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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 STAY CABLE SYSTEM

    DESIGN

    ENGINEERING

    SUPPLY

    INSTALLATION

    MONITORING

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 2 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    Industrial Ring Road Bangkok, 2006 Stay cables installed strand-by-strand.

    VSL: a worldwide networkVSLs organisation as a network of closely-

    cooperating regional units allows it to provide

    a full range of solutions and services worldwide.

    Customers have access to a local presence, while

    benefiting from global resources, know-how and

    expertise as well as VSLs continuing development

    of specialist construction techniques. The VSL

    networks valueadded services are combined

    to provide fully-customised solutions, from concept

    to site works, using highly-trained and experienced

    staff working in close partnership with clients.

    VSL: a commitment to Quality,Safety and the EnvironmentVSL pursues a strong QSE policy in keeping

    with its position as a technical leader in the

    industry. Local teams aim continuously toestablish, maintain and improve their pro-

    VSL MAINTAINS THE LEAD

    IN STAY CABLETECHNOLOGY

    active management systems and high

    performance standards.

    VSL recognizes that employees are the key to

    competitiveness and effective working prac-

    tices. The company is committed to safety

    first and strives for zero accident, with

    employees motivated to take the necessary

    responsibilities to achieve this goal.

    Clearly-defined measures are in place to

    promote sustainable development as part of

    VSLs contribution to environmental protection.

    VSL: a specialiststay cable contractorAs leader in stay cable technology, VSL paves

    the way with new developments. The last

    10 years in particular have seen a boom in

    stay cables, with a considerable increase inthe span lengths that can now be achieved as

    well as faster installation and erection cycles

    thanks to VSLs construction techniques.

    VSL has experience of more than

    130 cable-stayed bridges, including 40 in the

    last eight years, and its close participation

    with clients and builders has resulted in a

    next-generation technical solution.

    The VSL SSI 2000 System described here

    combines the latest developments with VSLs

    best solutions, and has already been used for

    dozens of bridges. The system offers high

    fatigue resistance, excellent corrosion

    protection and cable-force monitoring, as well

    as allowing adjustment, inspection and

    replacement of the strands. It maintains

    stringent durability standards, whilst

    incorporating new features for greater

    flexibility and simpler, more slender cablesand anchorages.

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 3 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    Las Glorias Footbridge - Spain, 1991Supply of the stay cables and supervision at installation.

    Uddevalla Bridge Sweden, 1998

    Stay cables installed strand-by-strand and equipped with anti-vibration

    friction dampers.

    La Unidad Bridge Mexico, 2003

    Full scope of bridge construction.

    Liebrueti Bridge Switzerland, 1978

    First VSL Stay cable bridge

    Cable installation with

    VSL lightweight equipment

    Recent VSL developmentsin stay cable technologyVSL Saddle, a patented solution allowing muchsimpler pylon design resulting in enhanced bridge

    aesthetics;

    Compact anchorage, leading to simplified designand construction of the pylon and superstructure;

    Compact stay cable system, resulting in a tighterarrangement of the strands and hence a reducedcable diameter and a lower cable wind load;

    Cable protected by dehumidificationtechniques, a patented solution offeringthe lowest wind load on strand cables,with a permanent monitoring;

    A choice of cable-vibration damping systems,which permits optimum load adaptation for eachstructure.

    Modern engineering:stringent standardsDesigners and regulators throughout the worldare demanding:

    increased durability of stay cables, includingcorrosion protection of both cable andanchorage, leak-proofing of the anchorageassembly, good anchorage conditions, easyinspection and maintenance, cablereplacement with minimal traffic interruption,cable vibration control and a compact staybundle with a reduced wind drag-coefficient;

    outstanding fatigue and static loadperformance levels (200MPa and 300MPastress range fatigue test for the SSI 2000anchorage assembly and components);

    improved aesthetics arising from theavailability of saddles, compact anchoragesand coloured cables;

    incorporation of damping systems into theanchorage.

    Main contractors also look for optimalconstruction schedules such as:

    a design that takes into account the closerelationship between deck erection and staycable installation;

    lightweight installation equipment to enableeasier operations and a more flexible erectionprogramme.

    Clients benefit from:

    enhanced durability that is built in;

    easier long-term maintenance, providingsubstantial savings.

    The VSL SSI 2000 stay cable system is designedto meet all of these demanding requirements.

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 4 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    High fatigue performanceAnchorages include design features to filter

    out vibrations and bending stresses in the

    cable before they can reach the anchorage

    wedges. Sample stay cables have been

    subjected to fatigue testing with cable angular

    deviations as defined in the latest PTI and fib

    recommendations. Anchorages can be

    equipped with additional cable protection

    systems where unusual cable deviations need

    to be taken into account (see page 6).

    High durability and a newstandard of protection

    a) For the corrosion protection of the steelanchorage components, VSL has developed

    a new system that provides the best protection

    in the most aggressive environments. It enables

    100 years of maintenance-free operation for

    non-accessible components.

    b) Individual encapsulation of each strand

    within the anchorage avoids the risk of

    corrosion migration between strands. Full

    encapsulation is achieved by providing each

    strand with its own protection system.

    c) Complementary barriers provide a degree of

    redundancy to ensure the leak-tightness of the

    anchorage. The sealing system has passed the

    various tests as defined by fiband PTI.

    Cable replacementwithout traffic interruptionThe very compact nature of the anchorages

    allows installation in confined spaces within

    box girders and pylons. The single strand

    installation method and stressing operations

    have been optimised to facilitate cable

    installation using very lightweight equipment

    for greater flexibility in construction.

    Easy incorporationof a VSL internal damping systemThe stay cable system can be designed with

    provision for later installation of a VSL

    vibration damping system, should it provenecessary (see page 14).

    SSI 2000: VSL STAY CABLE TECHNOLOG

    Individual encapsulationEach strand separately protected

    inside the anchorage

    Severalcomplementary

    barriersFor anchorage water

    tightness system

    Individual strand deviation deviceFiltering cable bending stress at the anchorage device

    Increased corrosion

    protectionFactory applied individual protection

    treatments, for a design life of 100 years

    in the most aggressive environments,

    without maintenance

    High fatigue performanceVSL strandsHigh fatigue performance over 300 MPa

    stress range at 2 millions cycles.

    Compatible with VSL SSI Saddle

    Compact anchorageLength of a fixed end anchorage

    for 127 strands is only 440mm.

    High fatigue resistance

    VSL anchorageDemonstrated by fiband PTI fatigue tests

    with combined tension and bending action.

    The SSI 2000 Stay Cable System is based on proven stay cable wedge/strandanchorage technology, which has been in use for more than 30 years. It meets

    the most stringent requirements and has been used on more than 120 stay

    cable projects. The system has successfully passed extensive full-scale fatigue

    testing, including the new leak-tightness tests required by the PTI and fib.

    Adjustable(orfixedend)anchorage

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 5 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    Reduced cable wind loadsThe VSL stay pipes installed on the bridges are

    generally equipped with external helical ribs to

    suppress vibrations induced by rain and wind.

    Wind tunnel testing has demonstrated the

    efficiency of the VSL-designed helical ribs in

    reducing drag at wind speeds up to 70m/s.

    The VSL compact system:SSI 2000-C for long cablesWind load on the cables can be an important

    parameter for the structural design of bridges with

    very long cables. For these cables, VSL has

    developed SSI 2000-C, an adaptation of the

    standard SSI 2000. It uses the same anchoragesand connections but features a 20% reduction in

    FOR BRIDGES

    VersatilityDesigned to accommodate a VSLs vibration damping

    system which can be installed retro-activelyLow drag coefficientMeasured in wind tunnel

    Replaceable stay cable systemEach strand can be individually checked

    and at any time, replaced and re-installed.

    Complete cable is replaced with closure

    of only one traffic lane.

    Versatile tension ringMay be used as a guide deviator

    for increased cable angular

    deviations

    cable diameter. Reduced wind loads result from its

    use in combination with the lower wind drag

    coefficient of the VSL stay pipe.

    The VSL SSI 2000-D:dry air system for lower wind loadsVSL SSI 2000-D is an adaptation of the

    standard system, using the same

    wedge/strand anchorage technology. Its main

    feature is a greatly-reduced cable diameter of

    about 30% less than standard, which results

    in significantly lower wind loading. SSI 2000-D

    cables are protected by dry air using the same

    technology as found in the protection of many

    steel bridge decks and suspended cables(see page 10).

    The VSL SSI 2000 Saddle allowingreplacement of strandVSL has developed a patented new pylon saddle

    for its SSI 2000 Stay Cable System, designed for

    use with the standard sheathed strand used on

    extradosed and cable-stayed bridges.

    The compact saddle allows strand by strand

    installation and replacement of each strand.

    Tests have demonstrated that the saddles

    fatigue performance is the same as for

    anchorages. High friction of the cable on the

    saddle allows its use in pylons subjected to

    significant unbalanced cable loads (see page 12).

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 6 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    Cable equipped with the VSL friction damper

    In the event of unexpected cable vibrations,a choice of VSL damping systems - friction

    damper or Gensui damper - can be

    installed without modification to the

    cable assembly.

    Connection detail for subsequent installation of

    a VSL damping system

    The flange welded to the end of the guide pipe

    and the increased diameter of the anti-

    vandalism pipe are designed to allow for

    later installation of a VSL damping

    system, should cable vibrations need

    to be rectified. The cable can be

    equipped with a guide deviator

    (see figure)or, moregenerally, with a tension

    ring.

    Cable equipped with a guide deviator

    This provides the anchorage with a greater level of

    protection in case the cable is subjected to higher

    angular deviations such as seismic events. For

    long guide pipes the guide deviator protects

    the cable from contact, whatever the

    amplitude. It also allows for the guidepipe assembly to be installed with

    increased tolerances.

    VSL SSI 2000 MAIN DIMENSIONS

    DECK ANCHORAGE

    with adjustable or fixed end anchorages

    ADJUSTABLE ANCHORAGE

    H1 miniG1

    F1

    D1

    L1 mini

    Guide pipeE1

    B1

    A1

    C1

    DECK CONNECTIONDesigned with a tension ring or a guide deviator,

    and a VSL damping system if required.

    Cable equipped with a tension ring

    Designed to accommodate a cable

    angular deviation of 25mrd

    (1.4 degrees) on entry to the

    anchorage, as per the PTI

    and fibrecommendations.

    L1mini

    1.4m

    PYLON ARRANGEMENTDistance between facing fixed end

    anchorages is 1.4m. Distance of

    approx. 3.5m is recommended when

    stressing jacks are used.

    L1mini

    L1mini

    L*

    L1

    mini

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 7 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    ADJUSTABLE ANCHORAGE (at deck or pylon) FIXED END ANCHORAGE (at deck or pylon)TENSION

    RING

    Anchorage Number A1 B1 C1 D1 E1 F1 G1 H1 mini

    unit of strands mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm

    6-12 12 190 230 290 219.1 / 6.3 196 500 30 325

    6-19 19 235 285 355 267 / 6.3 241 500 35 350

    6-22 22 255 310 385 298.5 / 7.1 261 500 40 360

    6-31 31 285 350 440 323.9 / 7.1 291 700 45 410

    6-37 37 310 380 485 355.6 / 8 316 700 50 440

    6-43 43 350 425 540 406.4 / 8.8 356 700 55 455

    6-55 55 385 470 585 419 / 10 391 700 60 495

    6-61 61 385 470 600 419 / 10 391 700 65 530

    6-73 73 440 530 680 508 / 11 446 700 75 530

    6-85 85 440 540 710 508 / 11 446 700 80 590

    6-91 91 490 590 760 559 / 12.5 496 700 80 585

    6-109 109 505 610 795 559 / 12.5 511 700 90 620

    6-127 127 560 670 865 610 / 12.5 566 700 95 650

    6-175 175 640 770 1000 711/14.2 646 700 110 730

    Valid for nominal concrete strength at stressing to 45% of stay capacity: 45 MPa (cube), 36 MPa (cylinder). Dimension must be checked in case of other bearing conditions. Guide pipe to be checked if use of guide deviator or damping system. Minimum value allows on adjustability of 40 mm.

    CABLE DIAMETER (mm)

    ANCHORAGE SSI 2000 SSI 2000-C* SSI 2000-D

    UNIT

    6-12 125 95 85

    6-19 140 110 95

    6-22 160 125 105

    6-31 160 135 115

    6-37 180 150 130

    6-43 200 170 145

    6-55 200 175 150

    6-61 225 185 160

    6-73 250 200 170

    6-85 250 210 180

    6-91 280 220 190

    6-109 315 235 200

    6-127 315 265 225

    6-175 355

    A2 C2 D2 E2 F2 G2 H2 mini

    mm mm mm mm mm mm mm

    185 260 177.8 / 4.5 150 300 35 210

    230 335 219.1 / 6.3 190 300 50 225

    250 355 219.1 / 6.3 205 300 50 225

    280 415 244.5 / 6.3 230 300 60 250

    300 455 273 / 6.3 255 250 70 275

    340 505 323.9 / 7.1 285 250 75 280

    380 550 323.9 / 7.1 310 250 75 300

    380 585 355.6 / 8 330 200 85 320

    430 650 406.4 / 8.8 370 200 95 335

    430 685 4 06.4 / 8.8 3 70 200 110 365

    480 730 457 / 10 420 200 110 375

    495 775 457 / 10 420 200 120 385

    550 845 508 / 11 475 200 130 435

    620 1000 711/14.3 530 200 150 460

    L1 mini

    mm

    800

    1100

    1250

    1400

    1600

    1850

    1950

    2150

    2300

    2450

    2650

    2800

    3200

    3700

    *with PTI tightly extruded strand

    FIXED END ANCHORAGE

    H2 mini

    G2

    E2

    A2

    C2

    D2

    L1 mini F2

    Cable diameter

    Guide pipe

    K CONNECTION

    STAY PIPE

    FREE LENGHT PYLON CONNECTION

    PYLON ANCHORAGE

    with adjustable or fixed endanchorages

    Customized sizing can be provided for large cables on request.

    Stay cable equipped

    with a guide deviator

    Stay cable equipped

    with a tension ring

    PYLON CONNECTIONThe pylon connection is similar to the deck

    connection and can be designed with either

    a tension ring or, in some cases, with aguide deviator.

    L1

    L1

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 8 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    ENHANCED DURABILITY WITH SSI 2000

    Durability of the VSL stay cable systemVSL stay cables are replaceable and have a

    design life of 100 years in the most aggressive

    environments, as defined by the C4 and C5

    categories of the ISO 12944 standard.

    VSL specifications for the corrosion-protection

    system of steel components are much more

    stringent than the durability recommendations

    from PTI and CIP. The components which are non-

    accessible are manufactured with a protection

    system that has a design life of 100 years

    without maintenance. The first maintenance

    operation on the accessible and replaceable

    components is scheduled after 25 years.

    Each component and the entire assembly of VSL

    anchorages have all been subjected to analysis,

    to determine the best materials, component

    geometries, assembly type and protection

    system to achieve the highest durability.

    Accelerated ageing testsCorrect specification and manufacturing is

    important to avoid significant variations over

    time in the characteristics of the non-steel

    components such as the HDPE/PP used for the

    stay pipe and strand sheathing.

    UV radiation and/or pollution may cause the

    colour of the HDPE stay pipe to change over

    time. The fading of the colour is controlled

    such that it remains invisible to the naked eye.

    The evolution of the mechanical and

    colourimetric characteristics is verified during

    accelerated ageing tests of the VSLs colouredstay pipes.

    Anchorage leak-tightness testThe barriers that protect the cable along its free

    length are checked by appropriate component

    tests. It is important to have efficient measures

    in place to prevent ingress of water into the

    anchorage interfaces, particularly at the deck.

    The VSL anchorages sealing system is designed

    with a high degree of redundancy and the

    anchorage has passed the leak-tightness tests

    as defined by PTI and fib.

    Durability at the construction stagesThe durability of each component depends on

    its design and choice of material. However, the

    durability of the complete cable will also

    depend on the quality of the installation works

    and the provisions made for easy inspection

    and replacement. VSL has incorporated

    permanent control systems which allow for the

    detection during the strand installation of any

    defect that would reduce the stay cables

    durability. Any component can be easily

    replaced without critical delay to theinstallation schedule.

    The SSI 2000 System is now offering new

    developments, all leading to enhance cable

    durability :

    The VSL SSI 2000-D to reduced cablewind loadsVSL SSI 2000-D is an adaptation of the

    standard system, using the same

    wedge/strand anchorage technology. Its main

    feature is a greatly-reduced cable diameter of

    about 30% less than standard, which results

    in significantly lower wind loading. SSI 2000-D

    cables are protected by dry air using the same

    technology as found in the protection of many

    steel bridge decks and suspended cables (seepage 10).

    Adjustable anchorages areprotected by a sprayed

    metallic coating.

    Checking of a 6-37 anchorage after a PTI leak-tightness

    test. After being submitted to mechanical environmentalconstraints, the anchorages were placed in a chamber with

    3m-head of dye solution to check the ingress.

    Tensile test of a sample HDPEstay pipe which has been

    subjected to an ageing test.

    Durability and fatigue strength are the two most important requirements forstay cables designed to enable 100 years of maintenance-free operation for

    non-accessible components in the most aggressive environments. VSL has

    recently developed some new products and services, therefore offering

    complementary barriers providing new degrees of redundancy.

    VSL colored stay pipe with helical ribs,

    tested in a wind tunnel

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 9 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    SYSTEM & DEVELOPMENT

    Red color stay pipes

    (Sucharskiego Bridge, Poland)

    White color stay pipes

    (Neva Bridge, Russia)

    Gold color stay pipes

    (Industrial Ring Road, Bangkok)

    Required durability

    of stay cablesVarious durability requirements have beendeveloped:

    PTI stay cable recommendations are for a75-year design life.

    The CIP document says 50 years and100 years for replaceable and non-replaceablecables respectively.

    fibs stay cable recommendations are100 years protection against corrosionfor steel components and a design lifeof 50 years for non-metallic components,with replaceability of components.

    The VSL SSI 2000 Saddle allowingcable replacementVSL has developed a patented new pylon

    saddle for its SSI 2000 Stay Cable System,

    designed for use with the standard sheathed

    strand used on extradosed and cable-stayed

    bridges. The compact saddle allows strand by

    strand installation and replacement of

    individual strands. Tests have demonstrated

    that the saddles fatigue performance is the

    same as for anchorages. High friction of the

    cable on the saddle allows its use in pylons

    subjected to significant unbalanced cable

    loads (see page 12).

    VSL solutions for cable vibrationVSL is providing two types of internal damping

    systems: the VSL Damper and the Gensui

    Damper.

    The SSI Stay Cable System can be designed

    with provision for later installation of a VSL

    vibration damping system, should it prove

    necessary (see page 12).

    DURABLE BUT ALSO AESTHETIC

    VSL structural monitoring servicesVSL monitoring package is offered as an

    additional service to provide the client with

    long term cost savings. It can be applied to

    structures and to cables. In-house R&D has

    placed emphasis on durability method,

    measurement and sensor configurations to

    optimise maintenance; to detect damage and

    confirm diagnosis of deterioration; to validate

    and memorise know-how for future projects; tooptimise life cycle cost of the structure.

    VSL loadcell

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 10 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    THE VSL SSI 2000-D SYSTEM

    Permanent monitoringof the corrosion protection

    system of the cables:

    Temperature

    Humidity

    Air pressure

    No damageof the cable

    protection during

    installation

    Dry air protectionof the cable, the anchorages and

    the vibration damping system

    Permanent visual controlof the cable corrosion at the

    anchorages, without dismantling.

    Reduced cost for any

    cable replacementNon-sheathed VSL strands

    Guide pipe

    Bearing plate

    Protection cap

    Non-sheathed strandsprotected by dry airThe complete stay cable system is designed so

    that the strands are located within an airtight

    enclosure along their free length and along the

    two anchorage lengths.

    The cable, anchorages and any vibration

    damping system are all protected againstcorrosion.

    The airtight HDPE stay pipe is connected at

    one end to the pylon and at the other to the

    deck anchorage. The cable is composed of

    non-sheathed strands manufactured with

    a protective coating such as galvanising.

    A dehumidifier unit, which is generally placed

    inside the pylon, is equipped with air-pushing

    fans to maintain a low but permanent pressure

    of dry air along the cable length. This permanent

    pressure prevents any ingress of water from theoutside environment into the cable.

    The dehumidifier unit

    placed within the pylon

    supplies dry air to the

    pylon anchorages.

    * Patent pending

    SSI 2000 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

    A stay cable system protected by dry air*

    Stay cable

    Dry air

    supply pipe

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 11 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    Sealing deviceprotected inside the

    anti vandal pipe

    Reduced cable

    diametersStrand cable with the

    lowest outer diameter

    allowing reduced cable

    wind load

    Anti vandal pipe

    Co-extruded

    HDPE stay pipe

    with helical rib

    Cable with 3 nested

    layers of protection

    VSL friction

    damper

    The dehumidifier unit placed within the pylon

    supplies the dry air to the pylon anchorages.The dry air flows from the pylon anchorages to

    those at the deck. The space between the

    strands inside the HDPE pipe allows circulation

    of the dry air around the steel strands, with a

    pressure at the deck anchorage that is slightly

    above atmospheric pressure.

    Dry air: a proven solutionThe use of dehumidification or dry air systems

    to protect steel decks and suspension cables

    was introduced in 1971 and it is now a well-

    understood and highly-regarded solution.

    The efficiency of dehumidification has also

    been demonstrated in the protection of the

    cables of several suspension bridges,

    including those of the Akashi Kaiko Bridges

    1991m-long main span.

    The dehumidification equipment used by VSL

    for cable protection in the SSI 2000-D System

    is based on proven technology. Long-term

    experience on steel decks protection has

    confirmed the low maintenance costs of

    dehumidification systems and their great

    reliability. VSL can provide estimates ofrunning costs if required.

    Anchorage protection cap allowing visual inspection of cable

    The dry air combined protection

    Increased layersof corrosion protectionThe main tensile elements of standard stay cable

    systems are designed with two levels of protectionwhereas the SSI 2000-D offers three levels:

    - (continuous) steel coating of the strand

    - (continuous) dry air around the strands

    - an airtight enclosure provided by the stay pipe.

    Permanent monitoring of the cablecorrosion protection systemPermanent monitoring of the cable protection is

    provided. A protection cap is installed at the

    deck anchorage and is designed for the

    connection of sensors to measure the humidity,

    air pressure and air temperature, as well as the

    dehumidification control system.

    The anchorage protection cap can also be

    designed to allow permanent visual inspection

    of the strands and wedges without any need to

    interfere with the system. This significantly

    reduces the time and costs involved in the

    long-term maintenance of the cables.

    Offering protection for the deckThe SSI 2000-D Dehumidification System can

    also be used to achieve complete protection of

    bridge decks that are designed as steel boxes.

    The dry air flowing along the cables can be fed

    into the compartments of the deck.

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 12 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    THE VSL SADDLE

    VSL has developed a new concept in saddles that achieves the performanceof stay cable anchorages. Moreover, each strand of the cable can also be

    replaced if required.

    One of the great advantages of the VSL Saddle

    is that it allows designers to simplify the pylon

    structure and use very slender profiles to

    achieve an attractive appearance.

    The new VSL Saddle was developed in response

    to issues with existing saddle designs, relating

    to fatigue, fretting corrosion and replacement of

    the cables. CIP had considered these issues so

    serious that it had recommended abandoning

    saddles and using anchorages instead.

    Two independent corrosionprotection barriersThe compact saddle is composed of a

    rectangular steel box filled with a high-strength

    Ductal cement grout. The design ensures high

    friction between the cable and the saddle.

    Cables can be installed or replaced strand

    by strand, and the strands can be tensioned

    independently. Two separate corrosion protection

    barriers protect the cable inside the saddle:

    - a protective strand coating such as

    galvanising;

    - a special flexible filler injected around the

    strands, using the same material that protects

    the strands within VSL anchorages.

    Independent replaceable strandsEach strand of the cable is free and completely

    independent in the VSL Saddle. Instead of the

    usual design, the VSL Saddle has no corrosion-

    susceptible individual tubes. Each strand of

    the cable passes through the saddle in an

    independent hole in the cement grout. Special

    VSL formwork has been designed for this. The

    number of holes in the saddle will generally

    correspond to the number of cable strands.

    However, additional holes can be provided for

    extra strands, such as a reference strand for

    later inspection.

    V shaped holes for high frictionAn important feature of the VSL Saddle is the

    shape of its strand holes. The holes are V

    shaped, instead of the circular ones used on

    saddles with individual tubes. This special

    hole geometry is the result of extensive testing

    carried out in VSLs laboratories to define the

    optimum shape to achieve high friction

    between the strand and the saddle while

    avoiding fretting and allowing easy strand

    installation.

    Transfer of high cable differential

    forces into the pylonThe cable passing through the saddle can be

    subjected to differential forces from opposite

    sides of the pylon. These forces could induce a

    sliding of the cable within the saddle but this

    is prevented by the friction of the individual

    strands inside the saddle. The laboratory tests

    measured the friction coefficient as varying

    from 0.4 to 0.7, depending mainly on the

    loading conditions.

    Angular deviations of the cableat the saddleOn some cable-stayed bridges, the cable can

    be subjected to non-negligible angular

    deviations at the pylon. These deviations may

    gradually cause deterioration in the cable

    protection and in its mechanical strength.

    In order to withstand these angular deviations,

    the prefabricated VSL Saddle incorporates a

    special elastomeric casting resin where the

    cables exit the saddle.

    No degradation of the cables fatigueperformance

    Fatigue tests were carried out on small cableunits in order to determine any effect of theFatigue testing of the VSL saddle

    Saddle section, with the V shaped strand hole

    SSI 2000 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 13 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    saddle on the cables fatigue performance. The

    strands were tensioned to the cable-breaking

    load after two million fatigue cycles with a

    stress range of 200MPa and a maximum load

    of 45% of cable capacity. No wire breaks were

    observed in the saddle and subsequent

    dismantling of the strands showed that they

    were in very good condition and confirmed the

    feasibility of strand replacement.

    Cost saving cableThe VSL Saddle uses the same standard

    tightly-extruded sheathed strand as for stay

    cables. No special treatment of the strand is

    required and cable replacement can be carried

    out with the same standard strand.

    A (mm) B (mm)

    6-12 175 1956-19 230 240

    6-22 245 250

    6-31 185 285

    6-37 315 320

    6-43 360 340

    6-55 365 360

    6-61 395 400

    6-73 445 420

    6-85 455 430

    6-91 475 480

    6-109 540 4906-127 550 535

    Cable unit Saddle section

    VSL Saddle design with

    cable connection

    Woonam Bridge, Korea (2008) :

    installation of the VSL Saddle

    Main dimensions(using VSL SSI 2000)

    Manufactured saddle

    for SSI strand cable

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 14 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    VSL SOLUTIONS FOR CABLE VIBRATION

    As indicated in the PTI stay cable

    recommendations, the mechanisms of dynamic

    excitation are particularly complex and it is not

    easy to produce reliable predictions. The first

    difficulty for the designer is to assess the risk

    of cable vibrations. Various stability criteria

    are available to estimate this risk and to

    evaluate any damping that is required. The

    main approach used by VSL is the net damping

    criterion defined by I. Kovacs*.

    The design of the VSL SSI 2000 Stay Cable

    System allows implementation of additional

    measures (such as dampers or cross-ties) in

    case of unforeseen vibrations.

    The VSL damping solutions

    1. Modifications to the cable surface

    Stay pipes can be manufactured with helical

    ribs. The rib dimensions have been optimised in

    wind tunnel testing for maximum efficiency in

    suppressing the risk of excitations from rain

    and wind while minimising the effect on drag.

    2. Use of dampers to increase the structural

    damping of the cable

    Two different types of dampers are provided by

    VSL: the Friction Damper and the Gensui

    Damper. Key advantages of these dampers

    include their efficiency, their durability and

    their low maintenance costs. The two types

    complement each other, allowing

    implementation of the most suitable solution

    depending on the characteristics of the stay

    cables, the critical types of vibrations and the

    required performance. The Gensui Damper is

    optimised for extradosed bridges and for

    medium cable lengths on cable-stayed bridges.

    It is well-suited for use as an external damper.

    The VSL Friction Damper will be the most

    efficient solution for more critical cases

    including long cables or where there is a risk ofparametric excitations.

    VSLs experience in suspended structures and the development of dampingsystems enables it to assist the bridge designer in carrying out risk analysis

    of the cables vibration and in proposing the most appropriate solution.

    Key benefits ofthe VSL Friction DamperGreat durability: This great durability is due to thefact that the damper is designed to work only whennecessary, only when the level of the cable

    vibrations is considered critical. At that stage, thefriction damper immediately achieves its maximumdamping effect to stabilise the cable.

    High efficiency: Several comparative tests on staycables have demonstrated the efficiency of the VSLfriction damper. For example, a friction damperinstalled at 6m from the deck anchorage on a214m-long 97-strand cable achieved a measureddamping (Log. decrement) of more than 9%.

    Aesthetics: Installation of damping systems on acable-stayed bridge has to avoid any detrimentalimpact to the bridges appearance, as this is often akey feature. The efficiency and compact natureof friction dampers generally allows them to beinstalled near the deck anchorage, where they canbe fully integrated. Other, less efficient, systemsrequire installation externally on additional supports.

    Other advantages of the VSL friction damperinclude:

    easy access, simplifying inspection duringmaintenance operations;

    adjustment of the friction force without any needfor dismantling;

    it can be installed on any type of cable onexisting bridges where cables are subjected tounexpected vibrations;

    all components of the damper can be dismantledand/or replaced on site;

    damping characteristics are not affected by thetemperature or vibration frequency.

    VSL Friction Damper

    SSI 2000 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

    VSL Friction Damper with

    anti-vandalism component

    * Dr. Ing. Imre Kovacs / Dynamic Consulting

    Cables with

    VSL Friction Damper

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 15 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    3. Installation of stabilising cables:

    This solution can be used where the other two

    approaches would not be efficient. The

    installation of stabilising cables onto the stay

    cables is not an easy operation.

    VSL has an impressive portfolio of reference

    projects. The VSL friction damper has beensubjected to several comparative tests on stay

    cables (by organisations including ShanghaiTongji University, Hong Kongs Highways

    Authorities and the Korean Highways

    Corporation). Friction dampers have been

    installed on a number of cable-stayed bridges,

    and to date no cable vibration has been observed

    and no damper has needed to be replaced.

    More than 40 cable-stayed bridges were

    equipped with the Gensui Damper in 2007.

    In 2008, 20 Gensui Dampers have been

    installed on the cables of the North Arm Bridge

    in Vancouver.

    Key benefits ofthe Gensui DamperHigh-damping rubber:The Gensui damper is composed of severalrubber pads and the cables vibration energy isabsorbed by shear deformation of the pads. Eachpad is made of a high-damping rubbermanufactured by Sumitomo Rubber Industries.

    Great simplicity:The damper is modular, with the number of padsused depending on the cable characteristics.A main feature of this damper is its simplicity.It can be easily installed and configured onexisting bridges.

    Great durability with minimal maintenance:The high-damping rubber pads provide for along design life. Accelerated ageing tests haveshown a life expectancy of 60 years. The damperrequires only minimal maintenance during its

    lifetime. This allows dampers to be installed, ifnecessary, at the pylon, where maintenanceaccess is difficult and expensive.

    Performance:The performance of the damper depends on thedamping capacity of the rubber pad and can beadjusted by varying the number of pads. Thedampers performance is ideal for short andmedium cable lengths. Performance can beincreased by moving the damper away from thedeck anchorages and/or installing a seconddamper at the pylon. The performance does notdepend on the cables mode of vibration and it isnot sensitive to variations in temperature.

    An aesthetic solution:

    The Gensui Damper is installed around the cableand has compact dimensions, which ensuresthat it integrates well. The damper can be easilyused as external damper, installed on anadditional support. Installation of Gensui Damper

    Gensui Damper

    on PWS cable

    Gensui Damper protected

    with neoprene boot

    North Arm Bridge, Canada (2008)

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    STRAND BY STRAND METHOD FOR INST

    OR REPLACEMENT OF CABLESVSLs first experiences of cable installation werewith fully-prefabricated cables which required

    transport and lifting of heavy components.

    A 500m prefabricated cable on its reel can

    weigh up to 80t.

    The strand by strand erection of cables requires

    only light equipment. It can be slightly more

    time consuming, but gives advantages when

    the plant required for installation is taken into

    account.

    Operating with the strand by strandinstallation methodAll the cable installation operations are carried

    out using VSL equipment, enabling any tower

    cranes used for pylon construction to be

    dismantled as soon as the pylon is complete.

    Strands supplied from strand coils placed on

    the deck are prepared on a working bench.

    All the stressing operations are carried out

    using the AMS monostrand jack. A compact

    VSL stay multistrand jack is only used when a

    final de-tensioning operation is unavoidable.The final operation is the power seating for

    each strand and anchorage to ensure that

    there is no risk of strand slippage at the

    wedges anchored at low tension forces.

    The strand by strand method developed by

    VSL is well adapted for efficient use on any

    project, whatever the bridges environmental

    conditions are.

    Replacement of a 298m cable

    In May 2002, VSL mobilised a crew and light equipment to

    check some cables and replace a 298m cable on the Ching

    Chau Min Jiang Bridge. The stays had been damaged when a

    barge collided with the bridge during a typhoon. Site conditions

    did not allow access for a mobile crane and all the VSL

    equipment had to be man-handled into position. Strands were

    replaced strand by strand with the same light equipment used

    for cable installation. This benchmark operation demonstratedthat long cables can be replaced without interrupting the traffic

    only one traffic lane needed to be closed.

    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 16 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

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    Optimised solutionswith the VSL SaddleThe use of independent strands permits the

    strand by strand installation of the cable. After

    installation of the two HDPE stay pipes on each

    side of the pylon, each strand of the cable is

    raised inside the stay pipe from the deck to the

    pylon. It is then threaded through one hole of

    the saddle and pulled down inside the other

    stay pipe for connection to the opposite deck

    anchorage. Installation of the strands is

    achieved through the use of three VSL winches.

    LLATION

    PYLON

    Jack

    Chair

    B

    Amini

    PYLON

    Amini

    870720

    Dimensions (mm)of multistrand jack and chair.

    TENDON 6-12 6-22 6-31 6-55 6-85 6-109 6-127

    UNIT 6-19 6-37 6-61 6- 91

    6-43 6-73

    A mini 1000 1000 1100 1200 1300 1350 1500

    B 490 620 620 780 780 970 970

    Dimensions (mm) of monostrand jack.

    TENDO N 6-12 6-31 6-61 6-91 6-127

    UNIT to 6-22 to 6-55 to 6-85 to 6-109

    A mi ni 1 000 1 05 0 11 00 1 15 0 1 200

    Jack clearance for the

    cable stressing operations

    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 17 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    The strands are tensioned one by one with a VSL monostrand

    jack connected to a VSL Automatic Monostrand Stressing

    system (AMS). The AMS processor controls and registers

    the parameters of the stressing operation to achieve either

    the required tension or the correct elongation of the strands.

    A typical cycle of five to seven days can be achieved for deck segment

    erection on cable-stayed bridges. VSL-trained staff and VSL tailor-made

    equipment can execute the simultaneous installation of two cables on the

    main span (or back span) in a single day with one shift on each cable.

    Demanding challenges can be met thanks to close cooperation between the

    partners, as on the Liz Bridge where 18 stays were installed in the record time

    of just one week.

    Main advantagesof the VSL strand by strandinstallation There is total flexibility to adjust the cable

    length during installation. This length can beadjusted to cater for variations in the bridgegeometry during construction.

    The light equipment induces only smallconstruction loads. The maximum componentweight is about 4t.

    On a composite deck, just one part of the cablecan be installed as a first step to give support topart of the steel deck during its assembly.

    The use of light equipment fitted to the pylonallows the installation of the pylon anchorageswhile the pylon is under construction.

    The stressing anchorages can be installed inconfined spaces inside the pylons as theinstallation equipment is small.

    The maximum weight of the monostrand jacktensioning equipment is 20kg. Heaviermultistrand jacks are used only in special cases.

    Only light equipment is required for any futurere-tensioning of the stays.

    The method is well-suited to pylons equippedwith the VSL Saddle.

    The necessary equipment can be moved easilyon site, giving greater flexibility in theinstallation schedule.

    VSL lifting winch

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 18 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    Puente de la Unidad Bridge, Mexico (2003)

    In a 50/50 JV, VSL provided project

    management, complete technical and

    method support and part of the production

    management. VSL Mexico also supplied

    and installed the post-tensioning, and the

    SSI 2000 Stay Cable System

    Ponte Europa Bridge, Portugal (2002)

    186m main span length - 91 strand cables

    Badajoz Bridge, Spain (1994)

    Cables equipped with friction dampers

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 19 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    Papendorpse Bridge, Netherlands (2002)

    120 strand cables

    Sungai Johor Bridge, Malaysia (2008)

    85 strand cables with length up to 275m

    Batam Tonton Bridge, Indonesia (1997)

    Package: design, supply and installation of stay cables, deck form-travellers and pylon

    formwork. Construction engineering for the superstructure construction

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 20 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    Sucharskiego Bridge, Poland (2001)

    Supply and installation of stay cables,

    with VSL Friction Dampers

    Centenario Bridge, Spain (1991)

    552m bridge length, with 264m for the main span

    Second Vivekananda Bridge, India (2007)

    Extradossed bridge with pylon saddles and grouted stay cables

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 21 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    Yichong Yiling Bridge, China (2001)

    Supply of stay cable system, erection equipment, stay cable

    engineering, site management and site supervision

    Wadi Abdoun Bridge, Jordan (2006)

    Curved deck with inclined pylon

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 22 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    Neva 1 Bridge, Russia (2002)

    All cables equipped with VSL Friction Dampers

    Koshiki Daimyojin Bridge, Japan (1993)

    Technical consultation and supply of the prefabricated stay cables

    Houston Ship Channel Bridge, USA (1995)

    Supply of stay cables and supervision at installation

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 23 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    Neva 2 Bridge, Russia (2007)

    Supply and installation of stay cables with VSL Friction Dampers

    Sunshine Skyway Bridge, USA (1986)

    Supply of post-tensioning and stay cables. Cables anchored to the pylon

    by saddles and equipped with hydraulic dampers

    Pakse Bridge, Laos (2000)

    Production and erection of the precast segmental

    deck, including: design, supply and operation of

    casting cells and launching gantry; construction of

    cast-in-situ pier tables; geometry control; supply and

    installation of post-tensioning and stay cables

    Merida Arch Bridge, Spain (1991)

    Supply and installation of the stay cables

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 24 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    Pastaza Bridge, Ecuador (2005)

    Supply and installation of the stay cablesZizkova Footbridge, Czech Republic (2007)

    Installation of stays and post-tensioning

    Rades-la-Goulette Bridge, Tunisia (2007)

    Extensive equipment and services

    Unimas-Sarawak Bridge, Malaysia (2007)

    Supply and installation of cables

    Kien Hai Phong Bridge, Vietnam (2003)

    Supply and installation of bearings and stay cables

    J

    oseCartelloneConstruct

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 25 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    Peldar Bridge, Columbia (2002)

    VSL Saddle and monitoring services

    Liz Bridge, Portugal (2004)

    18 stay cables installed in one week

    Woonam Bridge, South Korea (2008)

    VSL pylon saddles designed to allow cable replacement

    Safti Bridge, Singapore (1995)

    An inclined pylon is stabilised by back-stay cables

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 26 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    VSL SERVICES FOR BRIDGE CONSTRU

    Wind speedmeasured in 3 directionsexpressed in m/s

    Temperature of cables, concrete

    expressed in C

    Humidityexpressed in %

    Rain intensityexpressed in mm

    Air quality

    expressed in CO, NOX, O3, SO2...

    Structural vibrationacceleration expressed in gvibration modes expressed in Hz

    Angular movementtwo directions expressed in

    Stress and deformationexpressed in m/m and in mm

    Inspection and investigationpaper and multimedia reportslaboratory or in situ tests

    Trafficexpressed in km/h, veh./h, t, type...

    Cable forceexpressed in kN

    Sun intensityexpressed in W/m2

    Material ageingexpressed in Cl-, mV

    OPERATINGCOST MAINTENANCE COST

    www.v

    sl-mo

    nitor

    ing.

    com

    Relevant information is sent

    straight back to the users desk.

    The system works with any IT

    and measurement solution.

    The Consultant

    VSL

    Remote server

    The Owner

    MYBRIDGE

    MONITORING

    LAUNCHING GANTRIES HEAVY LIFTING

    DeMon system allows wireless connection from clients office to any type

    of sensors on site through internet and wireless devices.

    Shenzhen Western Corridor - Hong KongTaiwan High Speed Rail - Taiwan Nanjing Bridge Heavy Lifting - China

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    V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 27 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M

    VSL products and servicesAs a specialist stay cable contractor,VSL provides comprehensive technicalassistance from the earliest stage ofthe preliminary studies right through tothe detailed design and constructionphases:

    consulting services to owners,

    engineers and contractors;

    static analysis of the structure

    (in cooperation with the Engineer);

    assistance in the dynamic analysis

    of cable vibrations and the

    recommendation of solutions;

    construction engineering;

    geometry control during

    construction and final adjustment

    of cable forces;

    method statements for the

    construction of the structure andcable installation;

    supply and installation of stay

    cables, including anti-vibration

    systems;

    design and supply of specialist

    equipment such as formwork,

    launching trusses, climbing forms,

    etc;

    products and services for

    monitoring, inspection,

    maintenance and repair works.

    TION

    FORM TRAVELLERS & LIFTING FRAMES

    BEARINGS REPAIR

    DUCTAL

    Angara Bridge - Russia

    Pot Bearing

    Figueira Da Foz Bridge repair - Portugal

    Seonyu Footbridge - Korea

    Preloaded seismic bearing

    West Tsing Yi - Hong Kong Deep Bay Link - Hong Kong

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    Copyright 2008, VSL International Ltd.

    Printed in France patented.

    The information set forth in this brochure including technical and engineering data is presented for

    general information only. While every effort has been made to insure its accuracy, this information should

    not be used or relied upon for any specific application without independent professional examination

    VSL LOCATIONS HEADQUARTERSVSL International Ltd.

    Scheibenstrasse 70 Bern

    CH-3014 Switzerland

    Phone: +41 58 456 30 30

    Fax: +41 58 456 30 35

    www.vsl.com

    THAILANDVSL (Thailand) Co. Ltd.BANGKOKPhone: +66 2 679 76 15 - 19F ax : + 66 2 6 79 76 45

    TURKEYMega Yapi Construction & Trade Co. LtdANKARAPhone: +90 312 490 90 66Fax : +90 312 490 90 55

    VIETNAMVSL Vietnam Ltd.HANOIPhone: +84 4 976 50 88F ax : + 84 4 9 76 50 89

    Ho Chi Minh CityPhone: +84 8 8106 817Fax: +84 8 8106 818

    Australia

    VSL Australia Pty. Ltd.NEW SOUTH WALESPhone: +61 2 9 484 59 44Fax: +61 2 9 875 38 94

    QUEENSLANDPhone: +61 7 3265 64 00Fax: +61 7 3265 75 34

    VICTORIAPhone: +61 3 979 503 66Fax : +61 3 979 505 47

    AmericasARGENTINAVSL Sistemas Especiales deConstruccin Argentina SABUENOS AIRESPhone: +54 11 4326 06 09Fax : +54 11 4326 26 50

    BOLIVIAPostensados de BoliviaSan Miguel, LA PAZPhone: +591 2 27 70 338Fax: +591 2 27 96 183

    CHILEVSL Sistemas Especiales deConstruccin S.A.SANTIAGO

    Phone: +56 2 571 67 00F ax : + 56 2 2 33 67 39

    COLOMBIASistemas Especiales de Construccin Ltda.BOGOTAPhone: +57 1 620 96 34F ax : + 57 1 6 20 58 16

    MEXICOVSL Corporation Mexico S.A de C.VMEXICOPhone: +52 5 511 20 36F ax : + 52 5 5 11 40 03

    UNITED STATESVStructural LLCBALTIMORE, MDPhone: +1 410 850 7000Fax : +1 410 850 411 1

    VENEZUELAGestin de Obras y Construcciones C.A.CARACASPhone: +58 212 941 86 75Fax: +58 212 941 86 75

    Africa

    EGYPTMatrix Engineering CompanyCAIROPhone: +20 2 344 19 00Fax: +20 2 346 04 57

    MOROCCORenfor-BatTANGIERPhone: +212 39 95 80 87Fax : +212 39 95 80 85

    SOUTH AFRICATsala-RMS Construction Solutions (Pty) LtdJohannesburgPhone: +27 11 878 6820Fax: +27 11 878 6821

    EuropeAUSTRIAGrund-Pfahl- und Sonderbau GmbHHIMBERGPhone: +43 2235 87 777Fax : +43 2235 86 561

    CZECH REPUBLICVSL Systems (CZ) Ltd.PRAGUEPhone: +420 2 51 09 16 80Fax : +420 2 51 09 16 99

    FRANCEVSL France S.A.LABGEPhone: +33 05 61 00 96 59Fax : +33 05 61 00 96 62

    GERMANYVSL Systems GmbHBERLINPhone: +49 30 53 01 35 32Fax : +49 30 53 01 35 34

    GREAT BRITAINVSL Systems (UK) Ltd.BEDFORDSHIREPhone: +41 58 456 30 30Fax : +41 58 456 30 35

    NETHERLANDSHeijmans Beton en Waterbouw B.V.ROSMALENPhone: +31 73 543 66 02Fax : +31 73 543 66 1 1

    NORWAYVSL Norge A/SSTAVANGERPhone :+47 51 52 50 20Fax : +47 51 56 27 21

    PORTUGALVSL Sistemas PortugalPre-Esforo, Equipamentoe Montagens S.A.S. DOMINGOS DE RANAPhone: +351 21 445 83 10Fax : +351 21 444 63 77

    VSL GEOSistemas de Aplicao em Geotecnia SAS. DOMINGOS DE RANAPhone: + 351 21 445 83 10Fax: + 351 21 445 83 28

    AsiaBRUNEIVSL Systems (B) Sdn. Bhd.BRUNEI DARUSSALAMPhone: +673 2 380 153 / 381 827F ax : + 67 3 2 38 1 9 54

    CHINA PRCVSL (China) Engineering Corp., Ltd.HEFEIPhone: +86 551 382 29 18Fax : +86 551 382 28 78

    HONG KONGVSL Hong Kong Ltd.CHAI WANPhone :+852 2590 22 88Fax : +852 2590 02 90

    Intrafor Hong Kong Ltd.CHAI WANPhone :+852 2836 31 12Fax : +852 2591 61 39

    FT Laboratories Ltd.PING CHEPhone: +852 2758 48 61Fax: +852 2758 89 62

    INDIAVSL India PVT Ltd.CHENNAIPhone: +91 44 4225 11 11Fax : +91 44 4225 10 10

    INDONESIAPT VSL IndonesiaJAKARTA

    Phone: +62 21 570 07 86Fax : +62 21 573 12 1 7

    JAPANVSL Japan CorporationTOKYOPhone: +81 3 3346 8913Fax: +81 3 3345 9153

    KOREAVSL Korea Co. Ltd.SEOULPhone: +82 2 553 8200F ax : + 82 2 5 53 82 55

    MALAYSIAVSL Engineers (M) Sdn. Bhd.KUALA LUMPURPhone: +603 7981 47 42Fax : +603 7981 84 22

    PHILIPPINESVSL Philippines Inc.PASIG CITYPhone: +632 672 17 03F ax : + 63 2 6 72 13 95

    SINGAPOREVSL Singapore Pte. Ltd.SINGAPOREPhone: +65 6559 12 22F ax : + 65 62 57 77 51

    TAIWANVSL Taiwan Ltd.TAIPEIPhone: +886 2 2759 6819Fax : +886 2 2759 6821

    SPAINCTT StrongholdBARCELONAPhone: +34 93 289 23 30Fax : +34 93 289 23 31

    VSL-SPAM, S.A.BARCELONAPhone: +34 93 846 70 07Fax : +34 93 846 51 97

    SWEDENInternordisk Spnnarmering ABVSTERHANINGEPhone: +46 8 5007 3820F ax : + 46 8 7 53 49 73

    SWITZERLANDVSL (Switzerland) Ltd.SUBINGENPhone: +41 58 456 30 30Fax : +41 58 456 30 35

    VSL (Suisse) SASAINT LEGIERPhone: +41 58 456 30 00Fax : +41 58 456 30 95

    Middle East

    UNITED ARAB EMIRATESVSL Middle East LLCDUBAI, UAEPhone: +971 4 333 6262Fax : +971 4 333 0008