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FRIDA KAHLO – AGES 10 – ADULT | ONLINE EDITION

Step 1 - Introducing the Frida Kahlo Slideshow Guide MOTIVATION BEGIN READING HERE

Have you ever kept a diary? What is a diary? (A JOURNAL, A PERSONAL RECORD OF EVENTS OR ACTIVITIES) Men and women commonly kept hand-written diaries in centuries past. Because diaries are private; we can often learn great truths about a person by reading their diary. During the last ten years of her life, our master artist, Frida Kahlo, kept a hand-written diary, which she illustrated with drawings in colored inks, pencil and watercolor.

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1. PHOTO OF ARTIST’S DIARY The final entry in her diary near the time of her death shows a black, winged angel -- perhaps the angel of death. And Frida wrote: “I hope the exit is joyful -- and I hope never to come back -- Frida.” What do you think she meant by this statement? (ANSWERS WILL VARY) The fact is that Frida Kahlo loved the joys of life, but her life was so difficult, both physically and emotionally, that she did not want to “come back.” We’ll see how her paintings tell of her extraordinary life. Her paintings are like a diary. Let’s look at a photograph of Frida when she was a little girl.

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2. PHOTO OF ARTIST - AGE 3 Frida was born in Mexico in a small town outside of Mexico City, the capital of Mexico. Her mother was Mexican. Her father was of German descent. He had immigrated to Mexico as a young man. Frida’s father was a professional photographer and took this picture of Frida at age three. Frida had three sisters. Her father seemed to have a special love for Frida. She was full of energy and very smart. He said of her, “She is the most like me.” When Frida caught polio at the age of six, her father helped her to recover by encouraging her to exercise and take part in sports activities. The polio left one leg weak, and it never grew properly. Children today do not get polio, because a vaccine is now available. She started elementary school late because of the polio, but she excelled enough to eventually qualify

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FRIDA KAHLO – AGES 10 – ADULT | ONLINE EDITION

to attend the best high school in Mexico City. On her own, she started to study art history, and she took some art classes. But then, a terrible accident changed her life forever. In September of 1925, when she was only eighteen, Frida was riding in a bus, which was hit by a streetcar. She almost died from her injuries. Tragically, a pole went through her stomach area as she was thrown from the bus. When the rescue workers came to help all the injured passengers, they ignored her, because they thought she was already dead. She lay on the street with the pole inside her for almost an hour before someone noticed she was still breathing. Then they rushed her to the hospital where she managed to survive. After several months of being confined to bed, she began to paint. Now you’ll see a memory she painted four years after the accident. See if you can find Frida among the people.

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3. THE BUS In this painting, we see a wide variety of people sitting on a bus -- from a businessman with his money bag to a barefoot mother, holding her baby wrapped in an orange REBOZO (ray-BO-zo) or shawl. (POINT OUT) Do you see a person who might be Frida? (THE YOUNG GIRL AT THE FAR RIGHT) Frida Kahlo remained a partial invalid throughout her life. She went on to have at least thirty-two corrective surgeries on her broken spine and right leg and foot over the next twenty-nine years of her life. After some operations, she wore a plaster body cast and was immobilized for weeks and could move only her arms and hands. She sometimes had to paint while lying down in bed. Her lifetime of paintings reflect the small triumphs and the great pain of her attempts to recover her health. And to her great sadness, she would never be able to have children. When she was well enough, Frida began to show her paintings to other artists. One of these artists was Diego Rivera (dee-AY-go ree-VAIR-ah), who liked her work and fell in love with Frida. They married when she was just twenty-two years old. Frida’s father was not happy about the marriage. He said it was like an elephant marrying a dove. Why would he say that? Well, here is the wedding portrait that Frida painted of herself and Diego Rivera. - Click Next To Change Slide 4. FRIDA AND DIEGO Who is the “elephant?” (DIEGO) Why? (HE IS BIG/FAT) Who is the “dove?” (FRIDA) Why? (SHE LOOKS LIKE SHE IS FLOATING LIKE THE DOVE ABOVE HER HEAD, HER EYEBROWS LIKE WINGS OF A DOVE) Diego Rivera was over six feet tall and weighed over 300 pounds. And tiny Frida adored him. After her marriage to Diego, she emphasized traditional Mexican culture in everything she did. She decorated their home

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FRIDA KAHLO – AGES 10 – ADULT | ONLINE EDITION

with Mexican art and wore traditional Mexican clothing like Tehuana (tay-HWAH-nah) dresses, shawls, and jewelry. Let’s see how many details we can discover that show she was very proud of her Mexican HERITAGE. Let’s also discover her language and learn some of the Spanish words for the things we see painted here.

Braided hair & ribbons: La Trenza (lah TREN-zuh) Dress: El Vestido (el ves-TEE-doe) Necklace: El Collar (el koh-LAHR) Shoes: Los Zapatos (los za-Pah-tohs) Shawl: El Rebozo (el ray-BO-zo)

Let’s enjoy the beauty and pride in the Spanish language as Frida did and pronounce these words together. (REVIEW WORDS ABOVE) Now, let’s turn our attention to Diego, her husband. What is Diego Rivera wearing? (DARK BLUE SUIT, LIGHT BLUE SHIRT AND LARGE BELT WITH BROWN SHOES) Rivera is wearing American-style clothes. He holds his palette and brushes in his right hand, while his left hand delicately supports Frida’s hand. She portrays him as the artist, not herself. Why? (SHE LIVED TO SUPPORT HIM; SHE THOUGHT HE WAS A BETTER ARTIST; THIS WAS HIS PROFESSION; MEN WERE ARTISTS)

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5. PHOTO OF FRIDA KAHLO After she married Diego, Frida traveled extensively in the United States and Europe. Diego Rivera was a famous mural painter who was in great demand. What is a MURAL? (PAINTING DONE ON A WALL OR CEILING, INSIDE OR OUTSIDE BUILDINGS) They lived for many months in San Francisco, New York, and Detroit while Diego worked on his murals. Frida walked the streets of these cities proudly wearing her Mexican dress. She would create quite a sensation as heads turned to stare at this attractive woman wearing such colorful dress. But Frida missed Mexico when they were in the United States. She showed how much in the next painting. - Click Next To Change Slide 6. SELF-PORTRAIT ON THE BORDER She is standing on the border between the two countries. What is she holding? (MEXICAN FLAG AND CIGARETTE) People were not aware yet during her lifetime of the negative affects of smoking. Does she make the United States’ side look like a desirable place to live? (NO)

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FRIDA KAHLO – AGES 10 – ADULT | ONLINE EDITION

On the right side, in a narrow space, is her vision of the U.S. The flag is barely visible through the smoke belching out of the factory. Skyscrapers and machines, robot-like people, dominate the landscape. In the foreground, three machines radiate light and energy. All of them have electrical cords, one of which is plugged into Frida’s pedestal/stand. Does this seem like a pleasant place to live? (NOT TO FRIDA) What about the Mexico side? Notice how Frida has painted herself with her head turned toward the Mexico side of the painting. What do you see on the left? (ANSWERS WILL VARY) The Mexican side shows the sun shining its life-giving rays on the beautiful land and plants. She was proud of Mexico’s Indian history and painted an Aztec pyramid temple and some ancient sculptures. That kind of art is called PRE-COLUMBIAN, because it was made by the native civilizations before Christopher Columbus and other explorers discovered the New World. This painting shows us that Mexico represented life to Frida, and she longed to return. Did she show this longing in a dramatic, creative way? (YES)

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7. PHOTO OF CASA AZUL (KAH-suh ah-ZOOL) Frida and Diego had quite a large collection of PRE-COLUMBIAN ART. They had sculptures all over the garden and house of Casa Azul, where Frida was born and lived most of her life. Can you translate Casa Azul? (BLUE HOUSE) It is now a museum and the house is still painted in the same bright blue. - Click Next To Change Slide 8. PHOTO OF FRIDA AND DIEGO AT CASA AZUL Today their collection of PRE-COLUMBIAN ART would be very valuable and would probably be displayed under glass in a museum to preserve it. Notice all the pieces just sitting outside! They also had a fun collection of animals: spider monkeys, parrots, a deer, and dogs. Can you see what Diego is holding? (MONKEY) As time went on, Frida’s relationship with Diego Rivera was strained, and they eventually divorced but were later remarried. She began painting more and more to fill the empty place in her heart. More than half of her paintings were SELF-PORTRAITS that reflect the physical and emotional pain of her life. She was asked why she painted herself so often. Listen to how she responded.

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“Porque estoy muy sola, which means because I am all alone.”

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FRIDA KAHLO – AGES 10 – ADULT | ONLINE EDITION

End Of Audio – Continue Reading

But she wasn’t all alone. She had her pets and often included them in her SELF-PORTRAITS. Guess what pet we’re going to see next. (RESPONSE)

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9. SELF PORTRAIT WITH MONKEY She and her pet spider monkey look at us cautiously. A red ribbon which she braided into her hair falls in loops around her neck and over to the monkey. Why do you think she wound the ribbon around herself and the monkey? (CONNECTS HER TO HER MONKEY) The monkey is like her child. Where do you see TEXTURE in this painting? (MONKEY’S FUR, HER HAIR, CLOTHING, LEAVES) Notice all the lines she painted to create the TEXTURE so we can feel it with our eyes, since we can’t feel it with our hands. Does Frida look happy? (NO) In this self-portrait, she looks intently at us. What is unusual about her eyebrows? (HEAVY AND MEET ABOVE HER NOSE) The shape of her eyebrows reminded her of a pet she liked. What could that be? (BIRD IN FLIGHT) The BACKGROUND of this painting is made up of jungle-like dark green leaves, spread out in a flat pattern across the canvas. For Frida leaves were a symbol for life, which was a constant struggle because of her poor health. You will see more leaves in the next portrait of Mariana Morillo (MA-ree-a-na mo-REE-yo), a friend’s daughter.

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10. MARIANA MORILLO Did you expect to see so many leaves? They are even on her dress and hair bow! Mariana is young and has her whole life ahead of her, so Frida painted a lot of leaves. Even though she had no children of her own she shared her love of her heritage and art by teaching classes to children in Mexico City. She taught her students to be proud of their heritage. They studied, sang Mexican songs, and laughed together. Her students were required to read about the history of art, and they went to the museum to sketch Pre-Columbian works of art. She did all this despite her lifelong struggle with poor health. One of the things the children enjoyed studying was a Mexican-style painting called a retablo (ray-TAH-blow). - Click Next To Change Slide 11. RETABLO Retablos are small, religious paintings done by Mexican artists on small sheets of tin. The artist painted a picture and often wrote words describing the picture on the lower edge of

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FRIDA KAHLO – AGES 10 – ADULT | ONLINE EDITION

the painting. Retablos were intended as offerings of thanks to a holy person such as a saint, for their protection or help. In this example of a retablo, what do you think is happening? (ILL PERSON IN BED) We know from the words at the bottom of the painting that the ill man recovered from a severe fever and is giving thanks for his health. These retablo words are an important part of understanding the pictures. Frida made many of her self-portraits look like retablos by adding words. What sad experiences in her life could she paint into retablos? (POLIO, BUS ACCIDENT, DIVORCE) Let’s continue to read Frida’s visual diary with her self-portrait at age thirty-seven. She painted this seven years after her self-portrait with her pet monkey. Will she look any different? - Click Next To Change Slide 12. SELF-PORTRAIT WITH LOOSE HAIR How is this self-portrait different? (HER HAIR HANGS DOWN; IT IS NOT BRAIDED OR DECORATED) Can you tell from this self-portrait that her health is fading? She stares out at us with a mask-like determination. How is this like a retablo? (WORDS AT BOTTOM) Let’s listen to what she wrote.

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Aquí me pinte yo, Frida Kahlo, con la imagen del espejo. Tengo 37 anos y es el mes de Julio de mil novecientos cuarenta y siete. En Coyoacan, Mexico, lugar donde nací. The translation from Spanish is: Here I painted myself, Frida Kahlo, in a reflection from a mirror. I am thirty-seven years old, and it is July 1946, in Coyoacan, Mexico, where I was born.

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Can you tell where she is? What is in the background? (STONY, VOLCANIC GROUND NEAR CASA AZUL IN COYOACAN (coh-yo-kahn), MEXICO)

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13. STILL LIFE WITH PARROT What do we call this kind of painting of things that don’t move? (STILL LIFE) Frida spent the last few years of her life having to lie in bed because of her spinal problems that began with the bus accident. She began to paint still life paintings rather than self-portraits. Why do you think she painted still life instead of self-portraits at this time? (IT WAS EASIER TO PAINT A STILL LIFE WHILE IN BED. SHE LOOKED ILL AND DID NOT WANT TO SHOW HERSELF THAT WAY. SHE NORMALLY PAINTED A SELF-PORTRAIT BY LOOKING IN A MIRROR, BUT COULDN’T BEAR TO LOOK AT HERSELF.) A helper

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FRIDA KAHLO – AGES 10 – ADULT | ONLINE EDITION

would arrange the colorful fruit on a table, and Frida would paint the STILL LIFE while lying flat in her bed. Do you think it would be hard to paint that way? (YES) Frida’s STILL LIFE paintings are full of life. She often included a favorite pet. Sitting behind the fruit in this still life is her favorite parrot. His name was Bonito (bo-NEE-toe). Do you know what that means in Spanish? (PRETTY) Do you think Bonito might have enjoyed eating some of that fruit while sitting on the table? (YES!) The way an artist arranges things in a painting is called COMPOSITION. In a STILL LIFE painting, the artist can create his or her own original COMPOSITION by placing the items however they want. Can you think of a different way to arrange the fruit and bird in this painting? (ANSWERS WILL VARY) Notice how Frida painted the fruit so that it’s close together and OVERLAPPING. Let’s see if she did the same thing in the next STILL LIFE.

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14. STILL LIFE WITH PINEAPPLE Do you recognize some of the tropical fruit? (PINEAPPLE, WATERMELON, PAPAYA WITH BLACK SEEDS, COCONUTS, SMALL RED BANANAS, AVOCADOS) There is so much delicious fruit to enjoy that you might miss two other things. What are they? (SMALL OWL, DOLL IN WHITE DRESS) Where does TEXTURE really stand out in this painting? (BIRD FEATHERS, BUMPY SKIN OF PINEAPPLE)

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15. STILL LIFE: VIVA LA VIDA (VEE-vah lah VEE-duh) What is the only fruit in this still life? (WATERMELON) Frida made it look interesting by making them all different shapes and sizes. She liked to add writing to these paintings just like she did in her retablo-style self-portraits. Sometimes she painted a small Mexican flag with its colors of red, green, and white stuck in the fruit with a toothpick. Just eight days before her death in July of 1954, Frida Kahlo finished this last still life painting and painted the words Viva la Vida (Hurray for Life) right on the watermelon. She was celebrating life, knowing that her own life was coming to an end. She died at the young age of forty-seven years old but left a collection of great paintings. They are like a diary that reflects her love of her Mexican heritage and her unusual life. Today she is considered one of the greatest painters Mexico has ever produced.

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FRIDA KAHLO – AGES 10 – ADULT | ONLINE EDITION

REVIEW GAME ANSWERS

1. Where was Frida born? MEXICO 2. From what illness did she suffer as a child? POLIO 3. What accident caused her to have many surgeries?BUS 4. Who was Frida’s famous husband? DIEGO RIVERA 5. What unusual pets did she keep? MONKEY & PARROT 6. What kind of paintings did she do towards the end STILL LIFE of her life? 7. What did she paint that represent life? LEAVES 8. How did she show pride in her heritage? ALL OF THE ABOVE 9. What is a retablo? PAINTING ON METAL BY

MEXICAN ARTIST 10. What was her response when asked, “PORQUE ESTOY MUY SOLA.” - “Why do you paint yourself so often?” “BECAUSE I AM ALL ALONE.”

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FRIDA KAHLO – AGES 10 – ADULT | ONLINE EDITION

Step 2 - Learning From: Frida Kahlo Drawing Lines and Shapes The first step to good drawing is learning to look closely with your eyes. Looking carefully, study each line and copy it with a pencil or fine marker in the empty square below it.

Using a pencil or marker, draw the simple lines to form one of Kahlo’s favorite pets, her parrot, Bonito. Bonito means ‘pretty’ in Spanish. Look carefully at each line, and let it fill the space.

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FRIDA KAHLO – AGES 10 – ADULT | ONLINE EDITION

Fruit Shapes Kahlo loved the shapes of fruit, and she often painted them both whole and cut open in her still life paintings. Try drawing the whole and cut shapes below. Remember to study the lines with your eyes, and let the shapes fill the space.

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FRIDA KAHLO – AGES 10 – ADULT | ONLINE EDITION

Save this page for your art project

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FRIDA KAHLO – AGES 10 – ADULT | ONLINE EDITION

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Step 3 - Working With: Art Activity Instructions ARTIST Frida Kahlo (free-duh KAH-loe) (1907-1954) Mexican ART ELEMENTS Line, texture and color MEDIA Paper and oil pastels EMPHASIS Creative still life with line and color

VOCABULARY Mexican heritage, still life, line, color, texture VISUALS Print: Still Life with Parrot SUGGESTED MUSIC Music of Mexico

MATERIALS FOR INSTRUCTOR AND CHILDREN

One 10” x 14” construction paper (red, green or blue) One 12” x 18” black construction paper Artist profile slip Box of oil pastels Pencil Scissors Glue Learning Packet with bird and fruit line drawing Completed inscription from Learning Packet

PREPARATION Place the Kahlo print where it can be easily seen. Place your 10” x 14” paper (red, green or blue) on your workspace, vertically or horizontally. Position the bird line drawing next to your colored paper with the oil pastels close by for demonstration. Have scissors and glue, and an extra art packet ready with inscription completed. SET-UP [ 5 minutes ] Distribute the following materials to each child:

SUPPLIES: Oil pastels PAPER: Red, green or blue construction paper (use different colors if you have more than one child), one black piece of construction paper, and one artist profile slip

ORIENTATION [ 5 minutes ] Kahlo was very proud of her heritage and loved the culture of what country? (MEXICO) She

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FRIDA KAHLO – AGES 10 – ADULT | ONLINE EDITION

was a master of composition with her interesting subject matter. What did she choose to paint? (SELF-PORTRAITS, FRUIT, BIRDS, MONKEYS, PLANTS, ETC.) Her paintings told the story of her life. Some included an inscription, or a few describing words. These inscriptions were inspired by Mexican retablos. (Retablos were small paintings on tin, with words on the bottom giving thanks.) Today we will use Kahlo’s love of birds, fruit and plants to create a still life using her intense colors and interesting textures. We will also add our own inscription in the spirit of Kahlo’s tradition.

DEMONSTRATION AND ACTIVITY Have the students repeat each step immediately with their materials. ORGANIZE YOUR WORK AREA [ 3 minutes ] 1. Place your 12” x 18” colored paper in front of you either horizontally or vertically. 2. Set your bird and fruit line drawing next to your colored paper. 3. Have your inscription nearby. 4. Put your pencil, glue, scissors, oil pastels, and artist profile slip to the top of your workspace. CREATING YOUR STILL LIFE [ 15 minutes ] (The instructor will need to demonstrate with a dark pastel so students can see. Emphasize that the line drawing is merely a starting point or idea for their still life.) 1. Carefully study the birds and fruits in the line drawing, and select a bird and about three fruits for ideas for your still life. 2. Begin with the eye. Have the students point to the place on the paper where they plan to start, so they can make adjustments before drawing. Explain that they will need enough room for the bird’s body and a long tail with several pieces of fruit. (It is fine if the tail needs to go off the page, or be covered later.) 3. Using your pencil, make a dot for the center of the eye anywhere you want on the paper, leaving room for the body, tail and feet. Draw a circle around the eye or eyes to make the outside rim. 4. Really study the lines of the beak. Draw simple lines for the beak. 5. Draw the curved line of the head, and complete the simple lines of the bird of your choice. Use one of the birds pictured, or just use one as a starting point or idea for your own bird.

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FRIDA KAHLO – AGES 10 – ADULT | ONLINE EDITION

6. Balance your still life by adding about three fruits. Some could be cut open, and some could remain whole. 7. Finish filling and balancing your artwork by adding a few curving vines and interesting leaves. Remember Kahlo often used plants to fill her backgrounds, but try to leave some negative space (interesting blank area around shapes). ADDING COLOR AND TEXTURE WITH OIL PASTELS [ 15 minutes ] 1. Review and demonstrate the textures of feathers, fruit and leaves from the Learning Packet. 2. Let the students begin by outlining their shapes in various colors. 3. Have the students build layers of color and texture with their pastels. A variety of color, along with layers of pastel, helps to add depth. 4. Pick a light source, and add highlights with white, yellow or peach and shadows with blue or black (lightly!). MOUNTING YOUR STILL LIFE AND INSCRIPTION [ 7 minutes ] 1. Apply a small outline of glue to the back of your colored 10” x 14” paper. 2. Center and mount your colored paper within the black 12” x 18” construction paper, leaving an extra inch at the bottom for your inscription. 3. Cut out, center, and glue your inscription below your picture on your black framing paper. MOUNTING THE ARTIST PROFILE SLIP [ 2 minutes ] (Profile slips for each artist are provided. They give a brief description of the artist, the technique, and the media used in the art activity. They should be mounted on the back of each art project after it is completed.) 1. Write your name on the front of the artist profile slip. 2. Using glue, mount the profile slip on the back of your artwork. 3. Encourage students to discuss their artwork with others using this artist slip of information.

CONCLUSION SUGGESTIONS Review vocabulary words while complimenting the children on their artwork. Review master artist’s name and country. End with, “Adios muchachos y muchachas, hasta la vista!” (Goodbye boys and girls, until we meet again!)

THIS CONCLUDES THE FRIDA KAHLO UNIT.

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