STEM CELLS FOR DENTAL TISSUE ENGINEERING

By Sherly George MSc Biomedical ScienceManchester Metropolitan University

Stem CellsStem cells:

Undifferentiated cells Develop into differentiated cells

with distinctive features and functions

Ameloblasts Odontoblasts

Enamel dentin

Christopherson and Nesti Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2011

Dental tissue formation

Tooth anatomy

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TYPES OF DENTAL STEM CELLS

• Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs)

• Stem cells from human exfoliated

deciduous teeth (SHEDs)

• Periodontal Ligament (PDLSCs)

• Dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs)

• Apical papilla (SCAPs)

Adapted from http://ww.bioscience.org.

Dental pulp stem cells

• Multipotent cells

• High proliferation rates

• Accessibility

• Generate dentin complex

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Loss of tooth

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dental caries

periodotitis

traumatic injury

Pathological syndrome

Key elements of dental tissue engineering

scaffold

Stem cells

Growth factors

Scaffolds

• Cell attachment & migration

• Permit delivery of growth factors

• Enable influx of oxygen

• Porosity is critical

• Degradation is fundamental

• Should not be toxic

• Ceramics, natural or synthetic

polymers

SCAFFOLDS

collagen

Hydroxyapatite 3Dhydrogel

Porous ceramics

Growth factors (GF)

• Soluble proteins

• Signaling molecules for cells

• Cell division, tissue differentiation

• Regulate odontogenesis

Bone morphogenic GF

Transforming GF

Fibroblast GF

Application of dental stem cells

Dental Pulp SC -Generate bone, dentin complex

-Repair damaged dental tissues

-Induce bone regeneration

Periodontal ligament SC

-Form cementum & alveolar bone

-Cures periodontal lesions in pig

Dental follicle SC -Forms cementum in vivo

SC from apical papilla -Osteoblasts & odondoblasts

-Regenerative endodontic therapy

Advantage of dental stem cells

• New promising therapeutic approach

• Great potential for discovering new treatments & cure

• Can regenerate a damaged tooth

• Differentiate -connective, neural, muscle, bone & dental

tissue

• Repair bone damaged by disease or trauma

Disadvantage

More research required

DFSCs and SCAPs isolation: needs 3rd molar

Use of embryonic stem cells

Not ethical, not easily applicable

Expensive

REFERENCES

• CAVENDER, A. C., APOS, ASOUZA, R. N., GALLER, K. M., KOEKLUE, U., SCHMALZ, G. & SUGGS, L. J. 2011. Bioengineering of dental stem cells in a PEGylated fibrin gel. Regenerative Medicine.

• LYMPERI, S., LIGOUDISTIANOU, C., TARASLIA, V., KONTAKIOTIS, E. & ANASTASIADOU, E. 2013. Dental Stem Cells and their Applications in Dental Tissue Engineering. The open dentistry journal.

• ROSA, V., DELLA BONA, A., CAVALCANTI, B. N. & NÖR, J. E. 2012. Tissue engineering: from research to dental clinics. Dental Materials, 28, 341-348.

• MORAD, G., KHEIRI, L. & KHOJASTEH, A. 2013. Dental pulp stem cells for in vivo bone regeneration: A systematic review of literature. Archives of Oral Biology, 58, 1818-1827

• Barbara, Zavan, et al. "Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Strategies for Clinical Application on Odontoiatric Field." (2011).

• Malhotra, Neeraj, and Kundabala Mala. "Regenerative endodontics as a tissue engineering approach: Past, current and future." Australian Endodontic Journal38.3 (2012): 137-148.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed https://www.google.com/

Thank you