STEP FORWARD - 4th Issue

THE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT PARTNERSHIP CENTRE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

STEP FORWARD June 2008

Issue : 4

Inside

STEP Newsletter

Tel/Fax : 2335963. E-mail: [email protected]

Winners of Olympiads receive medals By: Zulbahri bin Achee

Saturday, 17th May 2008

A prize and certificate presentation for the winners of the National Level Science and Mathematic Olympiad was held at the Royal Berkshire, Royal Brunei Polo Club in Jerudong.

Present as the guest of honour at the ceremony was Deputy Minister of Education Pengiran Dato Seri Setia Dr Haji Mohammad bin Pengiran Haji Abdul Rahman.

The deputy minister, in his speech, expressed his gratitude towards the STEP Centre in organising the event. He also called on the centre to "take certain initiatives in planning a special programme to nurture students that have shown excellence in the Olympiad so as to ensure their participation in the event at regional and international levels".

The winners each received a gold medal, $400 cash prize and a certificate, while first runner-ups, a silver medal, $300 cash prize and a certificate, and second runner-ups, a bronze medal, $200 cash prize and a certificate.

The Deputy Minister delivering his speech

Dayang Sarimah, Acting Head of STEP Centre delivering her speech (left)

Guests and students attending the function Continue to page 3

STEP welcome visitors from Oman [See page 7]

STEP Centre go GREEN [See page 13]

Brunei students at The 6th Regional Congress SEAMEO [See page 9]

OGDC-STEP Centre Discovery Camp [ See page 27]

STEP FORWARD Messages

Foreword from The Acting Head of STEP Centre Hj Metali bin Hj Mirasan

Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh. Greeting to you all Welcome to the 4th issue of STEP FORWARD. I hope this Newsletter will give you some useful information about the activities the Science, Technology and Environment Partnership Centre (STEP Centre) were involved in during the 1st half of the year 2008.

Editorial Board Patron Datin Paduka Dayang Apsah binti Hj Abdul Majid Permanent Secretary [Core Education] Ministry of Education. Advisor Awang Hj Metali bin Hj Mirasan Acting Head of STEP Centre Chief Editor Awang Zulbahri bin Achee Education Officer, STEP Centre. Editors Dayang Sarimah binti Abu Bakar Senior Education Officer, STEP Centre.

Awang Nor Erawadi bin Haji Ibrahim Senior Education Officer, STEP Centre. Awang Azahan bin Hj Abd Wahab Education Officer, STEP Centre. Awang Hj Fadzil bin Hj Mohd Salleh Education Officer, STEP Centre. Dayang Satinah binti Hj Abang Education Officer, STEP Centre. Awang Syed Rozman bin Syed Hj Abd Rahim Education Officer, STEP Centre.

STEP Newsletter

This year once again we organised the National Mathematics and Science Olympiad for the primary and secondary schools throughout the country. Under the Science Enrichment Programmes (Program Peningkatan Pencapaian Sains) Sekolah Menengah Masin was given an opportunity to host the Science Camp, from 15th to 19th June 2008, while Sekolah Rendah Pengiran Anak Puteri Hajah Besar hosted the Science Trail. We also organised the Discovery Camp, from 21st to 24th March 2008 in partnership with the Oil and Gas Discovery Centre (OGDC). In the future issues I would like to welcome contributions from educators as well as students, in the form of articles, essays or research findings. Wassalam

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From page 1

Results of the Olympiads

Primary School Mathematics Olympiad (PSMO)

Primary School Science Olympiad (PSSO)

Medals RECIPIENTS

SCHOOL

Gold Loh Ben Yang Sekolah Chung Hwa, BSB

Silver Muhammad Hafiy Rusyduddin bin Abdul Hadi Sekolah Yayasan Sultan Hj Hassanal Bolkiah

Bronze Fedrick Loh Thek Juen Sekolah St. Andrew.

Consolation

Teng Yu Rong Jerudong International School

Chung Yi Chuen Sekolah Chung Hua, KB

Siti Nur Hazimah binti Awang Mahmud Sekolah Sunshine Gadong

Raifanna binti Haji A. Buntar Sekolah Rendah Bebuloh

Ak. Muhammad Al-Ameen bin Pg. Mohd. Yani Sekolah STJ PGGMB Lambak Lim Jia Ying Sekolah St. Andrew.

Motivational Award for Primary

5 Students Nicholas Ting Jing Kun Sekolah PDS, Jangsak, Gadong

Medals RECIPIENTS

SCHOOL

Gold Mohd Khairurrijal Hazim bin Hj Abdul Momin Sekolah Yayasan Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah

Silver Lim Sye Torng Sekolah St.Andrew

Bronze Tay Kin Guan Sekolah St.Andrew

Consolation

Avril Hwang Jia Chee Sekolah Menengah Chung Hua, KB

Nur Azyyati Haziqah Hj Mohamad Sekolah St. James

Lim Tian Yee Sekolah Menengah Chung Hwa, BSB

Nur Diyanah Safiwah bte Hj Bakri Sekolah Yayasan Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah

Wayne Jason Jong Sekolah Menengah Chung Hwa, BSB

Kate Lynne Basallo Camonayan Sekolah St.John

Abdul Hanif bin Razali Sekolah Rendah Kiudang Motivational

Award for Primary 5 Students

Abdul Hanif bin Razali Sekolah Rendah Kiudang

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STEP Newsletter

From page 1

Secondary School Science Olympiad (SSSO)

National Mathematics Olympiad (NMO)

National Physics Olympiad (NPO)

Medals RECIPIENTS SCHOOL

Gold Teo Siaw Wee Sekolah Menengah Chung Hua, KB

Silver Wong Kuo Hern Maktab Sains Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan

Bronze Chong Woon Fah Sekolah St. Andrew

Consolation

Koo Pin Ying Maktab Sains Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan

Muhammad Zulfadli bin Ramli Sekolah Menengah Muda Hashim

Lee Wan Wei Sekolah St. Andrew

Vanessa Leong Wei Leng Sekolah St. Andrew

Chua Yi Sern Sekolah Menengah Chung Hua, KB

Tin Xiang Hong Sekolah Menengah Chung Ching

Leong Wei Ji Sekolah Menengah Chung Hua, BSB


Gold Mohd Khairi Ihsannudin Isnon bin Ismail Maktab Sains Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan

Silver Leong Yongbo Maktab Duli Pengiran Muda Al-Muhtadee Billah

Bronze Ahmad Mujaahid bin Ibrahim Sekolah Menengah Arab Laki-Laki Hassanal Bolkiah

Consolation

Chong Ming Rui Maktab Sains Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan

Mohd Ramzul Majdi Md Ramlee Maktab Sains Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan

Teo Siew Ying Sekolah Menengah Sayyidina Othman


Gold Dorren Naia Jerudong International School

Silver Onn Tzia Ming Maktab Duli Pengiran Muda Al-Muhtadee Billah

Bronze Muhammad Najib Izzuddin bin Haji Jasni Maktab Duli Pengiran Muda Al-Muhtadee Billah

Consolation

Wonh Huey Lu Sekolah Menengah Sayyidina Ali

Azimah binti Julkipli Sekolah Menengah Sayyidina Ali

Siti Nur’arifah binti Hj Suhaimi Maktab Sains Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan

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National Mathematics Olympiad (NMO) 2008 By Syed Rozman bin Syed Hj Abd Rahim

Twenty students from government and non-government schools participated in the National Mathematics Olympiad on 16th April 2008 at the Science, Technology and Environment Partnership (STEP) Centre, Ministry of Education. The Olympiad was opened to Lower Sixth students in the year 2008 from government and non-government schools throughout the country who must not be more than 20 years old by July 2008. The objective of the Olympiad was to improve students' competence in mathematics and to motivate them to develop their intellectual capacities and skills in Mathematics Education.

The Olympiad was organised with the cooperation of the Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD) which was led by Dr Saiful Azmi bin Hj Awg Husain. Among the participating schools were Maktab Sains Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan, Pusat Tingkatan Enam Berakas, Maktab Duli Pengiran Muda Al-Muhtadee Billah, Sekolah Menengah Sayyidina Othman , Sekolah Menengah Sayyidina Ali and Sekolah Menengah Arab Laki-Laki Hassanal Bolkiah. The top three students were awarded with gold, silver and bronze medals and also received cash prizes.

QUOTE “Do not worry about your difficulties in Mathematics. I can assure you mine are still greater”

Albert Einstein US (German-born) physicist (1879 - 1955)

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4th Secondary School Science Olympiad (SSSO) 2008 By Syed Rozman bin Syed Hj Abd Rahim

As part of the initiative of the Science, Technology and Environment Partnership (STEP) Centre to promote the interest of students towards the field of Science and Technology and as an extension of the Primary School Science Olympiad (PSSO), the Secondary School Science Olympiad (SSSO) was organised

A total of 109 students from government and non-government schools competed in the Olympiad on 28th February 2008. The competition was held at two centres simultaneously; students from the Brunei-Muara and Temburong Districts sat for the written test at Maktab Sains Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan while those from Belait and Tutong Districts sat for the test at Sekolah Menengah Sayyidina Othman, Tutong.

The olympiad is an academic competition on the Sciences namely; Biology, Chemistry and Physics, and is opened to students of Menengah 4 throughout the country whose age must not exceed 16 years old on 1st December 2008.

The objectives of this Olympiad are: To develop secondary school students’ talents and interest in Science. To motivate the secondary school students to develop their intellectual capacities and skills in

Science Education. The top three students were awarded gold, silver and bronze medals respectively and received cash prizes as well.

QUOTES “Science may set limits to knowledge, but should not set limits to imagination”

Bertrand Russell British author, mathematician, & philosopher

“The important thing in science is not so much to obtain new facts as to discover new ways of thinking about them”

Sir William Bragg British physicist (1862 - 1942)

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Omani Officials Visit STEP Centre By: Zulbahri Achee

A group of officials from the Sultanate of Oman’s Ministry of Education paid a visit to the Science Technology and Environment Partnership (STEP) Centre. The delegation of seven high rank officials, headed by Miss Janaito Mohammed Nasser Al-Lamki, Advisor of Education Program, Ministry of Education, Sultanate of Oman, was greeted by Awang Haji Metali bin Haji Mirasan, the Acting Head of STEP Centre.

The delegation was part of a trip to visit the Ministry of Education, Brunei Darussalam. The main objective of the visit was to observe Brunei Darussalam with regards to teaching the two subjects of Science and Mathematics, especially since Bruneian schools teach the two subjects in the English Language.

During the visit there was a question and answer session regarding the function of the STEP Centre and at the end of the visit, there was an exchanging of gifts between the two heads.

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The Primary School Science Olympiad (PSSO) was held on 26th February 2008. Two different venues were chosen to cater for the total of 259 primary 5 and 6 students from government and non-government schools. This year the venues for the Olympiad Competition were Maktab Sains Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan for students from Brunei-Muara and Temburong and Sekolah Menengah Sayyidina Othman for students from Belait and Tutong districts.

The format of this year’s competition was different from in previous years. In previous years, the participating students had to undergo the preliminary round i.e theory paper before proceeding to the final round which consisted of theoretical and practical papers. This year the participating students were only given one round i.e just a theoretical paper. However the questions were designed to incorporate the idea of practical concept questions.

2008 is the 6th consecutive year that the STEP Centre has organised this olympiad. The objectives of this olympiad are to improve the competence of the students in science, to develop talent and interest in science and to motivate students to develop their intellectual capacities and skills in science.

189 students from government schools and 70 students from non-government schools took part in this year’s Olympiad. The top three students received cash money of $400.00, $300.00 and $200.00 respectively besides receiving medals and certificates. 6 students received consolation awards which consisted of a medal, cash money of $50 each and a certificate of participation. A motivational award was given to one primary 5 student who achieved the highest score amongst the primary 5 level.

THE PRIMARY SCHOOL SCIENCE OLYMPIAD 2008(PSSO)

By Azahan Hj Abd Wahab

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The 6th Regional Congress on Search for SEAMEO Young Scientists (SSYS) By Hj Fadzil bin Hj Mohd Salleh

The Search for SEAMEO Young Scientists (SSYS) is a gathering for young scientists all over the ASEAN region to share and disseminate information on their science and mathematics research projects. It was initiated in 1997 and, since then, has been held every two years with a specific theme.

The congress was organized by SEAMEO RECSAM (Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organisation – Regional Centre for Education in Science and Mathematics) from 3rd to 6th March 2008 in Penang, Malaysia. This year Negara Brunei Darussalam participated by sending two teams to represent both the Science Category and the Mathematics Category. The science project was reperesented by Noelda Iryani binti Haji Tarip (supervising teacher) and two students; Hj. Muhammad Qawie bin Awg. Hj. Sabli From Jerudong International School and Mohd. Syazwan bin Hj. Zaini from Maktab Duli Pengiran Muda Al-Muhtadee Billah. The mathematics project was rep-resented by Hj. Fadzil bin Hj. Mohd. Salleh (supervising teacher) and two students from Pusat Tingkatan Enam Berakas, Abd. Muiz bin Hj. Abdullah and Abd. Hakim bin Hj. Hasnan,

The theme for this year was “Sustainable Community Development through Science and Mathematics”. This was the first time that the Mathematics Category was opened for participation in the congress. The aims for this year’s SSYS include: (i) to encourage research and development in science and mathematics among young learners

in SEAMEO member countries. (ii) to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas and experiences among students in SEAMEO

member countries. (iii) to provide a venue for intellectual and social interactions among students and educators. (iv) to identify and give recognition to outstanding young science and mathematics researchers. (v) to increase the awareness of young learners about the relationship between science,

mathematics, technology, environment, economy and society.

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The science project with the title, “A Sustainable Forestry : The Study on Acacia Species in Berakas Forest Reserve” won the silver award for “Best Written Report”, while the mathematics project with the title, “A Study of Sixth Form Students’ Awareness on Recycling Activities in Brunei Through Mathematical Analysis” was only given a consolation prize. Among the recommendations which were highlighted during the closing ceremony was that there should be more applications of mathematical aspects which are in line with the theme. For Brunei, the writer supports the idea of having a similar competition organised, such as the National Mathematics Project Competition, in the near future.

As pointed out by Abd. Muiz, despite being much honoured to have been selected to represent the very first mathematics team for Brunei Darussalam, “the selection of projects should have been made more analytically”. Indeed towards the end of the journey back home, many thoughts were directed on how to improve the selection of mathematics projects for representing Brunei Darussalam in the upcoming 7th SSYS congress.

QUOTE “It is wrong to think that the task of physics is to find out how nature is. Physics concerns what we can say about nature”

Niels Henrik David Bohr Danish physicist (1885 - 1962)

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Student candidates for the Asean Youth Science Forum to be held in Manila Philippines in July 2008 were requested by STEP Centre to write a 300-word essay on their interest in the field of science and technology. As a centre for promoting science and technology for our budding scientists, we would like to share two of those which stood out. Compiled by: Nor Erawadi bin Haji Ibrahim

Regarding the topic above, my interest in science and technology lies in their advancement and how this can help mankind. Growing up, seeing others suffering, succumbing to disease and also being looked at with prejudice in the case of our handicapped comrades, has instigated my dream to enter the field of science in order to enhance our life as well as others through scientific research.

When we look at plants, with our little knowledge, we can easily ignore a plant while in reality, it might be a miracle cure for a disease and with Brunei ’s lush equatorial rainforest, the possibilities are endless. One specimen may be a cure for AIDS and another might be a cure for cancer and with our research and effort, not only can this happen, this can also help people to realize the importance of nature.

Not only in medicine, in other fields such as robotics, robots with Artificial Intelligence can be used to help people who suffer from paralysis or other such problems by helping them do normal day to day work and this can help them continue living on happily and normally and also not be viewed by the public eye as being handicapped. With this in mind, not only will this help them lead a normal life, this will also grant satisfaction to the people who contributed to the scientific body seeing that the brainchild of their sweat and hard work has succeeded both in theory and in practice. Another reason is also the fact that money, respect and recognition lie within this field if we do succeed but to me, this is secondary since I have always believed that by succeeding in our dreams, we will definitely achieve self satisfaction and to me that is enough.

Done by: Muhammad Khirul Hazwan Bin Jaton. Sekolah Menengah Saiyyidina Ali Class: Pre U1/ Sc 1 2008

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STEP Newsletter

From page 11

I am a Form 6 student in Maktab Sains Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan. I am still thrilled even though the O’Level results have been out for several weeks, because as a science student, achieving all A’s for the three branches of science namely Chemistry, Biology and Physics is a major success. This year, I have decided to pursue my studies in Chemistry and Physics; two subjects that I have devoted myself into.

I remember the day as if it were yesterday. My science teacher did a

demonstration to prove white light is made up of different colour of lights. When the white light penetrated through a prism, red and blue lights appeared out of nowhere. It was like magic. Or rather, a grand adventure – one that I most certainly want to be part of. My interest in science dates back to my lower secondary days. I was fascinated by the work of famous scientists such as Sir Isaac Newton and Michael Faraday and somewhere along the way, I realised science is an interesting subject.

I believe technology is crucial to the development and escalation of mankind as

well as to upgrade our status of living. Inventions such as telephones and automobiles are helpful conveniences that have made our lives easier. Without the evolution of technology, the world would be slow paced, taking telephones, a means of communication, as an example. In my opinion, it is important that we always support and promote further development in technology. That is partly the reason why I am fascinated by technology itself.

I believe my knowledge of science and technology has expanded, but is still expanding. There is so much to learn, in the field of science and technology. It keeps improving, so must I.

Done by: Nurul Adilah Binti Haji Abu Bakar

Maktab Sains Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan Class: Pre-U 1C 2008


STEP Newsletter

“Green Light” for Recycling in STEP By: Nor Erawadi Haji Ibrahim

Beginning 1st February 2008, Awang Haji Metali, the Acting Head of STEP Centre, announced the Centre’s own initiative to start a used paper recycling project. The objective is to make STEP the pioneer for promoting environmental awareness. This initiative helps to realise our own efforts and trains us to better handle our own rubbish problems. Officers, staff and those who come to STEP Centre, for example, students, their parents and teachers would be responsible for the success of this programme. We must instil the love for our environment and reduce wastage in any forms especially on exhaustive or recurrent resources such as water and electricity. It would also set an example to other departments under the Ministry of Education, creating awareness on the importance of staying clean, energy-saving and recycling; in line with current global concerns.

As a starting point, we will collect and recycle used papers only. Papers that can be recycled include draft papers, outdated and excess copies of letters, newspapers, magazines, brochures, envelopes and many more. To further ensure its success, we managed to obtain two huge recycling steel bins for papers, which have been placed strategically at the front porches of bungalows C7 and C8. Daikyo Recycling company which is based in Serasa are giving their support and was kind enough to send us the two bins in June 2008. The distinctive green bins can be seen from afar and their strategic location at the main entrance of the buildings sends a strong message of the centre’s intention and own practice on promoting environmental awareness programmes. The aims should strive towards recognition as a “green and energy-efficient building” or a “zero carbon emission” centre.

In our future plan, we intend to co-ordinate such simple initiatives probably to other departments within the ministry and also to schools. Further environmental programmes such as “greening” of compounds, energy-efficient buildings, resource conservation and any other sustainability programmes will also be explored.

Using a crane, the huge bins being delivered from Daikyo Recycling company!

Awang Hj Metali doing his part for the recycling programme.

Together we can succeed!


STEP Newsletter

HIGHLIGHTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Sharing a fruitful experience attending a major environmental education conference in India while assessing environmental sustainability in Brunei Darussalam. By Nor Erawadi Hj Ibrahim

For most of us who watched the news, we heard of the eager arguments and excitement about the proceedings of a climate change conference held in Bali, Indonesia last December. Global warming is just one aspect of environmental challenges and an area of sustainable development discussion highlighted today. In November 2007, I had the opportunity to attend a conference on environment in Ahmedabad, India. It was the 4th International Conference on Environmental Education and was organised by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) and the Government of India. Environment being a topic close to everyone’s heart was scrutinised in the conference and how the education in schools and communities have been observed so far. It was by no means a mediocre conference – a total of 1000 participants from about 100 different countries came. They were comprised of students, youth leaders, teachers, educators, researchers, practitioners, governments and representatives of environmental movements such as Greenpeace, World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) and the International Conservation Organisation, IUCN. The first international conference was held in Tbilisi, Georgia in 1977, then Moscow, Russia and later, Thessaloniki city in Greece in 1987 and 1997 respectively. A green conference What I liked about the conference was that it was eco-friendly. Each participant was given only one plastic water bottle throughout the 3-day conference. We took free refills from dispensers available in most areas of the campus. The conference was held at the Centre of Environment Education (CEE) Ahmedabad which was set up in 1984. The village-like campus utilises energy-efficient electricity and sustains green waste management. Even the conference’s main plenary “hall” was simply an open area surrounded by shady green trees which provided a cool atmosphere. The compounds filled with trees was like being in a jungle or a zoo as baby squirrels were easily spotted. Biodegradable waste is composted and turned into fertilizer. Non-biodegradable waste is taken away and eventually dumped into an eco-friendly landfill. The concrete roofs are specially designed for rain water harvesting. Rain water captured in recharge wells and ponds, percolates through the soil and recharges the ground water. Also, the dense canopy increases the soil absorption capacity and avoids runoff. Ground water is the main source of water in the campus. Water is pumped up to the main tank at the highest spot and distributed to the buildings with the help of gravity. Water filters are installed in every building to ensure there are safe drinking water at all times. In terms of electricity, CEE buildings are designed to harness natural light and air to the maximum thus decreasing dependence on many electrical devices and air-conditioning. Renewable energy (solar power) is used to heat water at the campus hostel and canteen. Most of what is said here is easily achievable in our country. What is needed is smart planning by the architect and building owners. It does not have to be expensive.

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From page 14 What I learnt in the conference is the realisation that the environmental problem is a global problem but one needs to be committed to tackle the local issues first wherever or whatever they may be. Thus, a more grassroot level participation from individuals, students, teachers, educators, parents, local communities, private sectors, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the government must be upheld. It can only succeed through a dual “top-down” and “bottom-up” approaches. Education for Sustainable Development Formal environmental education has now oriented into areas of Sustainable Development. Sustainable development is a widely accepted concept as it helps a community to improve its living conditions. Sustainable development covers topics of poverty, peace and security, social equity, gender equality, health, clean water, sanitation and a recently prominent issue is climate change or global warming. As education is a key to sustainable development, the UN has directed countries to support what they term “Education for Sustainable Development” (ESD). In order to fortify this vision - one of the key recommendations of the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2002 – the UN has declared the years 2005 to 2014 as a “Decade for Education for Sustainable Development” (DESD). This has affected environmental education movements to propel in a positive manner. In the early years of the 1970s, environmental education only dealt with nature studies. As issues on sustainable development have become mainstreamed to communities in regional and international levels, environmental education has increased in importance. DESD has prompted world governments to join together to tackle the environmental challenges such as pollution and global warming, both of which, ironically resulted from heightened industrial and economic activities in all parts of the world. It is a catch-22 scenario for development and environment. However improving the development will weaken the environment, yet, improving the environment means slowing down development. It is this dilemma and the compromise available that all of us must consider. The Rio Summit, also known as the Earth Summit in Brazil in 1992 was instrumental towards highlighting education as a core for achieving sustainable development in areas such as energy policies, forestry, fisheries and those I mentioned earlier. Prominent environmental speakers and expertise The experts who co-ordinated and chaired most of the plenary sessions included founding members. Therefore, they kept the conference afoot with clear intentions and directions. The invited panelists also had impressive CVs. Some were involved in penning the Earth Charter, the Earth Summit agreement in Rio in 1992 and Agenda 21, the UN’s initiatives for the Education for All (EfA), the Millenium Development Goals (MDG) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) programmes. What was even better, they were there to listen, exchange and share ideas on how environmental education and education for sustainable development (ESD) have become topical issues and crucial factors for upholding and at the same time, harmonising economic growth, environmental protection and social justice for every country in this world. As the subject of environment is becoming increasingly important these days especially with the idealistic concept of sustainable development, it was not just about education but also the policy-making and actions that were taken on board.

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The Ahmedabad conference brought together prominent speakers on environmental discourse. I had the chance to listen to the founding fathers of environmental education conferences such as Professor Charles Hopkins from Canada and Dr Kartikeya Sarabhai, director of Centre for Environmental Education institution for India. The Director-General of UNESCO, Mr Koichiro Matsuura, also shared his views on the last day of the conference. During the inaugural ceremony, we all had the golden opportunity to listen directly to a keynote address on the latest findings of the Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) which was released in November in Valencia, Spain. The speaker was none other than the Nobel Peace Prize laureate, Dr R.K.Pachauri, the chairman of IPCC. He gave a bleak economic and environmental account if countries do not act appropriately towards stabilising the global emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). He gave different scenarios to depict what could happen and what could be prevented if we act now. He discussed some climatic problems which may arise from global warming such as rise in temperatures, rise in sea levels and others. All of which would make communities vulnerable in terms of diseases, water scarcity and reduction in biodiversity. He also warned of the impact of climate change which include predominant heat waves and negative impacts on ecosystems as many species have become extinct. Such vulnerabilities are also exacerbated by poor governance and this needs to be changed. Dr R.K.Pachauri also said that we have 7 years to act, that is, by 2015. If not, much higher temperatures will be projected which will become uncontrollable. He concluded by saying that climate change needs to be tackled through SD actions by changing our behaviours, attitudes and lifestyles. In the environmental education conference, countries with different socio-political and geographical backgrounds presented an overview of what their governments were currently engaged in towards the UN initiatives of DESD as well as their environmental education programmes. The accounts given by officials included those from Qatar, Brazil, Afghanistan, Costa Rica and Cambodia. Various projects, programmes and resource management were presented. I was enthralled by the sheer hard work carried out by those governments to achieve their goals of harmonizing an environmental-friendly and prosperous society. Participation seemed to be the recurring theme. Serious co-ordination and participation of all stakeholders such as students, teachers, educators, communities, private sectors, NGOs, policymakers and governments have been shown to improve the state of their own environment so that our future generation can enjoy what is left of this planet. Brunei’s own action for Sustainable Development His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan highlighted the importance of co-ordinated waste management in the country in his recent birthday Titah. It was somewhat a reiteration of last year’s Titah for a similar occasion. He stressed on the importance of caring for our environment and conserving energy - the need for our nation’s proper land resource management as to avoid landslide during rainy seasons as well as conserving electrical energy usage. The Minister of Energy at the Prime Minister’s Office highlighted the impor-tance of saving electricity which culminated during the National Energy Week held in September last year and May this year. Strategies and policy plans drawn by other ministries also indicated some directions towards sustainable development. Through the Ministry of Health, the public health education via awareness campaigns on many diseases have been widely applauded by the public as demonstrated recently in free consultations and check-ups offered during the 100-year commemoration of the provision for health institutions in Brunei held in ICC last year.


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Importance of youth involvement Youth representatives from various movements also attended several workshops and seminars prior to the main conference. Youths (generalised here as 18 to 24 year olds) were expectantly very buoyant and certainly showed their passion and enthusiasm toward the culture of environmental care. In a few panel sessions in India, I witnessed some brave youths who stood up on stage and expressed their feelings about the environment. They were adamant that more should be done for their voices to be heard and even to be included in decision-making. Otherwise there will be a danger that their passion and enthusiasm will fade due to inattention. I was interested when they spoke about the success of peer mentoring programmes carried out by UNESCO and UNEP which was almost similar to the “trainee becomes trainer” programme. Through such programmes, progress in environmental awareness amongst youths would multiply significantly. STEP Centre In Brunei, we do have the opportunities to participate in youth camps, be it, in science, technology or environment. Departments and units under Ministry of Education such as the Department of Schools, the Science, Technology and Environment Centre (STEP Centre) and the Co-Curriculum Department have endlessly organised such activities locally as well as abroad. The government gave opportunities to probably hundreds of our youths (mainly students) to attend such camps in countries like Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, China, Japan and Korea. At the STEP Centre, we have established and carried out numerous activities for students and teachers alike aiming at providing value-added, “out-of-classroom” and practical education in science, technology and environment. Not wanting to be seen as another unit with routine office jobs, STEP Centre continuously tries to be dynamic and innovative. Valuable advice and sound opinion are also on offer on establishing strategies for improving science, technology and environment education. As part of this strategy, we continually seek to move forward thus epitomizing our vision as an excellent hub for science, technology and environment education. The Ministry of Education also collaborated with other ministries such as the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports, the Ministry of Development and the Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources on this subject. The Ministry of Development through the Department of Environment, Parks and Recreation has been instrumental in environmental camps and formation of eco-clubs in schools, and holding awareness programmes on recycling and waste management. The same ministry through other departments also has World Water Day or World Environment Day or World Earth Day as well as World Forest Day through the Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources. It is clear that the government and all relevant stakeholders generally aim at upholding sustainability and similar pressing issues in the country. Nevertheless, Brunei needs to have a proper framework or clear all-round governmental policies on “Sustainable Development Strategies” so that a distinct direction or target can be aimed towards proper adoption of sustainability in society, the environment and the economy. Economic diversification is said to be a top priority for the country. However, the strategies outlined are not well-aligned and centralized by all practitioners. Hence, a more sustained and focused pathway must be identified to achieve a diversified economy.


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Contribution of NGOs and private sectors In most countries, the NGOs are directly involved and can persuade policy-makers on environmental issues. WWF for Nature, Greenpeace and numerous trust funds and private Foundations are geared for such purposes. They normally specifically help their own local community or communities. These organisations are essential especially for a diverse society or community within the local governance and also for those basic amenities such as clean water, basic health provision, peace and security which countries normally lack in. One can say that social stratification and widespread poverty are the major causes of such misfortunes. Let us not forget the private sectors in Brunei. Strategic corporate social responsibility programmes of each company help to herald awareness on issues pertaining to sustainable development too. Banks, telecommunication and energy industries are obligated to deploy their employees in community welfare campaigns and sponsoring programmes for governmental projects. Local academic NGOs like the Brunei Association for Science Education (BASE), Persatuan Biologi Brunei Darussalam (PBioBD), Chemistry and Physics societies can help and play vital roles in creating awareness on sustainable development not just to school institutions but also to the general public through their various innovative activities. At the regional level, ASEAN is at the forefront on the subject of sustainable development as it realigns itself to aspirations of those at the United Nations. This was shown in the ASEAN Heads of Government meeting late last year in Singapore which had environment and sustainable development as their major theme of discussion. Through multi-lateral co-operation and meaningful sessions, complex regional environmental problems such as transboundary haze and pollution can hopefully be resolved amicably. The way forward … Not only did the India conference I attended deal with issues of sustainable development, valuable adaptation strategies through capacity building and human resource development were also discussed. One of the vocal speakers, Miss Sunita, the Director of Centre for Science and Technology, India said that policy-makers need to redesign or reinvent ideas when discussing environmental education. Opinions of participants might have been diversed or divided, but the transparency in deliverance provided various options for decision-making strategies and policy advocacy. I remember what the Nobel Peace Prize laureate, Dr Pachauri said about economic mitigation of climate change - “We have a window of only seven years to start reducing emissions in the world. If not, there will be a sea level rise that may affect coastal cities throughout the world like Kolkata, Dhaka and Shanghai”. The next environmental education conference will be in 2017. Let’s hope that no such disasters will have occurred by then …


STEP Newsletter

From page 18

The Director-General of UNESCO, Koichiro Matsuura, being greeted and welcomed to the conference in true Indian tradition.

Dr Pachauri, the chairman of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and Nobel Peace Prize laureate delivering his speech,

warning of the adverse effects of climate change.

Self photo at the entrance gate of the Centre of Environment Education, Ahmedabad India.

Participants gathered in the green conference “hall” as they waited for the event to start.

A big photo finish for all the participants!

Group photo after attending a session by the ESD Asian Network headed and founded by Japan.

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Across 4. 16 ounces

7. to pass off in vapor; disappear

9. tube used to water the lawn

11. where you wash your hands

12. plumbing part

13. conserve

16. this protects you from a downpour

18. a system to clean water

20. "white blanket" of winter

24. restroom item

25. If you have a faucet that drips, it may have a ____.

26. to clean with soap and water

27. toad

Down 1. water from the sky

2. to draw off water

3. vapor from something hot

5. frozen water

6. faucet

8. washes the floor

9. hello

10. ocean

11. water sport

12. where you can make a big splash

14. fog

15. where you take a bath

17. to heat water

19. a place to go boating

21. opposite of dry

22. H2O

23. trout, bass, perch, are all a type of ____

Water Crossword

Extracted from http://www.irwd.com/WaterEducation/Games/crossword.php

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National Physics Olympiad (NPO) 2008 By Haji Fadzil bin Haji Mohd Salleh

The first ever National Physics Olympiad (NPO) 2008 was held on Tuesday, 15th April 2008 at our Science, Technology and Environment Partnership (STEP) Centre’s building in Jalan Muara. It has been decided that this event be organized to fulfil one of the efforts in promoting science education. The competition was supported by two agencies namely the Brunei Shell Petroleum Company Sendirian Berhad and the Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam . Out of a total of 27 students invited to participate, 18 students were able to come. Students who participated were Brunei citizens only. They were either currently studying at any sixth form centres, colleges or secondary schools in the state or those who have just sat for the ‘A’ level examination in November 2007. The students must have also been born on or after July 18, 1988. The last criteria was added to compensate for the requirements of future involvement in the International Physics Olympiad.

The seven learning institutions which were invited included Maktab Sains Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan, Maktab Duli Pengiran Muda Al-Muhtadee Billah, Pusat Tingkatan Enam Berakas, Sekolah Menengah Sayyidina Othman, Sekolah Menengah Sayyidina Ali, Sekolah Menengah Arab Laki-Laki Hassanal Bolkiah and Jerudong International School. The general objective of the Olympiad is to improve the competence of the students in Physics. While the specific objectives include the following: 1. To develop the students’ talents and further interest in Physics. 2. To enhance understanding for the students of the concepts learnt in schools. 3. To provide the opportunity for students to explore the applications of Physics. 4. To motivate students in developing their intellectual capacities and skills in

Physics.

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From Page 21

Besides the objectives mentioned above, STEP Centre’s aim of having the National Physics Olympiad is to select potential candidates for the upcoming International Physics Olympiad, which is expected to be held in Vietnam in July 2008. The results of the olympiad showed that the top five achievers came from Jerudong International School, Sekolah Menengah Sayyidina Ali, Maktab Sains Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan and Maktab Duli Pengiran Muda Al-Muhtadee Billah. Nevertheless, participation from the other schools also showed positive results during the olympiad. The Technical Committee for the National Physics Olympiad also commented that, in order to improve the quality of candidates for future competitions, they recommended that the “A” level teaching develop deduction and inference skills. Apart from that, individual schools could also take the initiative to form special teaching teams to look into matters concerned with the Physics Olympiad.

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The 39th International Physics Olympiad (IPHO) 2008 By Haji Fadzil bin Hj Mohd Salleh

This year, Brunei Darussalam participated again in the 39th International Physics Olympiad, which was held from 20th July 2008 till 29th July 2008, in Hanoi, Vietnam. The event was organized by the Hanoi National University of Education. The Brunei team was represented by two leaders, Mohammad Khairul Zarifi bin Hj. Awang Masri from Universiti Brunei Darussalam, and Hj. Mohamad Rozaime bin Hj. Zainal from Pusat Tingkatan Enam Berakas and four students namely Muhammad Najib Izzuddin bin Hj. Jasni, Onn Tzia Ming, Azimah binti Julkipli and Dorren Naia. Altogether 82 countries participated in this Olympiad.

Briefing session to parents

Prior to the main event, students and leaders were busy with their preparations, which brought them together in the Physics Laboratory at Universiti Brunei Darussalam. Basically, the selected students were among the top achievers in the recent National Physics Olympiad which was held on 15th April 2008.

Training session at UBD

After having difficulties in going through the theory and practical tests, our students were provided with some highlights of social programs that included visits to various places of attractions in Vietnam.

Some benefits gained by our team as expressed by the leaders include, the unforgettable experiences during competing times, as the Olympiad was held at the international level. Besides this everyone gained new knowledge about building up social skills and friendship among different nationalities. They also felt that they have more confidence and better communication skills which might be very useful when they pursue their higher education.

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From Page 23

The writer himself as the main coordinator for this Olympiad felt that future preparations might include the combined efforts from those leaders who have been going abroad attending international olympiads to look into the possibilities of having a pool of pre-selective candidates to be trained for the future International Physics Olympiad. Apart from that, close cooperation with Physics lecturers from Universiti Brunei Darussalam would provide better coaching and help in preparing students for the real world of Physics Olympiad.

Memoirs of the journey to IPhO 2008

QUOTE “We need men who can dream of things that never were. “

John F. Kennedy

35th president of US 1961-1963 (1917 - 1963)


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TEACHERS’ AND STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FAILURE IN MATHEMATICS

By Hj Metali bin Haji Mirasan

Introduction; Many students failed in Mathematics in the BJCE Examination, especially when the results for the 1993 cohort are compared with those of the 1992 cohort. A survey of teachers and students perception was carried out to identify factors associated with that failure in the BJCE Mathematics Examination at Sekolah Menengah Muda Hashim, Tutong.

The Survey; The survey consists of interviews and questionnaires for Menengah 3 Mathematic teachers and the Menengah 4 & 5 students. The interviews were mainly focused on the perceived reasons of why the BJCEMathematics Examination results were down from 63.3% in 1992 to 40.9% in 1993.Two main reasons were found; 1. Most of the students complained that there was not enough time given to finish the

Mathematics paper. 2. The students did not have the motivation to study Mathematics because they felt that

it was a difficult subject.

Research Method; Data were collected by means of questionnaires distributed to the Menengah 3 Mathematics teachers and Menengah 4 & 5 students. A Five Point Likert Type Scale was used in the survey. Data Analysis and Interpretation; The findings from the teachers’ feedback suggest that the main reasons are; 1. Lack of basic Mathematics skills acquired, and should be strengthened at the lower

level (primary). 2. Lack of interest in the subject as the students think Mathematics is a difficult subject.

Analyses of the data should be done to see whether statistical significance could be found for the selected variables; gender, number of passes, perceived difficulty in mathematics, perceived importance, student’s interest, perceived teaching guidance, perceived teaching method, perceived student’s mathematical skill and perceived need for more help at home.

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Chi-Square Tests were used to compare the observed frequencies with the expected frequencies, assuming that the null hypothesis is true, as a 0.05 level of significance was used. The results are shown below; Variables 1992 1993 Chi-Square 1. Sex 50.9 2. Percentage of passes 69.3% 40.9% 4.5 3. Perceived difficulty 57 99 2.66 4. Perceived importance 78 113 0.92 5. Interest 20 36 35.12 6. Perceived teachers’ guidance 77 100 5.20 7. Perceived teaching method 77 99 4.41 8. Perceived Mathematical skill 41 31 8.85 9. Perceived more help at home 56 57 6.04 Statistical significance was found in 7 out of 9 variables which are, sex, number of passes, interest, perceived teachers guidance, perceived teaching method, perceived mathematical skills and perceived more help at home.

Conclusion The results of this study suggest that a number of factors contributed to the high rate of failure in Mathematics. They are; a. In general female students tended to perform better than male students. b. One of the Mathematics teachers in 1993 was away for medical reasons for more than

3 months. c. The 1992 students were more interested in the subject compared to the 1993 students. d. The 1992 students also perceived that there was more help at home in comparison

with the 1993 students.

Recommendations a. Many students found that Mathematics is a very difficult subject, thus the curriculum

should provide a differentiated curriculum for students according to their abilities. b. Teachers should be more aware of the problem of male students in Mathematics. c. Parents should be more involved in helping their children in learning Mathematics. d. The students should master the Mathematical skills at the lower level. e. Teachers should use a variety of methods in teaching Mathematics, so that the

students will find the subject more interesting. f. When teachers are away or absent, special arrangements should be made to ensure

that the students will not be at a disadvantage.

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ANOTHER SUCCESS FOR OGDC-STEP DISCOVERY CAMP

By: Nor Erawadi Hj Ibrahim Photos by: Zulbahri Achee

This year was the 4th year that the OGDC-STEP Discovery Camp was held. As in previous years, the camp was for Form 2 students. About 76 students from 38 schools participated in the camp from 21st to 24th March 2008 which coincided with the first term school holiday. The main aim of the camp was to instil a sense of enthusiasm and inquisitiveness about science and technology through “hands-on, minds-on” activities in a variety of scientific disciplines such as physics, environment and engineering.

The programmes lined up were as exciting as in previous years if not better. These included a padi harvesting session at Labi, a conservation/environment project trip at Anduki Recreational Park and even selected teacher-supervisors got an orientatation plus team-building programme prior to the camp, that was, on Friday, 14th March 2008. Other interesting activities included a team-building session for the students, Nite at the Exhibition Hall, a motivational talk and a leadership programme.

The projects at Anduki Recreational Park were different for each group. The student-participants, later on that day, presented their projects at the site itself, were assessed and their marks accumulated with various other competitions. To show our concern for the environment, each group also had to collect as much rubbish as possible at the park which were then weighed. The closing and prize presentation ceremony was officiated by Awang Haji Amit bin Haji Abdul Razak, Head of Human Resources, Brunei Shell Petroleum Company Sendirian Berhad. There was a good media coverage for the event held at Big Top. The chairperson of the organizing committee, Awang Iskandar bin Haji Alias, Head of OGDC gave an opening remark too.

The students were blindfolded in the group “matching puzzle” game during

ice-breaking.

One of the virtues of a camping trip – waiting for transport!

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At the end of the camp, the general feedback received was that the camp was a great success. What the students and teachers liked most about the camp were the proper organisation and co-operation shown by the organisers and supervisors. The camp also provided an avenue or opportunity for the students to improve their motivation, self confidence and socialisation skills among their new friends. The whole experience taught them that science is fun to learn and very practical. Of course, improvements were also suggested so that a better camp will be organised next time. Every individual differed in their opinions. Some suggested better time management, more food to be supplied instead of over-rationing, more activities on leadership and so forth. Nevertheless, most were satisfied with the whole adventure and the experience gained.

An impromptu photo session for the participants and organisers of the Camp!

Prizes for winning teams were presented by Awang Haji Amit bin Haji Abdul Razak, Head of Human Resources, Brunei Shell Petroleum Company Sendirian Berhad during the

closing ceremony accompanied by the chairpersons, Iskandar from OGDC and Sarimah from STEP Centre.

From Page 23

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STEP Newsletter

By Satinah binti Haji Abang

Another successful activity initiated for the ‘Program Peningkatan Pencapaian Sains (PPPS)’ or the Science Achievement Enhancement Programme was the Science Trail Activity (STA) at Hadfa Enterprise in Rimba. The STA that was organised in the collaboration with Sekolah Rendah Pengiran Anak Puteri Hajah Besar and supported by Brunei Shell Petroleum Company Sdn.Bhd on 18th May 2008, involved 112 pupils and 40 teachers from Sekolah Rendah Pengiran Anak Puteri Hajah Besar, Sekolah Rendah Pehin Dato Jamil and Sekolah Rendah Junjongan. Science Trail activities provide a bridge between the curriculum learnt at school with our daily lives and our natural and cultural heritage. They can help connect pupils to a place and engage them with their surroundings. Besides allowing pupils to incorporate textbook knowledge into a more interactive and interpretive learning, science trail provides a full-spectrum educational experience. Through the STA, the pupils explored the science behind the flora and fauna that surrounds them, using either the scientific skills they learnt in the classroom or using some new skills they learnt during the STA. Flora and fauna exploration was indeed a great opportunity for the pupils as natural resources available at the venue were difficult or even impossible to be brought to the classroom, especially schools located at ‘Kampong Ayer’. At the same time, the STA was designed to emphasize the importance of teamwork and leadership among pupils. As for teachers, the STA is expected to familiarise teachers with the STA format so that they can design their own science trail in future; to inspire their creativity; to enrich their scientific knowledge; and to encourage collaboration among the PPPS schools. The Science Trail was attended by the Senior District Education Officer for Brunei I, Haji Awang Jaafar bin Hj. Ahmad as the Guest of Honour. He later presented prizes to the top three teams: Periwinkle, Orchid and Daisy. Nine other students also received prizes for successfully answering questions during the question-and-answer session. A pre-test prior to the activity day and a post-test after the activity were administered to determine if pupils improved after the activity. A highly positive result from the test shows that STA is viable and offers an educationally valuable extension to the curriculum learnt in school.

Pupils of Sekolah Rendah Pengiran Anak Puteri Hajah Besar sitting for the Pre-test Paper

Teachers marking the Pre-test and Post-test Papers at STEP Centre on 24th May 2008

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From Page 29

Pupils’ safety is our priority! Teachers cordoning the pond area with Zebra tape. Pupils should not cross this area.

A group of pupils moves from one station to another.

At this station, pupils measure the temperature of the pond water and measure the length of the ‘Tilapia’ fish.

Pupils observe and describe plant attributes, including identifying the colour of the leaf using the colour scheme

provided.

The Guest of Honour, Haji Awang Jaafar bin Hj. Ahmad, the Senior District Education Officer for Brunei I with the

other guests, enjoying watching pupils participating actively during the question-and-answer session.

Members of the Periwinkle Team as The Best Group Work winners are posing proudly with the Guest of Honour

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By Satinah binti Haji Abang

Altogether, 324 primary 5 and 6 pupils from 78 government and non-government schools competed in the 3rd Primary School Mathematics Olympiad (PSMO) initiated by STEP Centre on 23rd February 2008, with the support of Brunei Shell Petroleum Company Sdn.Bhd. The written test was divided into two sections. Section A consisted of 18 short answer problems, while section B consisted of 6 challenging essay problems. The time length for the written test was 1 hour and 30 minutes.

“The PSMO questions are very hard for the pupils”, is one common comment as noted by the supervising teachers. The PSMO is intended to provide further challenge and recognition, beyond that provided and learnt at school. The questions on the PSMO are much more difficult and pupils are very unlikely to obtain the correct answers simply by guessing. Long calculations are needed to obtain the results. The use of calculators is not allowed.

The PSMO provides the 3 top pupils from every invited primary school throughout the country with yet another opportunity to challenge their mathematical abilities. The real value of this Olympiad is in the learning that can come from the preparation beforehand and from further thoughts and discussions of the solutions. Therefore, the PSMO has been successfully used as a tool for searching outstanding Mathematics problem solvers.

This year, seven pupils were selected from the PSMO to represent Brunei in the International Competitions. This October, four pupils will compete in the Elementary International Mathematics Competition (EIMC) in Chiang Mai, Thailand, while the other three pupils will contend in the International Mathematics and Science Olympiad (IMSO), in Mataram, Indonesia in November.

“Long word problems may be solved using a concept-oriented approach as they serve to extend the ideas by embedding conceptualization directly into the flow of the problem solving process and also serve to unify problem solving with other logical processes”

Pupils from Brunei Muara District and Temburong District attempting the PSMO papers at Maktab Sains

Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan, Jalan Muara

Supervising teachers waiting anxiously outside the examination hall

Exploring and understanding the requirement/ request of word problems are crucial before a pupil can work out

the solutions

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Farewell (retirement) dinner for Hajah Halus binti Mamit @ Hajah Salmah on 2nd May 2008 @ Aneka Rasa Restaurant

Receiving a gift from the Head of STEP Centre Sarimah slipping the ring (gift from STEP Centre) on Hajah Halus’s finger

Hjh Halus blowing the 55th birthday candles

The STEP staff enjoying the dinner Hj Metali & Hjh Halus in a duet The group photo

Cleaning campaign @ STEP Centre on 21st February 2008

Officers and members of staff working together in giving a facelift to the three bungalows of STEP Centre

Answers to Crossword Water Puzzle Steam, tub, boil, evaporate, hose, filter, leak, frog, toilet, fish, wet, vapour, tap, lake, sink, snow, wash, swimming, water, save, umbrella, pool, rain, drain, pipe, ice, pint, mops, hi, sea

STEP FORWARD - 4th Issue

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