Steel, CO2 mitigation, CCS and ULCOS · mitigation, CCS and ULCOS Ultra-Low CO 2 Steelmaking...
Transcript of Steel, CO2 mitigation, CCS and ULCOS · mitigation, CCS and ULCOS Ultra-Low CO 2 Steelmaking...
OECD Steel Committee, Paris, 5-6 Decemer 2011 1
Steel, CO2 mitigation, CCS and ULCOS
Ultra-Low CO2 Steelmaking
Jean-Pierre BIRAT, ArcelorMittal
OECD Steel Committee
Paris, 5-6 December 2011
OECD Steel Committee, Paris, 5-6 Decemer 2011 2
Steel & CO2
• Steel produces about 5% of the world anthropogenic CO2 emissions (3-8%)
• 70% of steel is produced, today, in integrated steel mills, 30% in EAF mills (recycled steel=scrap, circular economy)
• integrated mills (IM) use coal (coke) as a reducing agent and transform it into CO2, when it scavenges metallic iron from iron ore in a Blast Furnace. "Ironmaking" accounts for roughly 80% of emissions in an IM and is thus “the” process that needs to be made carbon-lean.
• Steel simply cannot use technologies developed by other sectors: it had to develop its own solutions.
• Thus, to investigate, select and eventually develop them from scratch, the steel sector in Europe launched a common initiative called ULCOS.
OECD Steel Committee, Paris, 5-6 Decemer 2011 3
The ULCOS approach
• the ULCOS approach was developed in the early 2000s and
implemented in a major EU program in 2004:
– from a broad panel of potential production routes (80), select those
which can deliver a credible cut in emissions of 50% or more
– carry out this selection process inside the ULCOS consortium
– choose the most realistic solutions and scale them up within the
same consortium
– the scale up process is now called ULCOS II
• ULCOS has been the largest and most comprehensive effort in the
Steel sector all over the world to identify and practically develop
carbon-lean production routes. The 80 routes have been studied in
great detail, to the level of other publications in the field.
OECD Steel Committee, Paris, 5-6 Decemer 2011 4
Consortium
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Coal & sustainable biomass Natural gas Electricity
Revamped BF Greenfield Revamped DR or
greenfield
Greenfield
ULCOS-BF HIsarna ULCORED ULCOWIN
ULCOLYSIS
Pilot tests (1.5 t/h)
Demonstration
under way
Pilot plant (8 t/h)
started up in May2011
Pilot plant (1 t/h) to be
erected in 2013?
Laboratory
The 4 short-listed process routes
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CO2
CO O2
Underground
storage of CO2
0.8 t/tsteel
-100 kg coke/tsteel
CO2 emissions of the steel plant: - 60%
Full CCS demonstator,
filed as an NER-300 proposal
ULCOS-BF (TGR + CCS)
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iron
Iron ore
Coal
Oxygen
Oxygen
CCF cyclone
(CORUS)
Smelter
(HIsmelt)
CCS
Ijmuiden pilot
Strated up in 5/2011
HIsarna, smelting reduction
OECD Steel Committee, Paris, 5-6 Decemer 2011 8
HIsarna, smelting reduction
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• alkaline electrolyte with
dispersed hematite particles
• 3.5 kg samples of pure iron
• targets: 3 MWh/t, 90% Faradic
yield
• 0.1 A/m2, 1.8 V (target: 1.6)
• electrode materials identified
• inert anode
electrowinning cell
ULCOWIN
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1550°C
ULCOLYSIS
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0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
BBF
BBF+C
CS(P
P)
TGR-B
F V4
HIS
ARNA
HIS
ARNA+C
CS
HIS
ARNA+E
AF
HIS
ARNA+C
CS+E
AF
MID
REX
MID
REX+C
CS
ULC
ORED
ULC
OW
IN
ULC
OLY
SIS
GJ
/t H
RC
Coals, oil and other C-rich sources Natural gas and biomass gas Electricity and energy vectors (steam, H2)
10-20% reduction vs. benchmark BF
-2,0
-1,5
-1,0
-0,5
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
BBF
BBF+C
CS(P
P)
TGR-B
F V4
HIS
ARNA
HIS
ARNA+C
CS
HIS
ARNA+E
AF
HIS
ARNA+C
CS+E
AF
MID
REX
MID
REX+C
CS
ULC
ORED
ULC
OW
IN
ULC
OLY
SIS
t C
O2/t
HR
C
Scope 1 Scope 2 CO2 captured
> 50% reduction vs. benchmark BF
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
BB
F
BB
F+
CC
S(P
P)
TG
RB
F V
4
HIS
AR
NA
HIS
AR
NA
+E
AF
HIS
AR
NA
+C
CS
HIS
AR
NA
+C
CS
+E
AF
UL
CO
RE
D
MID
RE
X
MID
RE
X +
CC
S
UL
CO
WIN
UL
CO
LY
SIS
CO2 release
Raw material and energy
Fix
still a "regret" solution vs. benchmark BF
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
80,0
90,0
100,0
BB
F
BB
F+
CC
S(P
P)
TG
R-B
F V
4
HIS
AR
NA
HIS
AR
NA
+C
CS
HIS
AR
NA
+EA
F
HIS
+C
CS+
EA
F
MID
REX
MID
REX+
CC
S
ULC
OR
ED
ULC
OW
IN
ULC
OLYSIS
2010
index
Cost of avoided CO2 = 1/2 end-of-pipe CCS
Performance of ULCOS routes
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CCS in ULCOS is an original process…
• CCS applied to Steel production cuts CO2 emissions (> 50%) but
also energy input (-25% coke consumption for ULCOS-BF)
• CSC also improves productivity (20-30% for ULCOS-BF)
• … and cuts CO2 abatement cost by half compared to an end-of-pipe
solution
• in the steel case, the CAPTURE part of CCS is an original concept
(in-process capture), which does not have much in common with
power-plant solutions; the STORAGE part might also be substantially
different
• in the Steel sector, CCS will not be a bridging technology… at least
for the next 50/100 years
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The future…
• ULCOS-BF demonstrator to be built and started up within 5 years
• the demonstrator has to operate for at least 10 years (NER-300)
• industrial deployment, based on "technological realism" (feasibility),
might start in the 2020s
• … but, beyond these technological issues, there remains many
political and economic issues, which will have to be tackled at the
appropriate geopolitical scale
• parallel to ULCOS-BF, we have been developing a line of ULCOS
solutions, targeted at the world more than at Europe, which ought to
reach maturity with a delay (5 to 20 years) compared to ULCOS-BF
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Electrolysis cell
PV cell
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• Part of the work reported here has been supported by grants of the
EU from the 6FP and RFCS programs, as well as by ADEME and
ANR, France