TYPES OF INFERTILITY PRIMARY INFERTILITY SECONDARY INFERTILITY.
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![Page 1: STD Services in Detention in Los Angeles County Melina R. Boudov, MA Project Director LA County Infertility Prevention Project mboudov@ladhs.org.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649d195503460f949ee7c0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
STD Services in Detention in Los Angeles CountyMelina R. Boudov, MA
Project Director
LA County Infertility Prevention Project
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Detention: excellent opportunity for STD Control and Prevention
High risk population – “core transmitters” “Screening” vs. “testing” Always some form of medical intake Technological advances
Non-invasive and minimally invasive tests (urine and blood)
Rapid TAT Single dose treatment
“Captive” population for follow-up and Rx
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Detention: challenges for STD Control and Prevention “Total” institution
Dynamic competing priorities confidentiality
Staff Security training
Clients Complex issues Follow-up
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Juvenile Detention:
CDC recommendsCT and GC screening for all females in
juvenile detention Targeted CT screening for high risk
women in non-traditional settings Need to maximize use of limited
resources – evidence-based programs
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Challenges in STD Care in Juvenile Detention Confidentiality Staff
ProbationHealth
ClientsComplex needs –adolescence, high riskHighly transient
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STD Screening at LAC Juvenile Hall: Background LAC screening females in Juvenile Hall
since 1996 as part of CDC’s STD Jail Prevalence Monitoring Project
Males and females tested at medical intake
Consistently high rates of CT and GC
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STD Screening at LAC Juvenile Hall: Background Excellent treatment rates Enhanced follow-up for females testing
positive through Project YES!STD case managementPartner servicesIntensive individualized health educationReferralNationally recognized model
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Setting: LAC Juvenile Hall
Approximately 23,000 youth per year incarcerated
~20% female Three facilities – Central, Los Padrinos
and Barry J. Nidorf Juvenile Halls
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Setting: Delivery of Care
LAC Juvenile Court Health Services provides all medical care at LAC Juvenile Halls
LAC Department of Probation LAC STD Program and LACIPP
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Chlamydia Testing and Prevalence at LAC Juvenile Halls by Gender, 2003
17,551
817
4,232
583
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
Males Females
Total # testedTotal # positive
(4.7%) (13.8%)
#
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JH CT PREVALENCE AMONG MALES, BY RACE/ETHNICITY, 2003n=817
7.9%
3.0%1.8%
3.7%3.8%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
AfricanAmerican
White Asian/PI Hispanic Unk/Other
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JH CT PREVALENCE AMONG FEMALES, BY RACE/ETHNICITY, 2003n=583
17.1%
11.1%9.9%
12.7%13.1%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
AfricanAmerican
White Asian/PI Hispanic Unk/Other
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CHLAMYDIA PREVALENCE AMONG PREGNANT JH CLIENTS, 2003
140
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
NUMBER OFPREGNANTCLIENTSNUMBER POSITIVEFOR CHLAMYDIA
35 (28.6%)
Number of clients
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Chlamydia Prevalence by Age Among Females, LAC Juvenile Hall, 2003 number screened=4,232 number cases=583
0% 0%
5%
12% 13%15% 16%
13% 14%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Age
(2)1 (24) (133) (420)
*
* Percent positive1 Total number screened
(810) (1,060) (1,077) (636) (57)
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Adult Detention:LAC Twin Towers Jail Background
1999 prevalence study indicated high CT rates among new female bookings
Data informed screening guidelines More than 6,000 screened annually
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Screening Guidelines: Twin Towers
All new bookings age 30 and younger
And women over 30 if: Pregnant Arrested for prostitution or sex-related
charge
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Screening Results: Twin Towers, 2003
6,241 new female admittees were tested for CT and GC
CT prevalence of 14%, GC prevalence of 4%
Of the 874 women with CT, 108 (12.4%) also had GC
Of the 247 women with GC, 108 (43.7%) also had CT
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Chlamydia Prevalence Among Women Screened at Twin Towers by Race/Ethnicity, 2003, n=874
HISPANIC37.0%
AI/AN0.8%
UNK/OTHR 5.8%
WHITE22.9%
ASIAN2.1%
BLACK35.7%
293360
17729
188
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Chlamydia Prevalence by Age Among Female Inmates at Twin Towers, 2003
number screened=6,241 number cases=874
19%
6%4%5%
7%
13%
16%
23%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50+
Age
(692) (2,387) (2,126) (448) (254) (180) (90) (53)
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Chlamydia Prevalence By Age Among Female Inmates at Twin Towers, 2003 number screened=5,523 number cases=829
6%
12%11%13%13%
16%14%14%
18%16%16%
23%23%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30(324) (366) (502) (469) (458) (513) (439) (462) (431) (429) (407) (398) (325)(462)
Age
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Juvenile Hall and Twin Towers Chlamydia Prevalence, 2003
22.8%
15.0%13.8%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Juvenile Hall, 11-19(n=4,232)
Twin Towers, 18-30yrs old (n=5,523)
Twin Towers, 18-19yrs old (n=690)
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CHLAMYDIA PREVALENCE AMONG PREGNANT TWIN TOWERS CLIENTS, 2003
392
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
NUMBER OFPREGNANTCLIENTSNUMBER POSITIVEFOR CHLAMYDIA
42 (10.7%)
Number of clients
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CHLAMYDIA PREVALENCE AMONG POSSIBLY PREGNANT TWIN TOWERS CLIENTS, 2003
242
0
50
100
150
200
250
NUMBER OFPOSSIBLYPREGNANTCLIENTSNUMBER POSITIVEFOR CHLAMYDIA
27 (11.2%)
Number of clients
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Gonorrhea Screening at LAC Twin Towers and LAC Juvenile Hall, 2003
Females screened at intake to Juvenile Hall
Until the last quarter of 2002, all CT positives from Twin Towers were reflexively tested for GC
In 2003, all new female bookings were screened for both CT and GC (adopted GenProbe Aptima2)
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Gonorrhea Prevalence by Age Among Females, LAC Juvenile Hall, 2003 number screened=4,175 number cases=154
0% 0%
4% 3% 3% 4% 4% 3%
7%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
(2) (24) (132) (411) (802) (1,041) (1,060) (634) (55)
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Gonorrhea Prevalence by Age Among Females, LAC Twin Towers Jail, 2003 number screened=5,523 number cases=222
1%
4%4%3%3%4%4%3%
6%4%6%
4%6%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30(324) (366) (502) (469) (458) (513) (439) (462) (431) (429) (407) (398) (325)
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Adult Detention:LAC Twin Towers Jail: Challenges
Time, space Clients – off streets, no privacy, multiple needs Short detention time
Treatment and follow-up Field therapy project
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Adult Detention:LAC Twin Towers Jail: Field Therapy
More than half of CT+ clients released untreated One field worker for Rx and partner services In 2005, additional 7% of the clients received Rx Of those located, 85% received field Rx
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Adult Detention:LAC Men’s Central Jail Background
2000 Syphilis outbreak led to partnership with LAC Sheriff's Dept for active STD surveillance
Voluntary screening (until late 2005)Self-identified MSM inmates in K-11 unitTrustees (General Population inmates)
About 1,200 screened annually
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Demographics – 2003
{
{
{
Inmate Type
Age
Race
General Population
HispanicAfrican-American
White
MSM
18-1920-2930-39
50+40-49
OtherUnknown
n = 1,101
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Overview - 2003
1,101 Inmates Screened
864 CT/GC 844 Syphilis 956 HIV
CT Positivity = 4.7%(n = 41)
GC Positivity = 2.4%(n = 21)
Early Syphilis = 1.2%(n = 10)
HIV Prevalence = 7.2%(n = 69)
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Overall MSM GP
STD/HIV Morbidity by Inmate Type - 2003
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9.4%
6.2%
4%3.1% 2.9%
0%
2.8%1.5% 1%
0%
14.3%
11.2%
7.6%6.7%
5.6%
0
5
10
15
20
18-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50+
Age
Chl
amyd
ia P
erce
nt P
ositi
ve
Total MSM GP
Chlamydia by Age - 2003
Total positive = 41 (prevalence = 4.7%); MSM = 9 (prevalence = 1.8%); GP = 32 (prevalence = 8.9%)
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4.5%
6.8%
2.9%
6.3%
1.01%1.9% 1.9%
5.3%
10.4%11.3%
4.8%
7.3%
0
5
10
15
20
African American Hispanic White Unknown
Race
Chl
amyd
ia P
erce
nt P
ositi
ve
Total MSM GP
Chlamydia by Race/Ethnicity - 2003
Total positive = 41 (prevalence = 4.7%); MSM = 9 (prevalence = 1.8%); GP = 32 (prevalence = 8.9%)
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0%
2.6%3%
1.2%
0%0%
2.8%3%
2%
0%0%
2.4%
3.4%
0% 0%0
1
2
3
4
5
18-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50+
Age
Gon
orrh
ea P
erce
nt P
ositiv
eTotal MSM GP
Gonorrhea by Age - 2003
Total positive = 21 (prevalence = 2.4%); MSM = 13 (prevalence = 2.6%); GP = 8 (prevalence = 2.2%)
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2.2%
3.2%
2.1% 2.5%
1.5%
4.8%
3.2%
0%
3.5%
1.7%
0%
4.9%
0
2
4
6
8
10
AfricanAmerican
Hispanic White Unknown
Race
Gon
orrh
ea P
erce
nt P
ositiv
e Total MSM GP
Gonorrhea by Race/Ethnicity - 2003
Total positive = 21 (prevalence = 2.4%); MSM = 13 (prevalence = 2.6%); GP = 8 (prevalence = 2.2%)
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0%
2%
0.9%0.6%
0%0%
3.4%
1.1% 1%
0%0% 0%
0.7%
0% 0%0
1
2
3
4
5
18-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50+
Age
Per
cent
Ear
ly S
yphi
lis
Total MSM GP
Early Syphilis by Age - 2003
Total Early Syphilis = 10 (prevalence = 1.2%); MSM = 9 (prevalence = 1.9%); GP = 1 (prevalence = 0.3%)
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1.7% 1.4%
0.4%
1.4%
2.8% 3%
0%
2.8%
0% 0%
1.1%
0%0
2
4
6
8
10
AfricanAmerican
Hispanic White Unknown
Race
Per
cent
Ear
ly S
yphi
lisTotal MSM GP
Early Syphilis by Race/Ethnicity - 2003
Total Early Syphilis = 10 (prevalence = 1.2%); MSM = 9 (prevalence = 1.9%); GP = 1 (prevalence = 0.3%)
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0%
7.3% 8.2% 6.9% 5.6%
0%
12.4% 12.8%10.8%
14.3%
0% 0% 1.3% 1.4% 0%0
10
20
30
40
50
18-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50+
Age
HIV
Per
cent
Pos
itiv
e
Total MSM GP
HIV by Age – 2003
Total positive = 69 (seroprevalence = 7.2%); MSM = 66 (seroprevalence = 12.1%) ; GP = 3 (seroprevalence = 0.7%)
Based on HIV counseling session 7 newly identified cases; CI = 0.8 per 100 in 2003
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8.6%6.1% 4.4%
2.1%
16.3%14%
6.1%
18.4%
1.6% 0.8% 0% 0%0
10
20
30
40
50
AfricanAmerican
Hispanic White Unknown
Race
HIV
Per
cent
Pos
itiv
eTotal MSM GP
HIV by Race/Ethnicity - 2003
Total positive = 69 (seroprevalence = 7.2%); MSM = 66 (seroprevalence = 12.1%) ; GP = 3 (seroprevalence = 0.7%)
Based on HIV counseling session 7 newly identified cases; CI = 0.8 per 100 in 2003
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Adult Detention:LAC Men’s Central Jail: Challenges
Rise in Syphilis rates led to sexual network study Revealed a lot of sex (and infection) within K-11
Illegal AND public health risk Policy change re:condom access and Compulsory universal Syphilis screening Confidentiality and public health