Stelle di neutroni isolate Le specie. I mostri. · Stelle di neutroni isolate Le specie. I mostri....
Transcript of Stelle di neutroni isolate Le specie. I mostri. · Stelle di neutroni isolate Le specie. I mostri....
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Stelle di neutroni isolateLe specie. I mostri.
Andrea De Luca
Astrosiesta 6 dicembre 2007
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Basic picture:
INSs are born as fast spinning (few ms) radio PSRs
PSRs spin down because of dipole radiation
From young (energetic) to old (faint) PSRs
Crab paradigma
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Isolated Neutron Stars
RadioloudRadio
transient Radioquiet
PSRs RRaTs AXPs SGRs XDINSs CCOs
rotation Magnetic field Cooling ?
Different formation conditions different populations?
One population evolves into another ?
High energy steady
High energy highly variable,
burstsBursts?!
High energy steady
1 variable 1 variable
High energy steady
High B
Parttime
> 1800 11 10 4 7+1 7
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Any evolution of species ?100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
…
INS
age
(y)
PSRs
SN1987A
RRaTs
AXPs
SGRs
XDINSs
CCOs
In SNRs within 5 kpc
~11 PSRs (8 + 3 PWN)
6 CCOs
1 AXP
A 1000 y old INSmay manifest as
a PSRa CCOan AXP
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What are CCOs?
1E 1207.45259 in G296.5+10.0
P=424 ms
CXOU 185238.6+004020 = PSR J1852+0040 in Kes 79
P=105 ms
2 CCOs arebornslow INSs, with low dipole Bfield
“antimagnetars”
Pdot < 2×1016 s/s
Erot < 7×1033 erg/s
> 8 My B < 1.5×10τ 11 G(Halpern et al. 2007)
Pdot < 2×1016 s/s
Erot < 1.3 ×1032 erg/s
τ > 27 My B < 3×1011 G(Gotthelf & Halpern 2007)
τ exceeds age of SNR by a factor > 1000
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Unique spectrum of 1E1207
?
0.7 keV 1.4 keV 2.1 keV
Multiple absorption lines
LowB scenario consistent with interpretation as e cyclotron features
De Luca et al. 2004
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Other CCOs: three tests Cas A Orich SNR
Pup A Orich SNR
Vela Jr. (nonthermal SNR) G347.30.5 (nonthermal SNR)
IROptical: FK/FX< 1.7×103 Fesen et al.2006
Not pulsating PF<13% Mereghetti et al. 2002
Currenly not variable (<few %) Fesen et al.2006
Violent flare ~50 years ago ?!? Krause et al. 2005
IROptical: VLT data just received
pulsating ?!? P~220 ms, PF~5%, Pdot? Hui & Becker, 2005
Not variable (<few%) Becker & Hui 2005
H nebulaα – IR source FK/FX~5×104 Pellizzoni et al. 2002 – Mignani et al. 2007
Not pulsating PF<8% De Luca et al., 2007b
Not variable (<few%) De Luca et al., 2007b
IROptical: FK/FX< 3.3×104
Not pulsating PF<7%
Not variable (<few%)
(De Luca et al., 2007b)
Magne
tar ?
LowB
or
magne
tar ??
LowB
or
magne
tar ??
LowB
or
magne
tar ??
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Variable. Longperiod? An anomalous CCO Gotthelf et al.1999; Garmire et al.2000; Sanwal et
al.2002
Monstrum: 1E16135055 in RCW103
Historically, the first case
XMMNewton
Active state
Low state
De Luca et al. 2006
P=6.67 h
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A deep look in the IR
VLT/NACO Ks
De Luca et al. 2007
Src a Ks~19.7
Srcs af:No 6.67 modulation
No longterm variabilityColors = reddened bkg stars
u.l. Ks > 22.1
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Young binary pictures
Optical/IR data allow for a M6M8 companion
1) 6.67 hr periodicity: orbital period
First LMXB in a SNR !
1E very different from standard LMXBs
“Double” accretion process ? (low B, slow P) (De Luca et al.2006)
(but: old systems)
A 2 ky old compact object + a noncollapsed star
2) 6.67 hr periodicity: spin period of the NS
Analog of Polar/Intermediate Polar featuring a magnetar
Xrays: accretion
Xrays: magnetar emission (+ accretion ?)
1015 G Bfield required to brake NS (Pizzolato et al.2007)
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Isolated object scenario
A BH
A freely precessing NS
A normal INS very slow at birth
A “braked” magnetar ?!?
No viable explanations to
periodicity and/or longterm evolution
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1E1613 as an isolated magnetar
Variations in flux & spectrum: ok
Spectral shape & luminosity: ok
Variations in pulse shape & pulsed fraction: ok
But AXPs & SGRs have P~212 s
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Quenching the rotation of a magnetar
Propeller effect by a SN debris disc (Chatterjee et al., 2000;
Francischelli et al., 2002)
P0 0.3 s
P=6.67 hr@ t = 2 ky
1) magnetar Bfield origin ?
SN debris discs do exist !
(Wang et al., 2006)
B=5×1015 G ; M=5×105 Msun
2) Spin history dominated by SN fallback
¿
Other “braked” INSs ?
But see Li (2007)
De Luca et al.2006
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SN explosion
1014 GFast(?) rotating
1012 GFast rotating
1010 Gslowly rotating
1015 Gslowly rotating
PSRsBraked magnetar AXPs/SGRs CCOsAntimagnetar
Cas A ?
SN1987A ?
XDINSs
RRaTsInvisible INS
Old PSRs
?
Invisible INS
100 y
103 y
105 y
106 y
107 y
?