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INTRODUCTION The Upper Chambal Sub-Basin in Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh is one of the worst water deficit hydrological Sub-unit in India despite having a very low irrigation development in the country .Indicative location of the sub basin is given in Fig-1. It is often said that due to continuous water shortage and depleting ground water sources, as a result of continuous mining, the area may likely to face drought like situation in the near future. An attempt has been made in the present study to determine the present water balance and that in year 2050 after a thorough investigation into the requirement of water for various uses viz., domestic, live stock, industrial, irrigation and water available after considering annual inflow series at Gandhi Sagar, export and import of water from and into Sub-basin respectively. The present study is significant as it aims to draw the attention of water planners, political decision makers and general public towards the grave water deficient situation prevailing in the catchment and also presents a bench mark study to provide necessary input for planning appropriate measures/schemes necessary to mitigate the water deficiency by properly addressing the problem raised in the present study.

UPPER CHAMBAL SUB-BASIN IN MALWA REGION Malwa region is a geographic sub-division situated in the North West of Madhya Pradesh in India. It is situated between latitudes 22027’N and 2505’N and beween longitudes 74045’E and 77015 E. It encompasses districts of Dhar, Ratlam, Neemuch, Mandsaur, Ujjain, Indore, Shajapur, Dewas, Rajgarh and Sehore and admeasures an area of about 35,879 Sq.km. Main river system in the region is river Chambal and its tributaries, namely, Kalisindh Parbati Kshipra, Gambhir, Chawala, Siwana Choti Kalisindh; and river Mahi. The

drainage covered by river Mahi is only 3,133 Sq.km. River system and geographical map of Upper Chambal Sub-basin is given in Fig-2.

The Upper Chambal sub-basin is formed in Malwa region due to construction of Gandhisagar hydel Project in 1960-61 which

Journal of Indian Water Resources Society, Vol. 33, No. 2, April, 2013

STATUS PAPER ON WATER SHORTAGE AND REQUIREMENT OF UPPER CHAMBAL SUB-BASIN OF MALWA REGION IN

MADHYA PRADESH (INDIA) Mukesh Chauhan1 and R.K. Shrivastava2

ABSTRACT For effective planning of available water in the Malwa Region of Madhya Pradesh belonging to Upper Chambal Sub-Basin, an attempt is made in the present study through water balance studies using the inflow/ run-off data in the area. The study include estimation of projections of the domestic, live stock, irrigation industrial requirements of the area along with water availability in the Gandhi Sagar Reservoir as well as the ground water resources. The water balance study defines the additional water requirement in the Sub-basin in the year 2050. It has been concluded that the Sub-basin is highly water deficient even on present day. Per capita water availability considering import and export is 212 cum and it will further come down to 121 cum in 2050. The additional requirement of water at 75% dependability in 2011 is 1016 MCM and in 2050 is 2536 MCM.

Key Words: Upper Chambal Sub-Basin, Gandhisagar, Water balance, Water demand, flow series, Import of water, Export from Upper Chambal sub-basin.

 

1. Chief Engineer, Narmada Control Authority, D-1/2, Narmada Colony, Scheme No.78, Indore-452010Email: m_k_chauhan@hotmail.com, Ph.: 0731-2554477

2. Prof. of Civil Engineering, S.G.S.I.T.S., Indore. Teachers Quarters, S.G.S.I.T.S., Campus, Y.N. Road Indore 452003, Ph.: 0731-2541829

Manuscript No.: 1325

 

Fig-1: Indicative Map of Upper Chambal Sub-Basin in Madhya Pradesh

BOUNDARY OF UPPER CHAMBAL SUB-BASIN

BOUNDARY OF MALWA

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Table1: Upper Chambal Sub-basin The State wise / district wise/ Tehsil wise break up of the catchment area (in sq.km)

Sl.No. District / Tehsil Geographical area

Area falling in the sub-

basin

% age of Tehsil/ district Remarks

MADHYA PRADESH 1 Mandsaur District:

Mandsaur 1266.08 1266.08 100.00 Bhanpura 1039.18 375.00 36.17 Garoth 1136.69 888.00 78.15 Malhargarh 806.05 806.00 100.00 Sitamau 1273.58 1132.00 88.73 District Total: 5521.38 4467.08 80.90

2 Neemuch Neemuch 855.13 695 81.27 Manasaa 1517.26 1167 76.91 Javad 1570.26 83 6.28 District Total: 3942.65 1945 49.33%

3 Shajapur District:

Agar 718.10 135.00 18.60 Agar was splited

into Agar and Barod in 1981-82.

Barod 736.20 508.00 69.00 District Total: 6178.50 643.00 10.39

4 Ratlam District: Ratlam 1330.84 635.00 47.71 Alot 985.00 945.52 100.00 Jaora 1359.46 1318.00 96.95 Saliana 1228.92 38.00 3.09 District Total: 4865.00 2935.52 60.33

5 Ujjain District: Ujjain 753.20 753.20 100.00 Khachrod + Nagda 1282.63 1282.68 100.00 Mahidpur 1131.23 1131.23 100.00 Tarana 1083.81 706.50 65.18 Baranagar 1225.31 1225.31 100.00 Ghatiya 639.65 639.65 100.00 District Total: 6116.20 5738.57 93.82

6 Dewas district: Dewas 1004.92 795.00 79.11 Sonkatch 1288.72 202.50 15.71 District Total: 7004.00 997.50 14.24

7 Dhar District: Dhar 1908.33 1032.00 54.07.92 Badnawar 1064.57 557.00 52.32 Sardarpur 1280.00 66.00 5.15 District Total: 8195.00 1655.00 20.19

8 Indore district: Indore 1020.14 739.00 72.44 Mhow 1027.08 337.00 32.8 Depalpur 1022.25 1022.25 100.00 Sanwer 761.52 761.52 100.00 District Total: 3831.00 2859.77 74.60

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is the Northern most extremity of this sub-division. The project is at a distance of 260 km from the origin of river Chambal and has a catchment area of 22,745 Sq.km. covering almost whole or part of all districts of Malwa region except Sehore and Rajgarh. Main river in the sub-basin is Chambal and its tributaries Kshipra, Choti Kalisindh. Tehsil wise area falling in the Sub-basin are given in Table-1. Administrative boundaries of Tehsil & Districts are given in Fig-3.

The area is a plateau of flat rolling land sloping from South in Vindhyas from elevation 600 m. to North in Hadauti in Rajasthan to elevation 400 m. Geologically, it is a part of Deccan plateau and various formations occurring in the region are (i) Alluvial, (ii) Laterite and Deccan taps with inter-trappean beds. Deccan traps belonging to tertiary of eccene

and Upper cretaceous period cover major part of the catchment. It consists of massive, zeolites and vesicular flows of various thicknesses. The groundwater is restricted to weathered residuum, fracture zone having secondary porosity with moderate yield prospects of 5 to 20 m3/hour.

The region receives its 95% of rainfall during monsoon months of July to October. The average annual rainfall is 827 mm with maximum rainfall of 1,050 mm occurring in Shajapur district and minimum of 756 mm in Mandsaur district.

Land use in the Sub-basin: Land statistics have been collected tehsil wise for year 2008-09 for Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Using the prorata figures of these statistics, land use statistics for Upper Chambal Sub-basin has been worked out and is presented in Table-2.

RAJASTHAN 9 Chittorgarh district

Nimbahera 853.28 32.00 3.75 Paratapgarh 2252.64 843.00 37.42 District Total: 10011.89 875.00 8.75

10 Jhalawar district: Gangdhar 914.55 629.3 68.80 District Total: 6323.16 629.3 9.95 Sub-total of M.P. portion 21241.67

Sub-total of Rajasthan portion 1504.30

Total of sub-basin 22746

Source: 1. Commissioner, Land Records (MP) 2. Survey of India top sheets of 1:250,000 scale 3. Irrigation Department, Rajasthan

 

 

Fig. 2: River Network Map

 

Fig. 3: Administrative Boundaries

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Table-2: Land use particular in Upper Chambal basin (2008-09)

Sl. Category of land use M.P. Rajasthan Total 1 Forest. 150,082 21,563 171,645 2 Barren land. 108,593 16,104 124,697 3 Land put to non-agricultural use. 153,958 6,478 160,436 4 Permanent pastures & other grazing land. 108,544 11,999 120,543 5 Land under miscellaneous crops & tree. 320 9 329 6 Culturable waste. 57,846 24,515 82,361 7 Other fallows. 8,882 3,891 12,773 8 Current fallows. 8,234 1,906 10,140 9 Net area sown. 1,527,885 63,801 1,591,686 Total Geographical Area : 2,124,344 150,266 2,274,600

Table-3: Tehsilwise Poulation of Upper Chambal Sub-basin Population Tehsil

Sl.No Name of Place

& District 1991 2001

%age Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Mandsaur Mandsaur 100.00 101455 214977 316432 124120 272799 396919 Bhanpura 36.18 21308 30611 51919 16494 42051 58545 Garoth 78.52 24298 116935 141233 36076 147813 183889 Malhargarh 100.00 101455 214977 316432 31125 153951 185076 Sitamau 88.72 6026 83858 89884 12889 205644 218533 District Total 80.90 254542.00 661358.00 915900.00 220704.00 822258.00 1042962.00 2 Shajapur Agar 18.60 0 15117 15117 0 18828 18828 Barod 69.14 0 57604 57604 11764 70747 82511 District Total 10.39 0.00 72721.00 72721.00 11764.00 89575.00 101339.00 3 Ratlam Ratlam 47.56 202473 87260 289733 242903 110211 353114 Alot 100.00 27970 123648 151618 34574 151491 186055 Jaora 97.02 68198 194068 262266 72766 133492 206258 Sailana 3.02 11096 2001 13097 10888 2730 13618 District Total 60.33 309737.00 406977.00 716714.00 361131.00 397924.00 759045.00 4 Ujjain Ujjain 100.00 362633 107008 469641 431162 133183 564345 Khachrod 100.00 114660 169858 284518 140364 216410 356774 Mahidpur 100.00 22536 149849 172385 35720 181706 217426 Tarana 65.00 18187 159492 177679 21453 127254 148707 Badnagar 100.00 28667 159371 188038 34088 202552 236640 Ghatiya 100.00 0 90828 90828 0 118568 118568 District Total 93.82 546683.00 836406.00 1383089.00 662787.00 979673.00 1642460.00 5 Dewas Dewas 79.11 164364 123604 287968 231672 150838 382510 Sonkatch 15.71 0 15436 15436 0 19459 19459 District Total 14.24 164364.00 139040.00 303404.00 231672.00 170297.00 401969.00 6 Dhar Dhar 53.92 0 38592 38592 0 150780 150780 Badnawar 52.42 15143 72852 87995 17746 92193 109939

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The total geographical area of the sub-basin is 22,74,600 ha. The culturable area of 16,97,289 ha. i.e., 74.62% of Geographical area indicates predominant agrarian nature of the region. Considering the figures of forest cover and net sown area of 1992-93 and of 2008-09, the % forest cover has decreased from 2,17,498 ha. (9.56%) to 1,71,645 (7.54%) and the % culturable area increased from 69.3 to 74.62%. Permanent pasture and grazing land also decreased from 1,89,082 ha. (8.3%) to 1,20,543 ha. (5.29%) which suggest expansion of agricultural/cultivable area at the cost of forest reserve and permanent pastures. The decrease in permanent pasture indicates reduction in dependence on live stock for agriculture and also that the population of live stock is not likely to sustain significant growth (State Government of Madhya Pradesh too has reduced percentage of permanent pasture to 5% and then to 2%). The land put to non-agricultural use has shown slight decrease 1,62,450 (7.14%) to 1,60,436 (7.05%).

The current and other fallows are only 22,913 ha. i.e., 1.007% which suggests very intensive agriculture in the region which is likely to affect the nutritional characteristic of the soil and in turns its agricultural productivity.

WATER DEMAND IN SUB-BASIN Water is required in Upper Chambal basin for various purposes i.e., drinking for people and live stock, irrigation and industries. Present requirement for above purposes and future projections of them to year 2030 and 2050 are given as under:

Domestic purposes Civic requirement of people: Upper Chambal sub-basin is a region dependant on agriculture as its mainstay and presently more population resides in rural areas than in urban areas. But there are important industrial clusters like Indore, Dewas, Ratlam, Pithampur in Dhar which are growing very fast setting the pace of rapid urbanization. According to Census-2001, the total population in the sub-basin in 2001 was 73, 87,594 which includes 36, 60,706 in

urban areas and 38, 01,597 in rural areas. Table-3 gives the tehsil wise population of urban and rural areas in Upper Chambal Sub-basin. Using the percentage growth in total population in various districts, total population in 2011 comes to 99, 67,415 of which rural population is 50, 28,354 and urban population is 49,39,060. The projections given in World Population prospects for medium variant by UNO as reproduced in Table-4 have been used to make predictions for future populations of year 2030 and 2050. Computation of population in year 2030 & 2050 are given in Table-5. Accordingly, the urban & rural population in 2030 & 2050 are given in following table. The per capita daily water requirement of 200 lit for urban area and 70 liter per day for rural area have been taken for calculation of water demand is given in Table-6.

Live Stock There is near stability in the population of live stock due to mechanism of agriculture requirement of live stock the future increase in the population of live stock will be only in milk animal. Therefore, the present livestock population of 23,58,240 (Table-7) has been assumed to grow at a modest rate of 0.1 % per annum and estimation . The per capita requirement of 50 liters of water has been considered for computation of water requirement of livestock and same is given in Table-8.

The 50% water demand for rural areas and live stock is assumed to be met from the ground water resources. In view of above, total water demand for domestic & livestock from surface & ground water resources would be as given in Table-9.

Water requirement for irrigation purpose There are total 281 existing irrigation projects in Upper Chambal basin and 31 projects are under construction and 29 are proposed project. The water requirement for these projects is given in Table-10.

Sardarpur 5.08 0 8536 8536 0 10592 10592 District Total 20.19 15143.00 119980.00 135123.00 17746.00 253565.00 271311.00 7 Indore Indore 72.64 1290905 116590 1407495 1761689 153131 1914820 Mhow 32.91 102461 43297 145758 119412 60867 180279 Depalpur 100.00 31052 133685 164737 40965 170638 211603 Sanwer 100.00 5492 70796 76288 19106 169066 188172 District Total 74.60 1429910.00 364368.00 1794278.00 1941172.00 553702.00 2494874.00 8 Neemuch 81.27 99795 99951 199746 123375 121026 244401 Manasa 76.91 34882 122697 157579 40380 149891 190271 Jawad 5.28 0 7866 7866 39215 95001 48715 District Total 49.33 134677.00 230514.00 365191.00 202970.00 365918.00 483387.00 9 Chittaurgarh Nimbahera 3.75 NA NA NA 371 966 1336 Pratapgarh 37.42 NA NA NA 2522 75229 88554 District Total 8.75 1767.00 9568.00 11335.00 2893.00 76195.00 89890.00

10 Jhalawar Gandhar 68.81 0 0 0 7867 92490 100357 District Total 9.95 1426.00 7618.00 9044.00 7867.00 92490.00 100357.00 Total population in

Sub-basin 422.50 2858249.00 2848550.00 5706799.00 3660706.00 3801597.00 7387594.00

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Table 4: Upper Chambal Sub-Basin Population Growth Rate (%)Medium Variant-1990-2050

Sl.No. Period Population Growth Rate* (Yearly) 1 1990-1995 1.98 2 1995-2000 1.77 3 2000-2005 1.57 4 2005-2010 1.43 5 2010-2015 1.32 6 2015-2020 1.17 7 2020-2025 1.01 8 2025-2030 0.87 9 2030-2035 0.73

10 2035-2040 0.59 11 2040-2045 0.46 12 2045-2050 0.33

(*) The population growth rate has been taken from the Publication Division of the Department of Economic & Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects : The 2010 Revision.

Table-5: Computation of Population in Upper Chambal Subbasin in 2030-2050

S.No.

District Population in the sub

basin (2001)

Decadal Growth

rate in 2011 ( in % )

Population in 2011

Population in 2030(24.27 % growth over

2011 )

Population in 2050 (38.951 % growth

over 2011 )

1 Mandsaur 1042962 13 1178547 1464580 1637605 2 Shajapur 101339 17 118566 147342 164750 3 Ratlam 759045 20 911386 1132580 1266385 4 Ujjain 1642460 16 1905253 2367660 2647368 5 Dewas 401969 20 482362 599432 670250 6 Dhar 271311 26 341851 424820 475010 7 Indore 2494874 33 3318182 4123505 4610650 8 Neemuch 483387 14 551061 684805 765710 9 Chittaurgarh 89890 20 1042724 1295793 1448880

10 Jhalawar 100357 16 117483 145998 163250 TOTAL 7387594 9967415 12386515 13849858

Table 6: Drinking water requirement in Upper Chambal sub-basin

Present Year-2030 Year-2050 Water demand in MCM 2011 2030 2050

Urban 3,660,706 6,713,491 7,506,623 207 379 424 Rural 3,801,597 5,673,024 6,343,234 97 144 162

Total 7,462,303 12,386,515 13,849,857 304 523 586

Table-7: Live Stock Population in Upper Chambal Sub Basin ( 2008-09 )

Sl. No Name of District

Percentage (100%)

Live Stock in District

Live Stock in Basin

1 Mandsaur 80.90 554380 448493 2 Shajapur 10.39 878049 91229 3 Ratlam 60.33 612663 369620 4 Ujjain 93.82 576821 541173 5 Dewas 14.24 706074 100545 6 Dhar 20.19 230330 46504 7 Indore 74.60 389557 290610 8 Neemuch 49.33 875225 431748 9 Chittaurgarh 8.75 166720 14588

10 Jhalawar 9.95 238514 23732 Total 5228333 2358242

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Assuming that all projects will be completed by 2030, the water demand in 2011 is 350 MCM, in 2030 & 2050 it is 553 MCM. The ultimate irrigation percentage by surface irrigation from above water resources projects would be 4.66% whereas its present value is 3.06%.

These are projects which are owned by the Water Resources Department of Madhya Pradesh/Rajasthan. Some additional area is being irrigated by village Talab /tanks owned by village Pachayats. Total area under surface irrigation has been obtained from land use statistics and presented in Table-11

As per land statistics collected, an area 62,235 by surface irrigation and 6,59,751 by ground water resources was being

irrigated in 2008-09 in the sub-basin. Total area irrigated as per land statistics is 7,21,986 which is 45% of net sown area.

Therefore in absence of adequate sources for surface irrigation the area is heavily dependent on ground water which is resulting in continuous mining and rapid falling of ground water table. Out of 31 Tehsils in the Sub-basin mining has been reported in 17 Tehsils in past decade. To reverse trend at least 15% i.e., 1/3rd of total area under irrigation i.e., 2,38,750 ha. need to be provided with surface water irrigation facility in the sub-basin. This would ensure conjunctive use and would also stabilize ground water table as about 1008 MCM water which is drawn from ground water resources would be

Table-8: Water demand for live stock population

Livestock Population Water demand in MCM

2011 2030 2050 2011 2030 2050

2,358,240 3,178,551 3,878,436 43 58 71

Table-9: Domestic & livestock demand in Upper Chambal basin

Year Surface water demand Ground Water Domestic Livestock Total Domestic Livestock Total

2011 255 22 277 48 22 70 2030 451 29 480 72 29 101 2050 505 35 540 81 35 116

Table-10: Water requirement through Irrigation Projects

Category of projects No. of schemes Area irrigated Water required in MCM Existing projects 281 49,130 350.075 Under construction 31 10,291 83.78 Proposed scheme 29 15,291 110.36 341 74,712 553.215

Table 11: Source-wise Irrigation in Upper Chambal Sub Basin (All unit in ha)

Sl. No

Name of District

% area in Basin

Canals Tanks Surface (Other

Sources )

Total Surface

Tube well

Wells Other Source

s

Ground Water

irrigation

Total irrigation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 Mandsaur 80.9 1739 4307 4348 10394 19482 179907 4348 203737 214131 2 Shajapur 10.39 866 114 423 1403 3684 16159 423 20266 21669 3 Ratlam 60.33 390 911 1830 3131 47616 36384 2387 86387 89518 4 Ujjain 93.82 3349 868 9275 13492 12357 41531 9275 63163 76655 5 Dewas 14.24 60 221 661 942 23778 11925 760 36463 37405 6 Dhar 20.19 576 1725 566 2867 56679 4121 566 61366 64233 7 Indore 74.6 618 1193 3287 5097 104646 7150 3226 115022 120119 8 Neemuch 49.33 1535 355 18585 20475 4790 32252 2119 39161 59636 9 Chittaurgarh 8.75 348 1589 2107 4044 - 15693 340 16033 20077 10 Jhalawar 9.95 26 92 272 390 10 17835 308 18153 18543

TOTAL 9507 11375 41354 62235 273042 362957 23752 659751 721986

Table-12: Industrial water demand Name of district Indore Dhar Ujjain Dewas Mandsaur Neemuch Ratlam Total MLD

Water requirement in MLD 180 270 72 135 72 45 144 918

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available from surface irrigation from Water Resources Project.

Hence, future water requirement for bringing total 15% of net sown area i.e., 2,38,750 under irrigation would be 1432 MCM considering a delta of 0.60 m for approved cropping pattern in the region.

Hence, water required for irrigation in 2030 & 2050 will be 1432 MCM.

Industrial water requirement The industrial water requirement for various industrial clusters in the sub-basin is given in Table-12.

Which comes to 335 MLD as future requirement for industrial purposes.

Water requirement for export to other basin: An interstate agreement was reached by Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan in 1955 wherein an allocation of water of 3948

MCM (3.2 MAF) ex-Gandhinagar (constructed in 1960) was committed for irrigation in 566801 ha in Lower Chambal command of Kota, Jhalawar of Rajasthan, Bhind, Morena and Gwalior districts of Madhya Pradesh.The Gandhisagar project has a live storage of 7616 M. Cum. (6.17 M.Cum) with a carry over storage of 3668 M.Cu.m. The irrigation from Kota Barrage downstream of Gandhisagar Project is mainly in Kalisindh, Parbati and Sindh sub basin of lower Chambal basin.

WATER AVAILABILITY AT GANDHISAGAR RESERVOIR Surface Water The inflow data of river Chambal are available for 64 years from 1946-47 to year 2009-10. The upstream utilization through water resources projects/water supply projects are also available for the corresponding period. The virgin flow/run off series at Gandhisagar has been prepared. By arranging the series in descending order and using Gumbel Plotting formula,

Table 13: UPPER CHAMBAL SUB-BASIN Computation of 50 % and 75 % Dependable run-off from inflow series at Gandhisagar

S.No. YEAR U/S UTILIZATION

RUN-OFF ( R ) RUN-OFF ARRANGED IN DESCENDING

ORDER (in MCM)

( CM ) ( MCM )

1 1946-47 0.05 46.903 19974 19974 2 1947-48 0.05 26.520 13728 13728 3 1948-49 0.05 33.391 12301 12301 4 1949-50 0.07 7.892 11688 11688 5 1950-51 0.07 31.730 10822 10822 6 1951-52 0.10 6.350 10684 10684 7 1952-53 0.10 25.220 9824 9824 8 1953-54 0.12 10.848 9512 9512 9 1954-55 0.13 41.164 9377 9377

10 1955-56 0.15 39.837 9075 9075 11 1956-57 0.16 16.842 8603 8603 12 1957-58 0.17 9.711 7973 7973 13 1958-59 0.17 19.001 7956 7956 14 1959-60 0.17 54.000 7941 7941 15 1960-61 0.18 12.000 7704 7704 16 1961-62 0.18 34.928 7606 7606 17 1962-63 0.18 35.000 7598 7598 18 1963-64 0.19 17.810 7278 7278 19 1964-65 0.24 11.642 7228 7228 20 1965-66 0.29 6.279 7089 7089 21 1966-67 0.34 7.387 6811 6811 22 1967-68 0.35 11.529 6767 6767 23 1968-69 0.36 21.392 6582 6582 24 1969-70 0.37 41.759 6266 6266 25 1970-71 0.38 21.590 6041 6041 26 1971-72 0.38 37.766 5745 5745 27 1972-73 0.39 14.569 5711 5711 28 1973-74 0.40 87.688 5655 5655 29 1974-75 0.42 29.900 4918 4918 30 1975-76 0.46 29.709 4873 4873 31 1976-77 0.47 47.509 4809 4809 32 1977-78 0.48 31.951 4328 4328 33 1978-79 0.48 31.120 4057 4057

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the surface runoff at 50% and 75% dependability has been worked out in Table-13 by arranging the virgin flow series in descending order and using weibuls formula to determine the

50% and 75% probability flows. The values are given as under:

Surface runoff at 50% dependability = 4568 MCM

34 1979-80 0.50 11.715 4042 4042 35 1980-81 0.51 17.073 4010 4010 36 1981-82 0.70 17.745 3889 3889 37 1982-83 0.72 14.004 3837 3837 38 1983-84 0.76 16.026 3796 3796 39 1984-85 0.76 33.355 3651 3651 40 1985-86 0.76 12.980 3439 3439 41 1986-87 0.79 51.312 3319 3319 42 1987-88 0.80 12.254 3190 3190 43 1988-89 0.80 25.072 3106 3106 44 1989-90 0.85 13.635 2957 2957 45 1990-91 0.93 33.819 2791 2791 46 1991-92 1.21 27.507 2733 2733 47 1992-93 1.50 8.979 2669 2669 48 1993-94 1.52 17.603 2652 2652 49 1994-95 1.54 34.860 2626 2626 50 1995-96 1.54 24.827 2471 2471 51 1996-97 1.54 43.128 2361 2361 52 1997-98 1.55 28.896 2212 2212 53 1998-99 1.55 16.665 2124 2124 54 1999-00 1.56 15.099 2047 2047 55 2000-01 1.56 4.551 2045 2045 56 2001-02 1.56 8.986 1798 1884 57 2002-03 1.57 4.075 1683 1798 58 2003-04 1.58 10.364 1446 1683 59 2004-05 1.58 3.789 1430 1446 60 2005-06 1.58 9.326 1301 1430 61 2006-07 1.58 60.267 1037 1301 62 2007-08 1.58 21.112 928 1037 63 2008-09 1.58 5.710 863 928

Computation of 50 % = 4568.5 Computation of 75 % = 2656.25

Table 14: District Wise Ground Water Potential in Upper Chambal Sub Basin

( All unit in ham ) S.No. Assessment

Unit/District/Block

% Falling in Sub- Basin

Net Annual Ground water

Availability

Existing Gross Ground water

Draft for Irrigation

Existing Gross Ground water

Draft for Domestic & Industrial

water Supply

Existing Gross

Ground water

Draft for All uses

(5+6)

Allocation for domestic

&industrial requirement supply upto

next 25 years

Net Ground water

Availability for future irrigation

development

Stage of Ground water Development

(%) ( 7/4X100 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 MADHYA PRADESH STATE 1 Mandsaur 80.90 60424 69019 1332 70351 3209 -8792 116 2 Shajapur 10.39 4897 4655 249 4904 433 -65 100 3 Ratlam 60.34 39027 48042 1795 49837 2110 -11119 128 4 Ujjain 93.82 141788 153075 4467 157542 5470 -16458 111 5 Dewas 14.24 14595 13491 480 13971 859 245 96 6 Dhar 20.19 14695 21663 338 22001 441 7826 150 7 Indore 74.60 42663 46427 1822 48249 4385 -8152 113 8 Neemuch 49.83 25449 17733 688 18421 931 1197 72

RAJASTHAN STATE

9 Chittaurgarh 8.75 5262 2575 49 10 Jhalawar 9.95 3982 2169 54 TOTAL 352782 374105 11171 390020 17838 -35318 99

 

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Surface runoff at 75% dependability = 2656 MCM

Ground Water Resources As per data collected from Central Ground Water Board, Net ground water availability up to Gandhisagar is 3,527 MCM. Total draft for irrigation is 3,741 MCM and the same for domestic including industrial purposes is 111.70 MCM. The values are given in Table-14.

It is evident that there is mining of 373 MCM of ground water resources every year.

Import of water in the sub basin The drinking water supply project for Indore – Mhow – Dewas area is based on a pumped water scheme from Narmada river since 1979. Presently, 205 MCM (564 MLD) of water is being

brought in Upper Chambal sub-basin for above stated purpose. In 2040, the import will be increased to 315 MCM (864 MLD) after completion of Narmada Phase-III.

The summary of water demand is given in the Table-15 using above values of water demand for various purposes and water availability (Fig. 4).

WATER BALANCE AT GANDHISAGAR & ADDITIONAL WATER REQUIREMENT IN THE SUB BASIN The values of water balance are calculated using values given in Table-13 and 15 and are presented in Table-16 and Fig. 5. Present demand of additional water of (-) 1185 MCM is being drawn from ground water resources which is causing depletion

Table 15: Total water requirement in Upper Chambal sub-basin (in MCM)

Present (2011) 2030 2050 Domestic 446 591 665 Irrigation 350 553 1432 Industrial 50 335 335 Total 846 1479 2432 Import 205 315 315 Export 3200 3200 3200 Difference 2995 2885 2885

Total 3841 4364 5317

 

Fig. 4: Total Water Requirement in Upper Chambal Sub-Basin

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of ground water table. This situation will go on worsening with the passage of time as demand will increase to an unmanageable state as there will not be usable ground water left.

In view of above, additional requirement of surface water in upper Chambal sub basin at present is 1185 MCM and in 2050 the same will be 2,661 MCM.

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS There is need to develop a decision support model to devise alternative strategies to bridge the gap between demand and supply of water and prepare a regional water plan for upper Chambal sub basin. This plan should inter -alia consider following :-

a) Adopting appropriate crop planning and scientific methods for water use most suited to the area.

b) Studies to explore technically advance , economically viable and sustainable schemes for import of required quantity of water from nearby sub basins/Basin of Parbati, Kalisindh and Narmada.

CONCLUDING REMARKS Following conclusions can be made from the above study.

(i) The Upper Chambal Sub-basin is one of the most water deficient region in India. Per capita water availability in

2011 is 212 Cum and in 2050 it will further come down to 121 Cum.

(ii) The total demand of water for domestic and industrial purposes will be doubled from existing 304 MCM to 586 MCM.

(iii) The irrigation water demand will remain stabilized to about 553 MCM unless water is imported from nearby basin.

(iv) The ground water resources have indicated over exploitation in most of the tehsils. As against net ground water availability of 3527 MCM, the annual draft for all purposes is 3,741 MCM.

(v) Present demand of additional water of (-) 1185 MCM is being drawn from ground water resources which is causing depletion of ground water table. This situation will go on worsening with the passage of time as demand will increase to an unmanageable state as there will not be usable ground water left.

(vi) To further arrest depletion of ground water resources and for providing at least 15% of existing area irrigated mostly by ground water and considering all other demands, total water requirement will be 5317 MCM. Hence, at 75% dependability water deficit is 2661 MCM and that at 50% dependability is 749 MCM.

Table16: Present & future water balance at Gandhisagar

Surface Water available (MCM)

Surface water demand (MCM)

Water balance at 50% dependability

(+)Surplus, (-)deficit (MCM)

Water balance at 75% dependability (+) Surplus,

(-) deficit (MCM)

50% 75% 2011 2030 2050 2011 2030 2050 2011 2030 2050 4568 2656 3841 4364 5317 727 204 -749 -1185 -1708 -2661

Fig. 5: Water balance at 50% and 75% dependability.

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(vii) At least 2661 MCM water will be required to be provided additionally. The study provides the basis for making alternative strategies for bringing additional water from nearby basins/sub-basins.

REFERENCES 1. Agrawal S.K., Etal, 1998. “7th National Water

Convention”, Lucknow, 7-9th January, 1998.

2. Govt. of Rajasthan, 2008-09. “Agricultural Commission Report”.

3. Agricultural Statistics, 2008. “Govt. of Madhya Pradesh”

4. Central Ground Water Board, 2008-09. “Annual General Report”.

5. Census, 2011. “Department of Census”, Govt. of India

6. Chauhan M.K., 2004. “Book on Blue Water Plan for Malwa Region”.

7. Chauhan M.K., 2005. “Seminar on Water Demand & Availability in Malwa” Centre for Environment Protection & Research & Development, Indore.

8. Govt. of Madhya Pradesh, 1983.” Indicative Master Plan of Chambal Sub-Basin”.

9. Govt. of Madhya Pradesh, 1983. “Reservoir Operation Table for Gandhisagar Reservoir”.

10. National Water Development Agency, 1999. “Water Balance Study of Upper Chambal Technical Study”, No.WB 41.

11. Sinha M.K., 2007. “Parbati – Kalisindh-Chambal link in its new shape to serve more people”. 12th National Water Convention, Puduchery, November, 2007.

12. K. Subramanyam, 2011. “Hydrology”. Ven Te Chao Hydrology.