation.• C) location constancy.• D) visual capture.

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Answers

1. B

2. C

3. A

4. A

5. D

6. B

7. C

8. D

9. C

10. B

11. A

12. D

13. B

14. B

15. C

16. B

17. C

18. A

19. C

20. A

21. D

22. C

23. B

24. D

25. D